• Title/Summary/Keyword: Zero region

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Housing Costs of Young College Graduate Renters in Capital Region Reflected in the 2012 Korea Housing Survey

  • Lee, Hyun-Jeong
    • International Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.93-104
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    • 2014
  • This study examined housing costs and housing affordability of young college graduate renters in the Capital Region of Korea using microdata of the 2012 Korea Housing Survey (KHS). A licensed microdata set of 2012 KHS was obtained on September 29, 2012 from the official KHS Website and analyzed statistically. I selected 93,795 young college graduate renters between 20 and 29 years of age in the Capital Region and compared their housing costs across income levels and tenure type. Major findings were as follows: (1) Jeon-se deposit was on average 3.1 times the annual household income and monthly renters' deposit was 7.1 times the monthly household income; (2) households in higher income groups tended to pay a larger deposit and/or monthly rent; however, households with a lower income were found to pay a greater proportion of income to housing costs than households with a relatively higher income; (3) a total of 64% of all young college graduate renters had housing cost burdens to pay 30% or more of their income for housing, and more than 78% of the low-income households were found burdened; and (4) after housing cost payments, low-income households had less than one million KRW left to spend on other needs and savings; in addition, some low-to mid-income households had zero or even minus income left after housing cost payments.

Implementation of Variable Threshold Dual Rate ADPCM Speech CODEC Considering the Background Noise (배경잡음을 고려한 가변임계값 Dual Rate ADPCM 음성 CODEC 구현)

  • Yang, Jae-Seok;Han, Kyong-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2000.07d
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    • pp.3166-3168
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    • 2000
  • This paper proposed variable threshold dual rate ADPCM coding method which is modified from the standard ADPCM of ITU G.726 for speech quality improvement. The speech quality of variable threshold dual rate ADPCM is better than single rate ADPCM at noisy environment without increasing the complexity by using ZCR(Zero Crossing Rate). In this case, ZCR is used to divide input signal samples into two categories(noisy & speech). The samples with higher ZCR is categorized as the noisy region and the samples with lower ZCR is categorized as the speech region. Noisy region uses higher threshold value to be compressed by 16Kbps for reduced bit rates and the speech region uses lower threshold value to be compressed by 40Kbps for improved speech quality. Comparing with the conventional ADPCM, which adapts the fixed coding rate. the proposed variable threshold dual rate ADPCM coding method improves noise character without increasing the bit rate. For real time applications, ZCR calculation was considered as a simple method to obtain the background noise information for preprocess of speech analysis such as FFT and the experiment showed that the simple calculation of ZCR can be used without complexity increase. Dual rate ADPCM can decrease the amount of transferred data efficiently without increasing complexity nor reducing speech quality. Therefore result of this paper can be applied for real-time speech application such as the internet phone or VoIP.

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Comparison of Algorithms for Sea Surface Current Retrieval using Himawari-8/AHI Data (Himawari-8/AHI 자료를 활용한 표층 해류 산출 알고리즘 비교)

  • Kim, Hee-Ae;Park, Kyung-Ae;Park, Ji-Eun
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.589-601
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    • 2016
  • Sea surface currents were estimated by applying the Maximum Cross Correlation (MCC), Zero-mean Sum of Absolute Distances (ZSAD), and Zero-mean Sum of Squared Distances (ZSSD) algorithms to Himawari-8/Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) thermal infrared channel data, and the comparative analysis was performed between the results of these algorithms. The sea surface currents of the Kuroshio Current region that were retrieved using each algorithm showed similar results. The ratio of errors to the total number of estimated surface current vectors had little difference according to the algorithms, and the time required for sea surface current calculation was reduced by 24% and 18%, relative to the MCC algorithm, for the ZSAD and ZSSD algorithms, respectively. The estimated surface currents were validated against those from satellite-tracked surface drifter and altimeter data, and the accuracy evaluation of these algorithms showed results within similar ranges. In addition, the accuracy was affected by the magnitude of brightness temperature gradients and the time interval between satellite image data.

Developing upcycled fashion design for regional sustainability - Focusing on Changshin-dong area - (지역적 지속가능성의 실천으로서의 업사이클링 패션디자인 개발 - 동대문구 창신동을 중심으로 -)

  • Yim, Eunhyuk;Kim, Hyun Jung;Beom, Seo Hee
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.140-156
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to review and establish the three concepts of upcycling, zero-waste fashion design, and regional sustainability through a review of domestic and international case studies. Furthermore, it will provide the theoretical basis for using upcycling as a regional sustainability practice to create zero-waste fashion design. To conduct an empirical study, we systematized the stages of the survey on waste resources in Changsin-dong, the sourcing and utilization of waste resources, the design-planning stage, and the co-production with pattern and sewing masters as a suggested practice for regional sustainability. Through this study, we propose the possibility of regional sustainability by developing and sharing the method of zero-waste fashion design. The conclusion of the study as follows: First, upcycling fashion designs can be extended to a regional sustainability practice by taking the characteristics of social design into account. Second, by providing a design development process and methodology suitable for regional sustainability application, it is helpful to revitalize regional upcycling fashion brands and communities by providing data for upcycled fashion branding. Third, as part of the revitalization project for the Chang-shin and Soongin areas that started in 2014, using the region's economic, cultural, and environmental characteristics to make and sell high-value, upcycled fashion products will contribute to social and economic achievements and aid in solving regional problems.

On a Detection of V-UV Segments of Speech Spectrum for the MBE Coding (MBE 부호화용 스펙트럼 V-UV 구간 검출에 관한 연구)

  • 김을제
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1992.06a
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    • pp.43-48
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    • 1992
  • In the area of speech vocoder systems, the MBE vocoder allows the high quality and low bit rate. In the MBE parameters detection, the dicision methods of V/UV region proposed until now are dependent highly to the other parameters, fundamental frequency and formant information. In this paper, thus, we propose a new V/UV detection method that uses a zero-crossing rate of flatten harmonices spectrum. This method can reduce the influences of the other parameters for the V/UV regions detection.

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A DC-Link Voltage Control Scheme for 4-Level Inverter at Low Modulation Index (4-레벨 인버터를 위한 저변조지수 영역의 DC-링크 전압 제어기법)

  • 송종환
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2000.07a
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    • pp.325-329
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    • 2000
  • An effective Carrier-Based PWM scheme that enables the instantaneous quality of each branch point voltage of a diode clamped 4-level inverter to be reduced at a low modulation index is described. This scheme presents a computed zero sequence voltage of PWM by the feedback of both DC-link voltages and load currents. The proposed PWM scheme enables to increase the controllable region of DC-link voltage and makes it possible to operate with small DC-link capacitors. The validity of the proposed PWM scheme is verified by simulation results.

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A Study on the Static Characteristics of Spiral Grooved Seals (Spiral Groove Seal의 靜特性에 관한 연구)

  • Yang, Bo-suk;Iwatsubo, Takuzo
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.30-38
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    • 1986
  • In the paper, static characteristics of spiral grooved seal is theoretically obtained by Using Navier-Stokes equation. In the analysis, inertia term of fluid is considered and the flow and pressure in the steady state are obtained for the groove direction and vertical to the groove direction. As the journal rotating frequency increases, the leakage flow decreases. Therefore, zero net leakage flow is possible at the region of some rotating frequency.

Improving on Performance of Induction Motor by 3 Phase Dual Inverter Drives (3상 Dual Inverter의 구동에 의한 유도전동기의 운전 특성 개선)

  • Hyun, Dong-Seok;Cho, Sun-Bong;Sim, Jun-Seok;Baik, Kwang-Sun
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1989.11a
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    • pp.273-277
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    • 1989
  • This paper concerns to drive Induction Motor with open delta winding, and improve general performance, speed response, operation region and flexibility of control, etc. And a control algorithm, which reduces large zero-phase current at this operation, is presented.

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A Study on the transient response in the switching regulator (스위칭 레귤레이터에 있어서 과도응답에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Hee-Jun;Kim, Soon-Chang
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1989.11a
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    • pp.235-239
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    • 1989
  • This paper investigated the effect of right half plane zero on the transient response in the buck-boost DC-DC converter. And it is clarified that the damping ratio decreases gradually by increases of the feedback loop gain and the regulation system of the converter becomes unstable. From the result, we obtained the stability region about the duty ratio and the output current by evaluating the feedback loop gain.

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E-polarized electromagnetic diffraction by a composite wedge, II:Extended diffraction coefficients (도체와 유전체가 복합된 쐐기에 의한 E-편파된 전자파의 회절, II:확장된 회절계수)

  • 김세윤;김상욱
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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    • v.34D no.7
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 1997
  • The physical optical solution to the E-polarized diffraction by a composite wedge consisting of perfect conductor and lossless dielectric cannot sayisfy not only the boundary conditions at the wedge interfaces but also the edge condition at the wedge tip. Its diffraction coefficients are extended outside the composite wedge to become the exact solution to the perfectly conducting wedge as its relative dielectric constant increases to infinite or decreases to 1. It is assured that the extended diffraction coefficients approach zero in the arificially complementary region of the composite wedge.

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