• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2016

Vehicular traffic on turf results in loss of green cover due to direct tearing of shoots and indirect long-term soil compaction. Protection of turfgrass crowns from wear could increase the ability of turf to recover from heavy traffic. Plastic turfpavers have been installed in trafficked areas to reduce soil compaction and to protect turfgrass crowns from wear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate traffic performance of turfgrasses (Zoysia matrella and Axonopus compressus) and soil mixture (high, medium and low sand mix) combinations on turf-paver complex. The traffic performance of turf and recovery was evaluated based on percent green cover determined by digital image analysis and spectral reflectance responses by NDVI-meter. Bulk density cores indicated significant increase in soil compaction from medium and low sand mixtures compared to high sand mixture. Higher reduction of percent green cover was observed from A. compressus (30-40%) than Z. matrella (10-20%) across soil mixtures. Both turf species displayed higher wear tolerance when established on higher sand (>50% sand) than low sand mixture. Positive turf recovery was also supported by complementary spectral responses. Establishment of Zoysia matrella turf on turfpaver complex using high sand mixture will result in improved wear tolerance.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Nitrogen (N) is an important element for turfgrass (Zoysia matrella) growth; however, standard N application rate for turfgrass is not established yet. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of N application rates on the growth and quality of turfgrass for establishment of standard N application rate. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatments were as follows; control (0 N g/m²/month), 1N (1 N g/m²/month), 2N(2 N g/m²/month), 3N (3 N g/m²/month), 4N (4 N g/m²/month), and 5N (5 N g/m²/month). N application improved visual turfgrass quality. Compared with the control, clipping yield of all N treatments increased by 90~194%. The grass shoot weight of 3N, 4N, and 5N treatments increased by 52%, 43%, and 111%, respectively, and the stolon weight of 4N and 5N treatments increased by 412% and 201%, respectively, compared to the control. The N uptake amount and N recovery rate were estimated to be 4.10~6.28 g/m² and 14~58%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): These results indicate that considering visual quality, clipping yield, N uptake amount, and N recovery, the application rate of 2~3 N g/m²/month was suggested to be suitable for Z. matrella production.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2004

본 실험은 한국잔디 신품종 '세녹'(특허출원:10-2003-0072018) 개발에 관한 것으로, 한국에서 수집한 유전자원 중 갯잔디와 금잔디계통을 인공교배 방법을 이용해 F1계통을 얻었다. F1 계통을 포장상태에서 방임수분을 통해 변이확대를 하였으며, 이들 방임수분 후대에서 선발한 것으로 유전적으로 잔디의 녹색도가 진하며, 낮게 자라는 특성이 있고 품질이 우수하며 잎의 강직성이 높다 엽폭이 3.1mm로 중엽형이며, 초장이 14cm로 낮고, 잎각도가 67.3도로 넓으며, 지면으로부터 최하위 엽의 잎몸 기부까지의 길이가 2cm로 낮은 형태적 특성을 갖고 있어 낮은 잔디 깎기에 적응할 수 있는 영양번식형 잔디이다. 또한 RAPD 밴드 특성에서 한국잔디 신품종 세녹(Senock)이 특이 밴드를 갖어 식별성이 있다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2001

한국잔디의 종자 및 영양체를 이용한 carpet 잔디 생산체계 확립은 한국잔디의 고성 효율과 이용 증대를 높일 수 있는 유용한 방법이다. 또한 덧파종 기법을 이용해 한국잔디류의 carpet 잔디를 생산하는 것도 효율적인 carpet 잔디 생산 및 푸른 기간 연장의 가능성을 제시할 수 있다고 생각한다. Z. japonica cv. Zenith 종자를 이용해 carpet 잔디를 생산시 6g/$m^2$ 파종시 가장 효율적으로 확인되었으며, 영양체를 이용할 경우는 초종에 따라 피복률에 차이를 보였다. 사용한 초종 중 중엽 Z. japonica가 우수한 피복률을 보였으며, 영양체 사용량에 있어서는 2.5L/$m^2$을 사용하고, 영양체의 길이는 3~4마디씩 잘라서 이용할 때 효과적으로 나타났다. 덧파종용 한지형 잔디로는 발아속도가 빠른 퍼레니알라이그라스가 효과적이었으며, 적절한 덧파종 시기는 9월 중순이 효과적이라고 생각된다. 덧파종을 통해 carpet 잔디의 생산기간을 단축할 수 있으며, 푸른 기간을 연장할 수 있을 것으로 생각되나, 조성 후 고관리 등의 문제점을 해결해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2013

본 연구는 한반도에 자생하는 난지형 한국잔디류의 자생지에서의 형태적 특성과 재배 포지에서의 형태적 특성 및 자생지에서의 토양특성을 조사한 것이다. 한국 남서부지역을 중심으로 바닷가 주변과 농로변, 산정 바위 틈 등에서 채집된 들잔디류 41개체, 중지류 28개체, 갯잔디류 22개체, 금잔디류 8개체로 총 4종 99개체를 채집하여 조사한 결과 대부분 자생지와 재배 포지에서 형태적 특성에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 갯잔디류에서는 잎의 각도와 금잔디류에서 화수당 종자 수에서는 차이를 보였다. 이는 갯잔디가 재배 환경에 따라 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 판단된다. 한국잔디류 수집지역의 토양 특성은 모든 조사구에서 토양산도는 약 pH 6인 약산성 토양이었으며, 치환성 양이온 중 나트륨($Mg^+$)은 0.06-0.02 $cmol{_c}^+kg^{-1}$, 마그네슘($Mg^{2+}$) 0.09-0.03 $cmol{_c}^+kg^{-1}$, 칼륨($K^+$) 0.02-0.01 $cmol{_c}^+kg^{-1}$로 나타나 척박한 토양에서 생육되고 있었다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.274-279
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• 2016

Aphanisticus congener is a newly recorded buprestid (Coleoptera) insect pest of turfgrass in Korea. This buprestid pest was initially found from turfgrass conservation site in a greenhouse in Jinju, Gyeongnam province, Korea in July, 2014. The Aphanisticus in the family Buprestidae is a leaf miner. A. congener is the close species of A. aeneus which was firstly reported as sugarcane leaf sucker in India. A. congener was active from early July to late August in the greenhouse. Damage by the insect led to drying out and browning of turfgrass leaf because larva fed on cell sap of leaves and adult fed on leaf surface. A. congener damaged Zoysia japonica, Z. sinica, Conodon dactylon, and Poa pratensis when adults were artificially released into potted turfgrasses in the laboratory. In green house, A. congener damaged Z. japonica, Z. macrostachya, Z. matrella, Z. sinica, Conodon dactylon, and hybrid zoysiagrass. However, no damage symptoms were observed from the same turfgrass accessions in the nearby field of the greenhouse. Thus, the new coleopteran pest may be a warm-adapted pest for turfgrass, damaging turfgrass leaf only in warmer conditions.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2010

한국잔디류중 엽폭이 3~4 mm 정도를 보이는 중지류는 최근에 국내에서 가장 널리 이용되고 있는 잔디이다. 본 연구에서는 한국잔디류 중 중엽형 36 계통과 기본 5종의 근연관계를 확인해 보고자 RAPD 방법을 사용하였다. 형태적 특성조사는 엽폭, 잎각도, 최하위 잎의 잎집 길이, 엽모, 지상포복경의 색 등을 조사하였다. 여덟개의 프라이머를 이용하여 19개의 RAPD 마커를 확인하였다. 마커를 이용하여 유전적 유사도를 조사한 결과 0~0.736의 유전적 변이정도가 확인되었다. RAPD 마커를 이용하여 분류한 결과 3개 군으로 나뉘어 졌다. 제1군에는 들잔디와 함께 미국에서 육성된 'Zenith', 'Meyer'등이 포함되었다. 제2군에는 갯잔디, 왕잔디와 함께 '안양중지', '삼덕중지', '평동중지' 등이 포함되었다. 그리고 제3군은 제1군, 제2군과 비교해 유전적으로 거리가 멀게 나타났으며, 금잔디와 비단잔디가 포함되었다. 한국에서 주로 이용되고 있는 '안양중지', '삼덕중지', 그리고 '평동중지' 류는 갯잔디 및 왕잔디와 유전적 유사도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2003

The need for insect and mite resistant turfgrass cultivars arose because of problems associated with pesticide use. Representative cultivars and genotypes of 18 warm-season turfgrass [Zoysia japonica Steud., Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybrids, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifotia hybrids, Z. matrella (L.) Merr., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., C. dactylon${\times}$C. transvallensis hybrids, Paspalum notatum Flugge., P. vaginatum Swartz., Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) and Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] and 20 cool-season turfgrasses [Poa pratensis L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. rubra L., F. rubra var. commutata Gaud., F. ovina var. duriuscula L. Koch. Agrostis tenuis Sibth., A. palustris Huds., and Latium perenne L.] were evaluated for host resistance to feeding by the Spodoptera depravata (Butler) in the laboratory. Two experiments were set up in the laboratory using 8.5cm diameter${\times}$4.0cm deep plastic petri dishes as larvae feeding chambers. In experiment 1, one neonate larvae were place on the grass in each dish and the dishes were arranged with 5 replicates each within an environmental chamber maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ and 15h light: 9h dark Larval survival and larval weights at 7d and 14d, pupal weights, and days to pupation were compared among turfgrasses. In Experiment 2, 4cm sections of all grasses were oriented equidistant from each other in a pattern resembling the spokes of a wheel. Five one neonate larvae were introduced to the center of each dish. Dishes were immediately placed in an environmental chamber held at $25^{\circ}C$, 15h light: 9h dark Larvae were allowed to feed for 24h. Damage was rated from 0(no damage) to 9(completely consumed) were made for eachturfgrass. Resistance as antibiosis (high mortality, slowed growth, and least preference) was identified in Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifolia hybirids ‘Emerald’, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybirds ‘Miyako’ and Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.). Cool-season turfgrasses tested were susceptible to feeding by Spodoptera depravata (Butler).

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2017

Zoysiagrass has been used in Korea as a native grass. Informations on distributions, classifications, breeding efforts and outputs, current production and uses of zoysiagrasses in Korea are summarized. During past a few decades, collection of naturally growing zoysiagrass ecotypes has been continued, followed by evaluation, selection and cross-pollination. Classification efforts using important morphological, biochemical traits and DNA polymorphisms resulted in the several suggestions of grouping zoysiagrass species and varieties. Zoysia japonica consistently form separate group, while Zoysia sinica and Zoysia macrostackya have been separately or inter-mixed. Z. matrella with some variations frequently grouped separately but with some similarity with Z. tenuifolia, which was recently renamed as Z. pacifica. Hybrid types of zoysiagrasses were frequently found in Korea. New varieties such as 'Kunhee' and 'Green Ever' etc. were bred by ecotype selections, while 'Senock', 'Semil', 'Millock' were bred through pollination. Molecular approaches were also used to introduce beneficial genes into zoysiagrasses with no practical outputs by legal regulations. Currently popular varieties are inter-specific hybrid types such as 'Anyang' and other local zoysiagrasses as well as common zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) Production area in Korea was estimated as 2,947 ha with increasing problems of mixed or contaminated species and varieties.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.311-320
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• 1997

This study was carried out to induce and maintain callus from 59 zoysiagrass lines, to know the effective disinfestation method for zoysiagrass stolon as explant and the difference in the response of callus induction among 59 lines, and to investigate the effect of medium, growth regulators, light, temperature, stolon part and internode position on callus induction and emhryogenic callus(E.C.) formation. The treatment of 0.lmg/L $HgCl_2$for 15 min resulted in no contamination and the highest callus induction(46.6%). Callus was induced from the 59 zoysiagrass lines. The callus growth of Z. japonica and Z. sinica was generally better than Z. matrella Ten cell lines whose callus and stolon grow fast in culture and in field, respectively were selected to he used for breeding. Callus induction was the most effective at 2.0mg /L of both 2, 4-D and picloram in MS medium. MS medium was the best for callus induction and growth while LS medium was the best for embryogenic callus and shoot formation. Callus induction and growth was better at 28, 31$^{\circ}C$. than 25$^{\circ}C$. and dark condition was better than light condition in MS me-dium containing 2mg/L 2,4-D. While callus induction was better with node part as explant than with internode part, callus growth and embryogenic callus formation was better with internode part. In 'Japonica 1', the first internode was the most effective in callus induction, but third internode was the best in '$M_2$ X $S_2$'.