• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.341-349
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• 2019

Background: A self-assessment questionnaire, the GERD-Questionnaire (GERD-Q) was used to determine the prevalence of GERD in adolescents, describe the related factors, and determine the impact on quality of life (QoL). Methods: The incidence of GERD was evaluated using the GERD-Q in adolescents aged 12-18 years. The Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptom Questionnaire and Quality of Life Questionnaire (PGSQ-A) for adolescents were additionally administered. Some factors considered related to GERD were also evaluated. Results: The 520 adolescents were included. The prevalence of suspected GERD, according to a GERD-Q cutoff score of ${\geq}7$ was 32.9%, and those drinking soda were 1.7 times more likely to have GERD (95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.2; p<0.001). However, soda consumption was not a risk factor for development of GERD symptoms. Applying a cutoff score of ${\geq}8$, only 10.9% of the participants had a positive GERD score, but the association with soda consumption persisted. The median PGSQ-A score in subjects suspected of GERD was 8 (range 0-37) on weekends and 1 (range 0-17) during weekdays (p<0.001) compared to those not suspected of GERD, with a median of 2 (range 0-27) during weekends and 0 (range 0-10) during weekdays. Heartburn, regurgitation, and extraesophageal symptoms correlated significantly with QoL (p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of suspected GERD in adolescents was 32.9% or 10.9%, depending on the cutoff score used. There was a statistically significant difference in PGSQ-A scores between the subjects suspected or not of GERD, indicating an impaired QoL.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of thread-embedding therapy for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. There were 20 patients treated with thread-embedding therapy at various acupoints on the muscles around the knee. Gender, age, location, morbidity period, numeric rating scale (NRS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) index, improvement result, side effects, and patient's satisfaction were investigated. After the treatment, the NRS score (z = -4.07, p < 0.001) and WOMAC (p < 0.001) indices decreased in most patients. The NRS score decreased by more than 2 points in 95% of the patients. The WOMAC index decreased by 6-12 points. There were no serious side effects, although bruising, pain, and edema were observed. Overall, 85% of the patients felt satisfied with the thread-embedding therapy. These findings suggested that thread-embedding therapy was effective and may be used widely for knee osteoarthritis.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06d
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• pp.275-278
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• 2002

Sharpness enhancement, which strengthen the edge(high frequency) of image, is widely studied for image processing research area. In this paper, psychophysical experiment is conducted by the 20 observers with simple linear unsharp masking for sharpness enhancement. The experimental results extracted using z-score analysis and linear regression suggests observer preferable sharpness enhancement method for digital television.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.735-742
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• 2019

Drought is a social phenomenon in which the degree of perception varies depending on the affected factors, and is defined as various relative concepts such as meteorological drought, hydrological drought, agricultural drought, and climatological drought. In this study, a comparative analysis of meteorological drought among variously defined droughts was conducted and the applicability of the drought index was examined by comparing the actual drought cases and the results of meteorological drought index analysis. In order to compare the drought index, we used standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), China-Z Index (CZI), Modified CZI (MCZI) and Z-Score Index Respectively. Four drought indices were used for the Taebaek and Sokcho areas. The drought index was analyzed using the meteorological data from 1986 to 2015 for a duration of 3 months. As a result of the analysis, the SPI drought index was analyzed to be highly reproducible for the case of drought with past limited water series. In the case of CZI and MCZI drought indices, the number of extreme dry occurrences is similar to that of the past cases, but the reproducibility is low for the actual drought years. In the case of ZSI drought index, it is analyzed that the number of occurrences and the comparison with the past cases are inferior in reproducibility. For the meteorological drought index using precipitation, it would be effective to use the SPI drought index with the highest reproducibility and the past drought case.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.326-335
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• 2016

Purpose: It is crucial to provide adequate enteral nutrition for postoperative recovery, wound healing and normal growth in infants in pediatric cardiac ICUs. This study was done to develop a feeding protocol using the vaso-active inotropic (VAI) score and to evaluate the impact of nutritional outcomes following the new feeding protocol for infants who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods: This study consisted of three phases. First, a feeding protocol was developed based on a literature review. Second, ten experts rated the content validity. Third, a comparison study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the new feeding protocol. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: Twenty-nine infants were enrolled in the pre-protocol group, and 22 infants in the post-protocol group. Patients in the 2 groups were similar. Time to reach feeding goal was significantly decreased from 56.0 (27-210) hours to 28.5 (10-496) hours in the post-protocol group (Z=-4.22, p<.001). Level of enteral feeding knowledge among nurses increased significantly after implementation of the protocol. Conclusion: The feeding protocol using VAI score facilitates the achievement feeding goal to decrease feeding interruptions and help nurses in their practice. Larger studies are necessary to examine clinical outcomes following the implementation of this feeding protocol.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2001

To evaluate the effect of informational support by hospice team on family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients, 22 family caregivers of D University Hospital in Daegu city were participated. The research was conducted from Aug. 16th to Oct. 28th 2000 by using self-reported questionnaires. The instruments used in this study were the Weinert's scale of perceived social support, Spielberger's state anxiety inventory, CES-D, and Ellison and Paloutzian's spiritual well-being scale. The intervention was designed to give educational and counselling program up to 7 times within 4 weeks. Educational and counselling booklets which made by the researcher were used step by step by hospice team. The data were analysed frequency, percentage, Wilcoxon Singed Ranks Test Test with SPSS Win 10.0/PC. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1.The perceived social support of family caregivers was significantly increased after ready planned informational support was applied by hospice team(z=-3.045, p=0.002). 2.The anxiety of family caregivers was significantly reduced after ready planned informational support was applied by hospice team(z=-3.348, p=0.001). 3.The depression of family caregivers was significantly reduced after ready planned informational support was applied by hospice team(z=-3.641, p=0.000). 4.The spiritual well-being score of family caregivers was not significantly improved after ready planned informational support was applied by hospice team(z=-0.422, p=0.673). In conclusion, the results of this study clearly suggests that the informational support provided by hospice team not only increased the family caregivers' who are caring for terminally ill cancer patients. Therefor the informational support program designed by researcher for family caregivers who are caring for terminally ill cancer patients should be utilized and expended.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.938-950
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• 2008

This study was to investigate if there were any significant relationships between cultural destination selection attributes and travel satisfaction according to segmented groups of cultural destination attributes. Survey questionnaire was developed based on the previous study and data were collected from on site survey, which was one of the famous cultural tourism destination in Korea such as Booyoe and Kongjoo. Six dimensions of cultural destination attributes were identified from factor analysis and three different segmented groups were determined from cluster analysis. Then, Multiple regression analysis conducted with six destination attributes as independent variables and one travel satisfaction as dependent variable, while Fisher's Z score for three segmented groups were considered as moderator's variable. The results showed that cultural destination attribute affected respondents' level of travel satisfaction and there was differences among segmented groups in terms of their affecting factors to the travel satisfaction. These findings suggested that there were different segmented groups of cultural destination selection attributes and each group pursued different cultural travel products and services.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.697-708
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to develop, implement, and evaluate an e-learning education program for improving practical knowledge and preventing nursing errors and adverse events of nurses working in the operating room (OR). Method: The e-learning program was developed and evaluated according to the following processes: 1) preparation phase 2) implementation phase 3) evaluation phase. In evaluation phase, the effectiveness was analyzed based on the Kirkpatrick's model. Results: The e-learning program consisted of OR basic nursing skills and techniques and nursing activities' manual based on the categories of nursing errors: surgical operation preparation, nursing skills and techniques, environment management, patient safety and comfort, and patient monitoring. The program was provided through on-line, http://cafe.daum.net/pnuhorn, for 4 weeks. The mean score(percent) of participants' satisfaction was $21.24{\pm}1.71$(68.2%). Their total knowledge level was significantly improved(Z=-3.00, p=.003) and specifically in the category of environment management(Z=-3.77, p<.001) and patient monitoring(Z=-2.46, p=.014). The occurrence of nursing errors or adverse events was a little decreased, but not statistically significant(Z=-3.10, p=.756). Conclusion: E-learning for nurses is one way of effective and efficient teaching-learning strategies. For better e-learning, it is important to develop the vital content of the education and objective measures for detecting nursing errors and adverse events.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.175-186
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• 2001

To evaluate the effect of informational support by hospice team on family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients. 22 family caregivers of D University Hospital in Daegu city were participated. The research was conducted from Aug. 16th to Oct. 28th 2000 by using self-reported questionnaires. The instruments used in this study were the Weinert's scale of perceived social support. Spielberger's state anxiety inventory. CES-D. and Ellison and Paloutzian's spiritual well-being scale. The intervention was designed to give educational and counselling program up to 7 times within 4 weeks. Educational and counselling booklets which made by the researcher were used step by step by hospice team, he data were analysed frequency. percentage. Wilcoxon Singed Ranks Test with SPSS Win l0.0/PC. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. The perceived social support of family caregivers was significantly increased after ready planned informational support was applied by hospice team(z=-3.045. p=0.002). 2. The anxiety of family caregivers was significantly reduced after ready planned informational support was applied by hospice team(z =-3:348. p=0.001). 3. The depression of family caregivers was significantly reduced after ready planned informational support was applied by hospice team(z=-3.641. p=0.000). 4. The spiritual well-being score of family caregivers was not significantly improved after ready planned informational support was applied by hospice team(z=-0.422. p=0.673). In conclusion. the results of this study clearly suggests that the informational support provided by hospice team not only increased the family caregivers' who are caring for terminally ill cancer patients. Therefor the informational support program designed by researcher for family caregivers who are caring for terminally ill cancer patients should be utilized and expended.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.163-164
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• 2019

In this study, we compared the differences between groups in a model that investigates the effect of smartphone users on the intent to use continuously. There are various methodologies for group difference analysis, but in this study, we try to verify the size comparison of regression analysis $R^2$. In order to analyze the difference between groups, we try to prove through hypothesis test whether there is a meaningful difference in the intention of continuous use of Korean and Chinese smartphone users collected through previous research. The results of the analysis are useful as a method to determine whether smartphone users in China and Korea are aware of differences or not. According to this procedure, first, the formula for calculating Z-transformation of Fisher and Z-score test statistic calculation formula were used. However, this methodology is also used in the verification of control effect using correlation coefficient. Also, the theoretical implications are presented based on the analysis results.