Kim, Eun-Bin;Choi, Yun-Young;Kim, Sung-Soo S.;Park, Chang-Bum
The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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v.37
no.1
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pp.49.2-49.2
/
2012
We present an investigation of X-ray hot gas halo in 12 isolated early-type galaxies from cross-matched sample of XMM-Newton and SDSS DR 7(0.025 < z < 0.08588 and Mr <-19.5). Isolated galaxies that the separation between galaxy and the closest neighbor is farther than its virial radius are not affected by environments, and their X-ray hot gas halo can be studied without contribution of intragalactic medium in all circumstances. We find that isolated galaxies in low density have correlation of $L_X-L_R$ and those in high density have no trend. This suggests that internal process is much effective in low density and environmental effects play important role of this relationship in high density. We also find the galaxies affected by environments in the large scale structure. In this paper, we report preliminary results for the study.
1. On the basis of the samples collected on the eastern coast of Koje-Do from May to September, 1969, studies have been made on the growth and the relationships between the carapace length and the body length, and between the carapace length and the body weight of Penaeus japonicus Bate. 2. The mean carapace length of P. japonicus was 51mm in May, 57mm in June, 47mm in July and 50mm in September respectively. 3. As a result of the present studies two populations of P. japonicus exist in waters around Koje-Do, namely the spring and fall spawning populations. 4. The relationship between the carapace length ($\iota$) and the body length(L) and between the carapace length and the body weight (W) are indicated by the following equations: May $$L=2.6544{\iota}+3.1258$$$$W=1.892{\iota}^{1.9844}$$ June $$L=2.8659{\iota}+2.1796$$$$W=1.082{\iota}^{2.4323}$$ July $$L=2.5840{\iota}+3.3090$$$$W=1.290{\iota}^{2.3094}$$ September $$L=2.4234{\iota}+4.5775$$$$W=1.599{\iota}^{2.1857}$$ 5. With regard to the relationships between the carapace length and the body length and between the carapace length and the body weight there is no significant difference between the populations spawning in June and September. 6. The relationships between the carapace length ($\iota$) and the body length (L) and between the carapace length and the body weight (W) for the samples cultured at three different localities are indicated by the following equations: Koje-do $$L=3.7738{\iota}+0.0805\;(r=0.934)$$$$W=0.4690{\iota}^{3.0713}$$ Oma-do $$L=2.993{\iota}+1.6455\;(r=0.990)$$$$W=0.6328{\iota}^{2.6579}$$ Kumdang-do $$L=3.2749{\iota}+0.9055\;(r=0.983)$$$$W=0.5768{\iota}^{2.8076}$$ 7. During the larval stages the relationship between the body length (L) and the rearing day (D) is indicated by the following equations: Zoeal stages (1-3) L=0.1279D+0.2686 (r=0.979) Mysis (1) - Post larva (6) L=0.1697D+0.5634 (r=0.994) Post-larvs (7) - Post larvs (21) L=0.1344D+1.9501 (r=0.978)
Kim, Jae-Hyung;Kim, Soo-Hong;Baik, Sung-Wan;Jeon, Gye-Rok
Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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v.19
no.7
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pp.1146-1153
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2016
The bioelectrical impedance (BI) at the inner forearms was measured using bioelectrical impedance measurement system (BIMS), which employs the multi-frequency and the two-electrode method. Experiments were performed as follows. First, while applying a constant alternating current of 800A to the inner region of the forearms, BI (Z) was measured at nineteen frequencies ranging from 5 to 500 kHz. The prediction marker (PM) was calculated for right and left forearm. The resistance (R) and the reactance (Xc) were simultaneously measured during impedance measurement. Second, a Cole-Cole plot (relationship between reactance and resistance) was obtained for left and right forearm, indicating the different characteristic frequencies (fc). Third, the phase angle was obtained, indicating strong dependence on the applied frequency.
Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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v.18
no.6
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pp.73-83
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2015
The objective of this study is to establish implications for forest restoration planning in North Korea by analyzing spatio-temporal forest changes and detecting bio-physical factors driving forest degraded. We measured the relationship and spatial distribution between shifting cultivation and sparse forest. We also analyzed between degraded forest land and ecological variables by binary logistic regression to find biophysical drivers of forest degradation and deforestation in North Korea. Between the sparse forest and the shifting cultivation, a positive relationship is found (r=0.91) and scattered discontinuously throughout the country (Moran's I = -1, Z score = -13.46 (p=0.000)). The sparse forest showed a negative relationship with the warmest month(bio 9), the coldest month(bio10), and the minimum of soil water contents (swc_min), while the shifting cultivation had a negative relationship with the warmest month(bio 9) and the minimum of soil water contents(swc_min). However, the most critical drivers convert forests into sloping farmland were the three months rainfall in summer(bio8) and the yearly mean of soil water contents. Such results reflect the growth period of crops which overlaps with the rainy season in North Korea and the recent land reclamation of uplands where the soil water contents are maintained with a dense forest. When South Korea aids forest restoration projects in North Korea, in consideration of food shortage due to North Korea's cropland deficiency, terrace farmlands where soil water contents can be maintained should be excluded from the priority restoration area. In addition, an evaluation method for selecting a potential restoration area must be modified and applied based on multiple criteria including altitude and socio-economic factors in the respective regions.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the mediating effect of psychological distress in the relationship between chemotherapy related cognitive impairment (CRCI) and quality of life (QOL) in people with cancer. Methods: A purposive sample of 130 patients undergoing chemotherapy was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from November 2014 to June 2015. The instruments were K-MMSE (Korean Mini-Mental State Examination), Everyday Cognition (ECog), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression using Baron and Kenny steps for mediation. Results: The mean score for objective cognitive function was 27.95 and 69.32 for perceived cognitive decline. Overall quality of life was 91.74. The mean score was 17.52 for psychological distress. The prevalence was 56.2% for anxiety and 63.1% for depression, and 20.0% for CRCI. There were significant correlations among the variables, objective cognitive function and self-reported cognitive decline, psychological distress, and quality of life. Psychological distress was directly affected by CRCI. ($R^2=29%$). QOL was directly affected by CRCI. Psychological distress and CRCI effected QOL ($R^2=43%$). Psychological distress had a partial mediating effect (${\beta}=-.56$, p <.001) in the relationship between self-reported cognitive decline and quality of life (Sobel test: Z= -5.08, p <.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, nursing intervention programs focusing on managing cognitive decline, and decreasing psychological distress are highly recommended to improve quality of life in cancer patients.
This study was carried out to assess the seasonal variation of water quality and the effect of pollutant loading from watershed in a shallow eutrophic reservoir (Shingu reservoir) from November 2002 to February 2004, Stable thermocline which was greater than $1^{\circ}C$ per meter of the water depth formed in May, and low DO concentration (< 2 mg $O_2\;L^{-1}$) was observed in the hypolimnion from May to September, 2003. The ratio of euphotic depth to mixing depth ($Z_{eu}/Z_{m}$) ranged 0.2 ${\sim}$ 1.1, and the depth of the mixed layer exceeded that of the photic layer during study period, except for May when $Z_{eu}$ and $Z_{m}$ were 4 and 4.3 m, respectively. Most of total nitrogen, ranged 1.1 ${\sim}$ 4.5 ${\mu}g\;N\;L^{-1}$, accounted for inorganic nitrogen (Avg, 58.7%), and sharp increase of $NH_3$-N Hand $NO_3$-N was evident during the spring season. TP concentration in the water column ranged 43.9 ${\sim}$ 126.5 ${\mu}g\;P\;L^{-1}$, and the most of TP in the water column accounted for POP (Avg. 80%). During the study period, DIP concentration in the water column was &;lt 10 ${\mu}g\;P\;L^{-1}$ except for July and August when DIP concentration in the hypolimnion was 22.3 and 56.7 ${\mu}g\;P\;L^{-1}$, respectively. Increase of Chl. a concentration observed in July (99 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) and November 2003 (109 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) when P loading through two inflows was high, and showed close relationship with TP concentration (r = 0.55, P< 0.008, n = 22). Mean Chl. a concentration ranged from 13.5 to 84.5 mg $L^{-1}$ in the water column, and the lowest and highest concentration was observed in February 2004 (13.5 ${\pm}$ 1.0 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) and November 2003 (84.5 ${\pm}$29.0 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), respectively. TP concentration in inflow water increased with discharge (r = 0.69, P< 0.001), 40.5% of annual total P loading introduced in 25 July when there was heavy rainfall. Annual total P loading from watershed was 159.0 kg P $yr^{-1}$, and that of DIP loading was 126.3 kg P $yr^{-1}$ (77.7% of TP loading. The loading of TN (5.0ton yr-1) was 30 times higher than that of TP loading (159.0 kg P yr-1), and the 78% of TN was in the form of non-organic nitrogen, 3.9 ton $yr^{-1}$ in mass. P loading in Shingu reservoir was 1.6 g ${\cdot}$$m^{-2}$${\cdot}$$yr^{-1}$, which passed the excessive critical loading of Vollenweider-OECD critical loading model. The results of this study indicated that P loading from watershed was the major factor to cause eutrophication and temporal variation of water quality in Shingu reservoir Decrease by 71% in TP loading (159 kg $yr^{-1}$) is necessary for the improvement of mesotrophic level. The management of sediment where tine anaerobic condition was evident in summer, thus, the possibility of P release that can be utilized by existing algae, may also be considered.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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v.22
no.6
/
pp.226-236
/
2021
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social support on suicidal ideation among the elderly at welfare centers through the mediating effect of avoidance coping style. This is a descriptive research survey of 392 elderly people at four elderly welfare centers located in G city. Data were collected from October 21 to November 8, 2019, and analyzed using the IBM SPSS/win 26.0 program by t-test, ANOVA, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient. The mediating effect was analyzed by multiple regression analysis according to Baron and Kenny's 3-step analysis procedure. Social support of the subjects was found to be high with an average score of 5.73±1.23, avoidance coping style with 12.53±3.47 points, and suicidal ideations with 6.21±2.06 points. In the correlation between the variables, suicidal ideations were negatively correlated with social support (r=-.146, p=.004) and avoidance coping style (r=.315, p<.001), and these correlations were statistically significant. There was a positive correlation. The avoidance coping style of the elderly using the welfare centers was found to partially mediate the relationship between social support and suicidal ideation (Z=-.270, p<.001). Therefore, to prevent negative emotions such as suicidal ideations in the elderly, various policies and support programs at the local and government level should be continuously implemented.
Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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2006.05a
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pp.643-646
/
2006
An operational calibration is applied to improve radar rainfall intensity using rainfall obtained from rain gauge. The method is applied under the assumption of the temporal continuity of rainfall, the rainfall intensity from rain gauge is linearly related to that from radar. The method is applied to the cases of typhoon and rain band using the reflectivity of CAPPI at 1.5km obtained from Jindo radar. The CAPPI is obtained by bilinear interpolation. For the two cases, the rainfall intensities obtained by operational calibration are very consistent with the ones by the rain gauges. The present study shows that the correlation between the rainfall intensity by operational calibration and rain gauges is better than the one between the rainfall intensity by M-P relationship and rain gauges. The correlation coefficients between the total rainfall intensity obtained by operational calibration and rain gauges in typhoon and rain band cases are 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. Areal rainfalls are estimated using the field of calibration factor interpolated by Barnes objective analysis. The method applied here shows an improvement in the areal rainfall estimation. For the cases of typhoon and rain band, the correlation between the areal rainfall by operational calibration and rain gauges is better than the one between the area rainfall by M-P relationship and rain gauges. The correlation coefficients between the areal rainfall obtained by operational calibration and rain gauges in typhoon and rain band cases are 0.97 and 0.84, respectively. The present study suggests that the operational calibration is very useful for the real-time estimation of rainfall intensity and areal rainfall.
Objective: To investigate the correlation between ERCC1 expression levels in tumor tissue and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with gastric cancer and assess the relationship between PBL DNA repair rate (DRR) and the efficacy of platinum chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 53 patients with gastric cancer receiving surgery and 20 controls were studied. ERCC1 protein expression in tumour tissue and PBL were determined by immunohistochemical staining. The PBL DRRs of 47 advanced patients and 20 controls were estimated by comet assay. Results: The positive expression rates of ERCC1 were 67. 9%, 56. 6% and 10.0% in tumour tissues, PBLs of gastric cancer patients, and PBLs of the control group. PBL ERCC1 expression correlated with that in tissue (${\chi}^2$=15. 463, p=0.000). Pearson contingency coefficient=0.475). DRRs of cancer patients by tail length (TL) (Z=4. 662, p=0.000) and tail moment (TM) (Z=3. 827, p=0.000) were significantly lower than that of control group. When TL was applied as an indicator, the correlation between DRR and chemotherapy efficacy was significant (Spearman rank correlation r=0.327, p=0.032). Patients with low levels of DRR in PBL presented better short-term efficacy of chemotherapy than those with high levels of DRR. Conclusions: The ERCC1 expression in PBLs may indirectly reflect ERCC1 expression in gastric cancer tissues. Compared with non-cancer populations, patients with gastric cancer may have lower DNA repair capacity. DRR in PBL may predict the short-term efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Park, Ju Young;Woo, Chung Hee;Lee, Jung Hyuk;Kim, Jeong Min
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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v.24
no.2
/
pp.127-136
/
2018
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self-regulated learning ability of freshmen in nursing college on the learning persistence intention, and to determine if their learning motivation meditates the relationship between them. Methods: The study design was based on descriptive research. Data were collected from 146 nursing freshmen studying at a university in D city from June 5, 2017 to June 7, 2017. Results: There was a positive correlation among learning persistence intention, self-regulated learning ability (r=.57, p<.001) and learning motivation (r=.60, p<.001). Also, it was found that learning motivation was positively correlated with self-regulated learning ability (r=.79, p<.001). According to the Sobel test results, the learning motivation had a complete mediating effect (${\beta}=.39$, p<.001) between self-regulated learning ability and learning persistence intention (Z=3.63, p<.001). Conclusion: Therefore, this study suggests developing a learning motivation program to improve self-regulated learning ability and learning persistence intention of nursing students during their freshman year.
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