• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2007

This paper addresses a new type of broad and stage-based hybrid carbon fiber reinforced polymer (HCFRP) sensor that is suitable for the sensing of infrastructures. The HCFRP sensors, a type of composite sensor, are fabricated with three types of carbon tows of different strength and moduli. For all of the specimens, the active materials are carbon tows by virtue of their electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity. The measurement principles are based on the micro- and macro-fractures of different types of carbon tows. A series of experiments are carried out to investigate the sensing performances of the HCFRP sensors. The main variables include the stack order and volume fractions of different types of carbon tows. It is shown that the change in electrical resistance is in direct proportion to the strain/load in low strain ranges. However, the fractional change in electrical resistance (${\Delta}R/R_0$) is smaller than 2% prior to the macrofractures of carbon tows. In order to improve the resistance changes, measures are taken that can enhance the values of ${\Delta}R/R_0$ by more than 2 times during low strain ranges. In high strain ranges, the electrical resistance changes markedly with strain/load in a step-wise manner due to the gradual ruptures of different types of carbon tows at different strain amplitudes. The values of ${\Delta}R/R_0$ due to the fracture of high modulus carbon tows are larger than 36%. Thus, it is demonstrated that the HCFRP sensors have a broad and stage-based sensing capability.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.248-252
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• 2005

The effects of electric field strength and mechanical compressive stress on the displacement of multilayered ceramic actuator, stacked alternatively 0.2 (PbM $n_{1}$3/N $b_{2}$3/ $O_3$)-0.8(PbZ $r_{0.475}$ $Ti_{0.525}$ $O_3$) ceramic thin films and 70Ag-30Pd electrodes were investigated. Because the actuators were designed to stack ceramic layer and electrode layer alternatively, the ceramic-electrode interfaces may act as a resistance to motion of domain wall. so the polarization and strain were affected by the amount of 180$^{\circ}$domain, electric field strength and mechanical compressive stress. Consequently, the change of polarization, displacement with respect to field strength, and mechanical compressive stress were likely to be caused by readiness of the domain wall movement around the ceramic-electrode interfaces.ces.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2000

We have investigated the Josephson vortex dynamics in $Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O{8+\delta}$ intrinsic Josephson junctions subjected to a magnetic field parallel to $CuO_2$ planes. We investigated mesas with $40\times40{\mu}m^2$ in size and containing 6 and 20. intrinsic junctions. The zero field I-V characteristics exhibited a typical hysteretic, multi-branched nature of the intrinsic Josephson effect. At high magnetic fields (H>1.5 T), I-V characteristics showed flux flow steps. The Swihart velocity obtained from this observation was about $4.2\times10^5$ m/s, which was the lowest mode electromagnetic wave velocity of N coupled stack. The experimental I-V curves fitted well into the simple model of Cherenkov radiation including Ohmic and non-linear dissipation terms. This suggests that the dissipation mechanism of Josephson vortex be due to both Cherenkov radiation and quasiparticle tunneling current.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2023

1970년대 산업화에 따른 플랜트 구조물이 노후화됨에 따라 구조적 기능을 상실해 발파 해체 공법을 활용한 해체 철거 수요가 증가하고 있다. 발파 해체공법은 기계식 해체공법에 비해 해체 공기가 짧아 환경공해 발생 노출 시간을 최소화할 수 있지만 잘못된 발파 설계 및 시공 계획에 따른 붕괴거동의 실패는 안전성에 매우 큰 위험을 유발한다. 따라서 붕괴거동 모사를 통해 최적의 발파 해체 조건과 이에 따른 영향을 고려하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 Finite element method (FEM)와 Discrete element method (DEM)의 장점을 활용해 구축된 3-D Combined finite discrete element method (FDEM) 코드 기반 3-D DFPA 를 적용해 (구)서천화력발전소의 연돌 구조물에 대한 해체 모사를 수행하였으며 실제 구조물의 연돌 구조물 발파해체의 붕괴거동과 비교 분석하였다. 수치 모사 결과, 실제 구조물과 붕괴 거동 및 붕괴 완료 시간이 동일하게 나타났다. 또한, 발파구간 개구부 상부에 위치한 후드부의 크기가 연돌의 붕괴거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 후드부의 면적을 조정하여 해체 모사를 수행하고 균열 발생 양상 및 z-방향 변위 곡선을 통해 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 후드부의 면적이 증가함에 따라 하중을 지지하는 면적이 줄어들고 그에 따른 균열 발생 증가 및 전도 시간 감소를 확인하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제51권
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• pp.4.1-4.12
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• 2021

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique to visualize specific DNA/RNA sequences within the cell nuclei and provide the presence, location and structural integrity of genes on chromosomes. A confocal Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) scanner technology has superior depth resolution compared to wide-field fluorescence imaging. Confocal WSI has the ability to perform serial optical sections with specimen imaging, which is critical for 3D tissue reconstruction for volumetric spatial analysis. The standard clinical manual scoring for FISH is labor-intensive, time-consuming and subjective. Application of multi-gene FISH analysis alongside 3D imaging, significantly increase the level of complexity required for an accurate 3D analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish automated 3D FISH scoring for z-stack images from confocal WSI scanner. The algorithm and the application we developed, SHIMARIS PAFQ, successfully employs 3D calculations for clear individual cell nuclei segmentation, gene signals detection and distribution of break-apart probes signal patterns, including standard break-apart, and variant patterns due to truncation, and deletion, etc. The analysis was accurate and precise when compared with ground truth clinical manual counting and scoring reported in ten lymphoma and solid tumors cases. The algorithm and the application we developed, SHIMARIS PAFQ, is objective and more efficient than the conventional procedure. It enables the automated counting of more nuclei, precisely detecting additional abnormal signal variations in nuclei patterns and analyzes gigabyte multi-layer stacking imaging data of tissue samples from patients. Currently, we are developing a deep learning algorithm for automated tumor area detection to be integrated with SHIMARIS PAFQ.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.8-19
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• 1996

콜레스테롤 메틸카보네이트와 프로필카보네이트의 결정구조를 X-선 회절법으로 연구하였다. 이 결정들은 단사정계이고 공간군은 P21이다. 회절반점들의 세기는 흑연 단색화 장치가 있는 Enraf-Nonius CAD-4 X-선 회절계로 얻었으며, Cu-Kα X-선(λ=1.5418Å)을 사용하였다. 콜레스테롤 메틸카보네이트의 단위세포 길이 a=17.014(1), b=7.682(1), c=10.612(1)Å이며, β=103.05(1)°, Z=2이다. 한편 콜레스테롤 프로필카보네이트의 단위세포길이는 a=13.683(1), b=11.864(2), c=18.904(2)Å이며, β=106.30(1)°, Z=4이다. 분자구조들은 직접법으로 풀었으며 최소자승법으로 정밀화하였다. 최종신뢰도 R값은 메틸카보네이트는 2323개의 회절반점에 대하여 0.051이고, 프로필카보네이트는 3323개의 회절반점에 대하여 0.074이다. 이들 화합물들의 콜레스테롤부분의 분자구조들은 다른 관련 화합물에서 밝혀진 구조와 잘 일치하고 있다. 이의 두 화합물을 포함하여 콜레스테롤 카보네이트들의 결정구조들은 단분자층을 이루면서 쌓여 있어서 독특한 결정구조를 보여주며 같은 계열의 알킬 카보네이트들과 일련의 유사한 결정구조의 구룹들을 보여준다. 콜레스테롤 메틸카보네이트 분자들은 monolayer를 이루면서 쌓여있으며, monolayer 중심부에서는 cholesteryl-C(17) side chain 상호작용이 강하며 layer 사이에는 카보네이트사슬들이 느슨하게 모여있다. 프로필카보네이트 결정에서는 두 개의 결정학적으로 독립된 분자들(A and B)이 있다. A분자들간의 cholesterol-cholesterol상호작용과 B분자들간의 cholesteryl-C(17) side chain 상호작용들이 layer의 중심부에서 일어나며, 이들 분자들은 나사축 방향을 따라서 쌓여있다. 콜레스테롤 카보네이트의 구조들은 액체결정 상태의 특질을 가지고 있고, 이런 성질들을 결정구조와 관련하여 논의하였다.