• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2012

This study was done to explore the effect of Korean women's salt usage behavior on their sodium intake and excretion according to aging. Dietary sodium intake and salt usage behavior were analyzed to compare the difference between young and middle-aged women. One hundred fifty six young women and 77 middle-aged women without hypertension or any current medication were recruited. Body mass index, waist hip ratio, blood pressure were measured from each subject. Salt usage behaviors were surveyed with questionnaire, sodium intake with 24-hr recall method, and sodium excretion with spot urine. Middle-aged women were more obese than young women according to body mass index and waist hip ratio. Blood pressure was significantly higher for the middle-aged. Young women consumed more fats and middle-aged women more carbohydrates. Middle-aged women consumed more sodium and potassium, and excreted more sodium. Among questionnaire items, kimchi, soup or pot stew, or salted vegetables were found to be related with high sodium diet. Salted vegetables and salted nuts and potato chips were significantly correlated with young women's high sodium diet, while soy sauce on fried food, kimchi, salted vegetables accounted for middle-aged women's high sodium diet. With these results, we concluded that middle-aged women consumed more carbohydrates, less fat, and more sodium and potassium than young women. Middle-aged women frequently choose kimchi, soup or pot stew, or salted vegetables, and they contribute to high sodium intake. We recommend to choose low-salt kimchi, less soup or pot stew, and more fresh vegetables for lower sodium diet.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the residential environment satisfaction of young women's one-person households and the characteristics of young one-person households, and to present policy implications for their housing problems. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used 11th Korea Financial Panel Data. Analysis methods in this study include basic statistical analysis, frequency analysis, multiple regression analysis, and artificial neural network analysis. Results: As a result of the analysis of this study, 1) young one-person households showed that women had higher ratios of non-regular workers, real estate debt than men, and lower average income. The percentage of young people owning their own homes was very low at about 5%. 2) For young women, the higher the education level and monthly consumption, the lower the housing satisfaction. 3) Young women living in rental housing had lower housing satisfaction than their own. Conclusions: Women are paying more for housing security than men in young one-person households. In addition, the proportion of their own houses is very low. Therefore, there is a need for a policy on the housing safety issue of young women's one-person households. And policies to support young one-person households to own their own homes are required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1495-1506
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• 2004

This study was attempted to clarify the characteristics of elderly women's foot shape by examining the various measurements of women over 60 years old as compared with those of women in twenties considered as reference group. The subjects were 321 elderly women and 181 young women. Their right feet were measured directly and indirectly by using scanner and digital camera. The anthropometric measurements were composed of 62 items. They were measured during the months of July and August in 2001. As a result of comparing actual measurements of foot between the two groups, it was found that the elderly women tended to have shorter and lower foot than those among the young women. Among the elderly women, in addition, it was revealed that many deformities related to toes or legs led to the toes concentrated to the central axis of feet resulting in relatively steeper lateral angle of toe, and the heels and legs slanting forwards. As a result of comparing index values of foot between the groups, the elderly women's foot had the relatively wide width and low height in comparison with the length, showing more elliptical flattening than those of the young women. And, the width of the inside was wider than that of the outside, and the toe width was relatively short in comparison with the foot width resulting in severe deformities on the toes or the central axis of foot. Therefore, it was found that there were several deformities including flat foot or deformed toes among elderly women. It is expected that the characteristics of elderly women's foot shown in the results mentioned above will be used as the basic data in designing the footwear for elderly women.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.248-253
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• 2019

Purpose: To improve pulmonary function and decrease in balance ability with increasing forward head position and vertebral curvature, we applied Figure-8 brace to confirm the immediate effect on vital capacity and balance and to see if it is applicable. Methods: A total of 34 elderly women aged 65 or older and young women in their 20s with FHP were screened to measure vital capacity, measuring the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), and measuring the foot pressure to see the change in balance. For statistical analysis, the difference between pre and post values was compared using pared t-test. Results: As a result of vital capacity measurements, there was no significant difference between FEV1 and FVC for women over 65 years old (p>0.05). Young women in their 20s had no significant difference in FEV1 (p>0.05), and FVC had significant differences (p<0.05). In measuring foot pressure to measure balance, both women aged 65 and above and young women in their 20s had a significant decrease in anterior foot pressure, and a significant increase in posterior foot pressure (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study did not positively affect the vital capacity of elderly women with FHP. However, the significant increase in vital capacity of young women in their 20s suggests that contraction of the abdominal muscle is necessary during forced expiration. Therefore, it is believed that proper application and therapeutic interventions should be combined when applying Figure-8 brace.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2018

This study was attempted to clarify differences in sizes and shapes of foot between 20's and 60-70's women and analyzed the characteristics of elderly women's foot shapes as compared with those of young. The 2D data were 101 elderly and 101 young women in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The results are as follows: Firstly, the foot length of the elderly was shorter than that of the young, the foot breadth and the heel width were widened, but the toes breadth became smaller and the deformity of the toe 1 and the first metatarsal part appeared. Secondly, in the Foot Index, there was a significant difference in age group, the young is more than the elderly in the narrow type, standard type, the elderly women showed more than three times the young in the wide type. Thirdly, in the factor analysis for the foot type classification, 'foot length' factors in both age groups were large. Next, young group were influenced by 'toes breadth', lateral ball breadth' factors, elderly group was influenced by the 'lateral ball breadth', 'medial ball breadth' factors. Lastly, in the cluster analysis of the elderly group, the types of sole were classified as W-Type(20.8%, wide foot and toes, large heel), H-type(20.8%, small toes breadth, heel), D-type(31.7%, long length and wide lateral ball) and A-Type(26.7%, which is found only in the elderly, small length and large toes angle). As a result, it is necessary to design the shoes that match the characteristics of the soles of the elderly women.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.202-208
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• 2020

This study is to help produce highly comfortable and wearable and footwear based on the establishment of basic data for manufacturing elderly footwear patterns and products. For this, a survey of 207 women in their 20s and 60-70s was conducted to identify the wearing of shoes, inconvenience areas, purchase practices and footwear preferences by age group. The results are as follows. First, the average age of the young female group was 22.5 years old, the elderly female group was 68.8 years old, and the average shoe size was 236.3 mm for the young female group and 238.3 mm for the elderly female group. Second, young women wore shoes for a longer time than elderly women, resulting in swollen and numb legs, hardened soles, uncomfortable toes and sore heels. However, elderly women felt more uncomfortable wearing footwear than young women. They suffered pain in the joint area, heal and toe areas as well as had more toe deformations due to aging. Third, all age groups preferred athletic shoes and loafers as well as purchases from footwear brand stores and department stores. The elderly spent more money on shoes, longer time to buy and valued the feeling of wearing, whereas the young considered design first. Fourth, both age groups prefer low-heels and natural leather, the young preferred to wear various types of shoes; however, the elderly are found to desire shoes that are comfortable and stable in both form and wearing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.2 s.92
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• pp.33-44
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• 2005

The purpose of this study Is to classify foot types of elderly women and young women and to suggest shoes size system by foot types for elderly women. The subjects were 321 elderly women and 181 young women. Their right feet were measured directly and indirectly by using scanner and digital camera. The anthropometric measurements were composed of 62 items. They were measured during the months of July and October in 2001 and November in 2002 The results and discussions of this study are as follows. First, in analyzing shape of the foot of elderly and young women, the shapes of foot were classified as N-type (high and narrow foot shape and wide toes), W-type (wider width for its length and severe alteration), L-type (low foot shape as oval). Second, the most characteristic foot type in elderly women was W-type. In this type, the width was wider for its length, the first metatarsophalangeal protrusion was severe and the toes were gathered at the center. On the other hand, young women belonged to N-type. Third, we suggested new size system of shoes for elderly women and the standard foot shape each type. The size system was based on foot length and foot types. Hopefully, understanding the shapes of foot and characteristics of each foot type will help to develop suitable shoes for elderly women.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide buying condition of women focusing on age groups and satisfaction with ready-to-wear and basic data in designing ready-to-wear for women. The questionnaire method was used and one-to-one interviews were held for residents in Iksan, Jonju areas. Total 252 subjects were surveyed and used for statistical analysis and were analyzed by Frequency, ANOVA, CROSSTABS, $x^2-test$. Women for this study were classified 3 groups(young women, middle aged women, obesity women). The results of this study were as follows; 1) Both BMI and Rohrer index are significantly different according to 3 groups. 2) In the buying method, more than 97% of the middle aged women and obesity women had purchased ready-to-wear apparel. 3) While young women purchased their clothing in the Bose store, middle aged women and obesity women purchased their clothing in the department store. 4) In young women and middle aged women group, the most important criteria of buying were design. In obesity women, the most important criteria of buying were design, size (fitness), price. 5) For the satisfaction of ready-to-wear with aging, 34.1% of all respondents showed dissatisfaction. There was significant difference according to the age. 6) In the fit of ready-to wear, When ready-to-wear is not fit, more than 40% was purchased big or small.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.17-27
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• 1998

The need for periodic investigation on human growth rate and somatotypes has been increased because the scientific development and environmental factors have effected a lot on them recently. This study aimed to investigate the changes of the 638 female somatotypes in the age of 18-54 obtained by direct and indirect measurement. The measurement data were divided into 4 groups early young women age group (18-54), late young women age group (25-34), early middle age group (35-44), late middle age group (45-54) and compared each other based on each group by age. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. According to Mollison Curve based on the early young women, items of depth decreased overall and pp.P. length & shoulder length increased as the age increased. The circumference, breadth and thickness tended to increase, especially waist girth and thickness of waist increased markedly. The data showed that the increase rate of thickness was higher than that of breadth. 2. Gradual somatotype changes were observed by overlapping projection drawings obtained by direct measurement. Compared with the young women, the middle aged showed lower should point depth and hip line & crotch depth line were lengthened significantly. No significant difference was observed in overlapping of the early young women and the late young women' figure, neither was in early middle aged and the late middle aged. 3. By overlapping the side view of the young women group (18-37) and middle aged group (35-54), no significant postural characteristics were found, while the back tended to bend forward and the abdomen and hip appeared to get fat.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 1992

A study was conducted to estimate Na intake in 30 young and 62 middle-aged female Koreans. For each subject, nondiscretionary Na intake was estimated from 2-day dietary records optimum gustation of salt was tested using beef broth with different salt concentra-tions. and 24-hour urinary Na excretion was measeured from pooled 2-day urine samples. Total daily Na intake was calculated from 24-hour urinary excretion and discretionary Na intake was calculated as difference between total and nondiscretionary Na intake was calculated as difference between total and nondiscretionary Na intake. Mean daily 24-hour urinary Na excretion of the young and middle-aged women was 184.6mEq and 224.6mEq. Mean values of optimum gustation of salt in young and middle-aged subjects were 0.431% and 0.489% The differences between the two groups were significant. Nodiscre-tionary Na intakes of the two groups were not significantly different, . Calculated total and discretionary Na intake of middle-aged women(245.1mEq) were significantly higher than young women(220.3mEq and 211.0mEq) were significantly higher than young women(210, 3mEq and 169, 7mEq) Percent of discretionary to total Na intake was 85.7% in middle-aged and 79.4% in young women. Age BMI urinary Na and K excretions optimum gustation of salt were signficantly correlated with blood pressure of the subjects. Results of the present study confirms the high level of sodium intake especia-lly of discretionary Na intake among Korean women.