• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.473-483
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• 1997

붉바리 자어의 생존률 향상을 위한 연구의 일환으로써 자어의 주 사망 시기인 부화 직후부터 약 일주일간 자어의 난황흡수 및 먹이와 관련한 생존 특성 등을 조사하였다. 난황흡수 초기인 부화후 24시간 동안 자어의 난황 및 유구 흡수율은 난황보다는 유구의 경우가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 난황 및 유구의 흡수 시간은 수온이 높을수록 짧아지는 경향을 보였다. 수온 23-$25^{\circ}C$에서 99% 이상의 난황 및 유구가 흡수된 시점은 부화후 각각 84, 96시간이었고,$27^{\circ}C$에서는 각각 72, 84시간, 29-$31^{\circ}C$에서는 공히 부화후 60시간으로 나타났다. 수온 23-$31^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 수온(X)에 따른 자어의 개구시(Y)은 Y=-2.53X+118.4, ($r^2$=0.89)의 직선식으로 나타났다. 난황이 대부분 흡수되고 외부 영양섭취를 시작하는 시기 전후인 부화후 72-96시간째 자어의 상악장은 0.113-0.114 mm였으며, 개구후부터 부화후 1주일까지의 전장(X)과 상악장(Y)과의 관계는 Y=0.139X-0.165, ($r^2$=0.88)의 식으로 나타났다. 자어의 소화관에서 최초로 rotifer 가 발견된 때는 부화후 72시간으로써 99% 이상의 난황을 흡수한 시점이었다. 난황 및 유구를 완전히 흡수한 부화후 96시간에는 전체 자어중 약 33%가 먹이를 섭취한 것으로 나타났다. 첫 먹이 공급시기 지연에 따른 자어의 생존률은 부화후 84시간 이전까지는 첫 먹이공급 시기를 빨리할수록 생존율이 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 부화후 96시간에 첫 먹이를 공급한 경우는 부화후 120시간 째까지 모든 자어가 사망한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2012

Early growth, the rate of yolk sac absorption, and nucleus size in liver parenchymal cells were correlated with the nutritional status of first feeding larval haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus. Larvae that successfully began exogenous feeding maintained high growth rates, delayed yolk sac resorption, and had larger hepatocyte nuclear sizes than starved larvae. At 10 days post hatch (DPH) the cumulative mortality in the starved larval haddock group was 100%. The area of the hepatocyte nuclei in starved larvae gradually decreased, reaching its lowest value by 9 DPH. Our results support the current practice of providing the first food supply at 3 DPH. Hepatocyte nuclear size can be used to assess larval haddock nutrition status, and may be a good criterion for assessing the success of transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2016

Ultrastructural studies on oocyte development and vitellogenesis in oocytes, and the functions of follicle cells during oogenesis and oocyte degeneration were investigated to clarifyb the reproductive mechanism on vitellogenesis of Scapharca subcrenata using electron microscope observations. In this study, vitellogenesis during oogenesis in the oocytes occured by way of autosynthesis and heterosynthesis. Of two processes of vitellogenesis during oogenesis, the process of endogenous autosynthesis involved the combined activity of the Golgi complex, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, the process of exogenous heterosynthesis involved endocytotic incorporation of extraovarian precursors at the basal region of the oolema of the early vitellogenic oocytes before the formation of the vitelline coat. In this study, follicle cells, which attached to the previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes, were easily found. In particular, the follicle cells were involved in the development of previtellogenic oocytes by the supply of nutrients, and vitellogenesis in the early and late vitellogenic oocytes by endocytosis of yolk precursors. Based on observations of follicle cells attached to degenerating oocytes after spawning, follicles of this species are involved in lysosomal induction of oocyte degeneration for the resorption phagosomes (phagolysosomes) in the cytoplasm for nutrient storage, as seen in other bivalves. In this study, the functions of follicle cells can accumulate reserves of lipid granules and glycogen particles for vitellogenesis from degenerating oocytes after spawning.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2004

The present study was carried out to establish a short-term teratogenicity study for detecting developmental toxic potential induced by gamma radiation in ICR mice. Pregnant mice were exposed at dose levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 Gy on gestational day 8.5. All dams were subjected to caesarean section on gestational day 10.5 and their embryos were examined for growth, differentiation, and morphological abnormalities. An increase in the number of resorption was found at 4 Gy in a dose-dependent manner. Dose-dependent decreases in the developmental score of yolk sac circulation and olfactory system at above 1 Gy, in the number of somite pairs and developmental score of allantois, optic system, and maxillary process at above 2 Gy, and in the all growth and developmental parameters examined at 4 Gy were found. Various types of morphological abnormalities were seen at dose levels of 0.5 Gy or greater. Characteristic malformations induced by gamma radiation were abnormal axial rotation, hematoma, craniofacial hypoplasia, open neuropore, shortened prosencephalon, kinked somites, irregular somites, swelling, hydropericardium, absent branchial bar, and absent limb bud. Morphological alterations such as hematoma, craniofacial hypoplasia, open neuropore, and kinked somites were noted even in the lowest dose (0.5 Gy). These results indicated that the short-term teratogenicity study established in this study can be a useful tool for not only detecting the developmental toxic potential induced by gamma radiation, but also screening radio-protective agents in ICR mice.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2014

Hyphessobrycon eques is a famous fish for ornamental fish market and aquarium. They are inhabit in regions of Amazon and Paraguay River basin. Serpae fishs were investigated 2-3 males are chased to female, and then males attempted to simulate the females abdomen. After fertilization, eggs were kept in incubators at $28^{\circ}C$. The fertilized eggs had adhesive and demesal characteristics and had a mean diameter of $0.92{\pm}0.01mm$. Larvae hatched at 16 hrs post fertilization. The hatched larvae averaged $2.90{\pm}0.16mm$ in total length ($L_T$). Complete yolk sac resorption and mouth opening occurred on the third day post hatching. At 45 days post hatching, the larvae were $12.5{\pm}1.60mm$ $L_T$ and had reached the juvenile stage.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

Serial ultrasonographic examinations were daily performed from 15 days after ovulation until parturition to determine the time of first detection and ultrasonographic appearance of the fetal and extra-fetal structures in pregnant 10 Maltese, 10 Yorkshire Terrier, 15 Shih-tzu, and 10 Miniature Schnauzer bitches, respectively. Gestational age was timed from the day of ovulation (day 0), which was estimated to occur when plasma progesterone concentration was first increased above 4.0ng/ml. The gestational length was $63.4{\sim}63.6$ (range: $61{\sim}65$) days and the geatational length was no statistically significant difference among bitches (p>0.05). The initial detection of the extra-fetal structures were; gestational sac at days $18.9{\sim}19.5\;(17{\sim}22)$, zonary placenta at days $24.6{\sim}25.5\;(23{\sim}28)$, yolk sac membrane at days $24.6{\sim}25.5\;(23{\sim}27)$, yolk sac tubular shape at days $26.1{\sim}26.3\;(24{\sim}28)$, and amniotic membrane at days $26.1{\sim}28.2\;(24{\sim}31)$, respectively. The time of the first detection of the extra-fetal structures were no statistically significant difference among bitches (p>0.05). The initial detection of the fetal structures were; embryo initial detection at days $22.5{\sim}22.9\;(21{\sim}24)$, heartbeat at days $23.2{\sim}23.8\;(21{\sim}25)$, embryo bipolar shape $27.6{\sim}28.9\;(26{\sim}30)$, fetal movement at days $31.9{\sim}32.8\;(27{\sim}34)$, limb buds at days $29.1{\sim}30.7\;(27{\sim}33)$, stomach at days $31.1{\sim}33.1\;(29{\sim}34)$, urinary bladder at days $32.4{\sim}33.2\;(29{\sim}35)$, skeleton at days $34.7{\sim}35.9\;(34{\sim}39)$, and kidney at days $42.1{\sim}44.7\;(41{\sim}48)$, respectively. The the time of the first detection of the fetal structures were no statistically significant difference among bitches (p>0.05). These results indicate the evaluation of the time of first detection and ultrasonographic characteristics of the gestational structures might be useful for pregnancy diagnosis, estimating fetal age, embryonic resorption, fetal monster, abnormal fetal growth and fetal viability, respectively.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2007

우리나라에서 널리 사용되고 있는 제초제인 뷰타클로르의 어류에 대한 독성영향을 알아보고자 송사리(Oryzias latipes, Medaka)의 생육단계별 급성 독성시험(acute toxicity test)과 송사리 수정란을 이용하여 초기생활사 독성시험(early-life stage toxicity test)을 수행하였다. 급성 독성시험결과 부화 후 1일, 1주, 2주, 2개월 그리고 5개월 된 송사리의 96시간 반수치 농도($LC_{50}$)는 각각 0.68, 0.52, 0.38, 1.09 그리고 $0.45\;mg\;L^{-1}$으로 부화 후 2주된 치어가 가장 높은 감수성을 보였다. 초기생활사 독성시험결과, 부화기간은 $7{\sim}8$일, 부화율은 87%이상으로 모든 시험구에서 통계적으로 대조구와 유의성이 없었다. 그러나 부화후 생존율은 0.05와 $0.1\;mg\;L^{-1}$ 농도에서 90% 유의수준(p<0.1)에서 통계적으로 대조구와 유의성이 있었다. 이상어 발생율은 0.025, 0.05 그리고 $0.1\;mg\;L^{-1}$ 농도에서 각각 2.1, 2.3 그리고 10%이었고 척추기형과 안면이상 및 난황 흡수가 지연되는 비정상적인 형태를 보였다. 시험 종료 후 생존한 송사리의 전장 및 무게 감소는 농도 상관성을 보였으며, 특히 송사리의 무게는 $0.05\;mg\;L^{-1}$ 농도에서는 90% 유의수준(p<0.1)에서 통계적으로 대조구와 유의성이 있었고, $0.1\;mg\;L^{-1}$ 농도에서는 95% 유의수준(p<.0.05)에서 통계적으로 대조구에 비해 유의성 있는 감소를 보여 송사리 성장 인자 중 전장보다는 무게가 민감한 독성지표로 판단되었다. 이런 결과를 근거로 하여 최저영향농도(LDEC), 무영향농도(NOEC) 그리고 최대허용농도(MATC)는 각각 0.025, 0.013, $0.018\;mg\;L^{-1}$로 산출하였다.