• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.28 no.12
• /
• pp.2539-2542
• /
• 2007

• The Microorganisms and Industry
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.4-8
• /
• 1986

DNA is a flexible molecule that adopts a variety of conformations. Left-handed helices have been demonstrated in synthetic DNA polymers (reviewed in Ref.1-2) and in segments of DNA restriction fragments (3) and recombinant plasmids (4-8). Other DNA conformations such as cruci forms and bent structures have also been demonstrated. Thus DNA micro heterogeneity has been demonstrated in a variety of systems (9-11). The role of the static and dynamic structures and properties of DNA in gene expression has been reviewed(1,12).

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2015

Objectives : Due to the morphological similarity of the pericarp and description of multi-species in National Pharmacopoeia of Korea and China, the Zanthoxylum Pericarpium is difficult to authenticate adulterant in species levels. Therefore, we introduced the sequence analysis of DNA barcode and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) to establish a reliable tool for the distinction of Zanthoxylum Pericarpium from its adulterants. Methods : To analyze DNA barcode region, genomic DNA was extracted from twenty-four specimens of authentic Zanthoxylum species and inauthentic adulterant and the individual internal transcribed spacer regions (rDNA-ITS and ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene were amplified using ITS1, ITS2-S2F, and ITS4 primer. For identification of species-specific sequences, a comparative analysis was performed using entire DNA barcode sequences. Results : In comparison of four Zanthoxylum ITS2 sequences, we identified 16, 4, 6, and 4 distinct species-specific nucleotides enough to distinguish Z. schinifolium, Z. bungeanum, Z. piperitum, and Z. simulans, respectively. The sequence differences were available genetic marker to discriminate four species. Futhermore, phylogenetic relationship revealed a clear classification between different Zanthoxylum species showing 4 different clusters. These results indicated that comparative analysis of ITS2 DNA barcode was an useful genetic marker to authenticate Zanthoxylum Pericarpium in species levels. Conclusions : The marker nucleotides, enough to distinguish Z. schinifolium, Z. piperitum, Z. bungeanum, and Z. simulans, were obtained at 30 SNP marker nucleotides from ITS2 sequences. These differences could be used to authenticate official Zanthoxylum Pericarpium from its adulterants as well as discriminating each four species.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.1430-1432
• /
• 2004

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2013

The superworm, as known the larva of Zophobas morio, has been officially imported from 2011 and bred commercially in Korea. But it is named as the corrected scientific name, Zophobas atratus by junior synonym throughout traditional taxonomy in this study and newly designated Korean name as 'a-me-ri-ca-wang-geo-jeo-ri' in terms of resource management. Z. atratus was compared with wild native tenebrionids, Promethis valgipes and a commercial reared Tenebrio molitor on the basis of DNA barcode analysis. As the results, the average genetic divergence was 21.4% between Z. atratus and P. valgipes, and 20.9% between Z. atratus and T. molitor. These large divergences imply these tenebrionids species can be easily identified by DNA barcodes. The results of genetic divergences within species also suggest that Korean populations of Z. atratus, having the same haplotype, might be introduced from the same area of foreign country. On the other hand, a population of T. molitor was separated into two distinct intra-specific groups with DNA barcoding gaps ranged from 1.17- 2.19%. We suppose that domestic breeding entities of T. molitor might be introduced and mixed from two different local groups. Through this study, we expect that classification for two tenebrionid introduced from foreign countries can be used for the management of insect resources in Korea.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.12-16
• /
• 1988

Allantoin 분해 유전자들중 highly inducible 한 DAL7, DUR1,2및 constitutive한 DAL5 gene의 promoter를 deletion 방법에 의해 발현에 필요한 최소 DNA seqyence 부위를 정한후 이 DNA seqyence를 다시 oligonucleotide 합성방법에 의해 합성하여 Cyc 1-LacZ expression vector에 삽입하여 효모내에서 LacZ의 발현이 삽입한 DNA sequence에 의해 영향을 받는 정도를 측정하여 (.betha.-galactosidase activity) deletion 방법에 의해 결정한 이 DNA dequence들이 직접 발현유도에 관여하는가를 조사하였다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.591-607
• /
• 2013

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the aquatic environment of an urban stream using various ecological parameters of biological biomarkers, physical habitat quality and chemical water quality and to develop a "Multimetric Eco-Model" ($M_m$-E Model) for the ecosystem evaluations. For the applications of the $M_m$-E model, three zones including the control zone ($C_Z$) of headwaters, transition zone ($T_Z$) of mid-stream and the impacted zone ($I_Z$) of downstream were designated and analyzed the seasonal variations of the model values. The biomarkers of DNA, based on the comet assay approach of single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), were analyzed using the blood samples of Zacco platypus as a target species, and the parameters were used tail moment, tail DNA(%) and tail length (${\mu}m$) in the bioassay. The damages of DNA were evident in the impacted zone, but not in the control zone. The condition factor ($C_F$) as key indicators of the population evaluation indicator was analyzed along with the weight-length relation and individual abnormality. The four metrics of Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) were added for the evaluations of physical habitat. In addition, the parameters of chemical water quality were used as eutrophic indicators of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and conductivity. Overall, our results suggested that attributes of biomarkers and bioindicators in the impacted zone ($I_Z$) had sensitive response largely to the chemical stress (eutrophic indicators) and also partially to physical habitat quality, compared to the those in the control zone.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.150-155
• /
• 1995

Carboxypeptidase Z(CPZ) cDNA of Absidia zychae was experssed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The expressed CPZ(YCPZ) was secreted about 30 mg/l into the medium and has a little higher molecular weight than the wild type CPZ in SDS-PAGE. By the result of N-terminal amino acid sequencing, YCPZ has additional 15 amino acids residues in N-terminus of CPZ. But YCPZ shows no difference with CPZ in enzyme activity and substrate specificity. For the identification of processing mechanism of YCPZ, 36-Arg was changed to 36-Thr by site specific mutagenesis. Mutant YCPZ does not processed at 36-Thr. It was, therefore, concluded that the YCPZ was processed by KEX2. According to endo F treatment, high amount of carbohydrate was N-glycosylated in YCPZ.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.1071-1074
• /
• 2006

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2009

Escherichia coli K-12 (E. coli K-12) is a representative indicator globally used for distinguishing and monitoring dynamic fates of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment. This study investigated how to most critically quantify lacZ ($\beta$-galactosidase) gene in E. coli K-12 by two different real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in association with three different DNA extraction practices. Three DNA extractions, i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/proteinase K, magnetic beads and guanidium thiocyanate (GTC)/silica matrix were each compared for extracting total genomic DNA from E. coli K-12. Among them, GTC/silica matrix and magnetic beads beating similarly worked out to have the highest (22-23 ng/${\mu}L$) concentration of DNA extracted, but employing SDS/proteinase K had the lowest (10 ng/${\mu}L$) concentration of DNA retrieved. There were no significant differences in the quantification of the copy numbers of lacZ gene between SYBR Green I qPCR and QProbe-qPCR. However, SYBR Green I qPCR obtained somewhat higher copy number as $1{\times}10^8$ copies. It was decided that GTC/silica matrix extraction or magnetic beads beating in combination with SYBR Green I qPCR can be preferably applied for more effectively quantifying specific gene from a pure culture of microorganism.