• Title/Summary/Keyword: Yingzaofashi

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Plan Dimension of the Wooden Architecture with a Special Reference of Yingzaofashi(營造法式) of Song Dynasty (송(宋) "영조법식(營造法式)" 을 통해 본 목조건축(木造建築) 평면(平面) 척도구성(尺度構成)의 고찰(考察))

  • Lee, Yong-Jun
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.14 no.3 s.43
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    • pp.119-128
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    • 2005
  • In ancient times, architectural design was seen as a critical task in building technologies. Specifically, form, dimension and structural design are of significant. These aspects are associated with each other and to be emerged as a whole. Designing plan dimension was deemed to be the core of design technology due to its close relationship with module system. Thus, its evolution as well as development process typically represents and reflects the spirits and contents of design technologies in ancient China. In China, the materials regarding ancient architectural technology include Yingzaofashi(營造法式) of Song Dynasty and Gongchengzuofazeli(工程做法則例) of Qing Dynasty. They show many aspects concerning materials, structure, scale system and building. In Yingzaofashi, although the length of objects are decided by 'cai(材)' and 'fen(分)', there are no regulations on length, width and height of a building. However, in the construction of ancient buildings, the above mentioned basic scales are very important in both design and construction. The present paper attempts to discuss the significance, namely, the design principles of length, with and height of ancient chinese architecture.

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A study on the dimension unit of framework on Yingzaofashi - Confrontation between Chi(尺) hypothesis and Fen(分°) hypothesis - (송 『영조법식』의 건축계획 치수 단위에 대한 이론적 고찰 - 자(尺) 단위 계획설과 분(分°) 단위 계획설 간의 논쟁을 중심으로 -)

  • Baik, So-Hun
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 2022
  • Fen(分°) is the proportional dimension unit of the standard timber section on Yingzaofashi(營造法式), and there is a phrase that not only structural members but the whole structural design of a building also use Fen as the dimension unit on the book. But in fact only the section dimensions of structural members are recorded by Fen, but the design dimensions are recorded by Chi(尺) on the book. Other historical records also described the building size by Chi. So there has been long-standing debate on the phase in Chinese architectural history society, including the recent confrontation on the analysis of survey figures of the east great hall of Foguangsi temple(佛光寺 東大殿). This paper analyzes all the records about the size of structural members and section planning on the book to make various calculation and evaluation. And it makes a survey of Cai(材) as the dimension and design unit between Chi and Fen through geometric analysis. Cai might be a rough unit of measurement in terms of structural and proportional scheming on Yingzaofashi, and the full size Cai(足材) had been a building scheming module before the Song dynasty.

A Study on the Derivation of Bracket Structure Terminology in Yingzaofashi in the Era of Song Dynasty (송대(宋代) ${\ll}$영조법식(營造法式)${\gg}$ 대목작(大木作) 포작(鋪作) 관련용어의 파생에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jae-Ung
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.55-70
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    • 2011
  • This paper aimed at analyzing of structural carpentry terminology for bracket structure in Yingzaofashi ${\ll}$營造法式${\gg}$in the era of Song Dynasty and illuminating coinage characteristics and method of Structural Carpentry Terminology for bracket Structure through graphonomy research and system and structure of these terms. The results are as follow. The structural carpentry terminologies for structure were identified to be approximately 23 words, and terminology of bracket structure鋪作 is largely categorized into 3 categories of Type鋪作次序, Structure, Place. On the other hand, the structural carpentry terminologies for parts largely categorized into 2 categories of Bracket structure鋪作, Others. Bracket structure terminologies for parts were derived from the core of Dou枓, Gong栱, Ang昂, Fang方. The phenomena of derivation in structural carpentry terminology for bracket structure can be explained by the difference in the shape of subsidiary material and the location for usage of the subsidiary material and part of the subsidiary material and their functions.

A Study on the Protruding Distance of Seven-Layered Gongpo of Baoguosi Main Hall in Ningbo China (중국 영파 보국사(保國寺) 대전의 7포작 양초양앙(兩抄兩昻) 공포의 외출목거리에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Joung-Ah
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to estimate the dimensions of the Protruding distance of Seven-layered Gongpo of Baoguosi Temple Main Hall in Ningbo, China, and to analyze the meaning of the dimension through the "Yingzaofashi(營造法式)" and other similar cases. Through this study, it is clarified that the "Yingzaofashi" stipulates the limited use of the structural role of Ha-ang, but Baoguosi Temple Main Hall has expanded the structural role of Ha-ang actively by increasing the total Protruding Distance and effectively controlling the Protruding Distance of the layer where Ha-ang is placed. And as a result, the effect of lowering the total height of the protruding part was confirmed.

The Principle of Capital Construction and the Location of the Palace Discovered through the Annotation of Zhouli(周禮)

  • Kang, Seo-Yeon
    • Architectural research
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2018
  • According to previous studies, the form of a city mentioned in Kaogongji(考工記) of Zhouli(周禮) does not exist in reality. Only Beijing during Ming(明) and Qing(淸) Dynasties is discussed as an example, making it lose its worth as a theory. But of all the annotation of Zhouli throughout the 2,000 years before the modern era, core theory related to capital construction had never been stated from the aspect of the present day. Such discussion can be found depicted in Yingzaofashi(營造法式), a specialized book about architectural technology. Unlike what is known until now, the principle of capital construction has a link to the theory of Fengshui(風水), in that it implies the logic of 'Yi(易)'.

A Study on the Mulmae, Architectural Drawing Recorded on Uigwes - Focusing on the Possibility as a Cross-sectional Drawing - (의궤에 기록된 건축도(建築圖) 물매(勿每, 水每)에 관한 연구 - 단면도로서의 가능성을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Sang-Myeong
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2020
  • This study covered the Mulmae, architectural drawing recorded on Yeonggeon-uigwes and Sanleung-uigwes during the late Joseon Dynasty. In uigwes, the term 'Mulmae' was used as a mixture until the 17th century, but from the 18th century, the term 'Mulmae(勿乙每, 勿每, 水每)' was unified into 'Mulmae(水每)'. The paper of the Mulmae was made to be used during the construction period by using a thick oil paper called Yudun. Four Yudun were connected, and its size was 197.4×141cm, which was rather large. The Yingzaofashi(營造法式) of Song Dynasty describes how to draw a longitudinal section on a scale of 1/10. The scale of 1/10 was the maximum when comparing the size of the Mulmae with the buildings in uigwes. A sectional drawing of Gongpo in Geunjeongjeon was drawn on a scale of 1/10. There is a testimony that a senior carpenter drew a cross-section on a scale of 1/10. Therefore, it was determined that the scale of the longitudinal section drawn on the Mulmae paper was 1/10. The term 'the Mulmae' was used equally by carpenter active in Japanese colonial era. The scope of the painting was clarified from pillar to rafter. Uigwes records that the Mulmae was made for wood processing. Through this, it can be understood that the Mulmae painted the entire structure as a longitudinal section.

Appendix The Annotation of 『Gongchengzuofazeli (工程做法則例)』, and Commentary on its First Volume (부록 공정주법칙례(工程做法則例)의 해제(解題)와 권(卷)1 부분(部分)의 주석(註釋))

  • Han, Dong-Soo;Dong, Jian-Fei;Lee, Sung-Ho;Yang, Hee-Sick
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.82-119
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    • 2010
  • "Gongchengzuofazeli" was published by the Ministry of Engineering (工部) in 1734, the 12th year of the Yongzheng(雍正) emperor of China's Ching Dynasty. Its purpose was the standardization of building construction and the strengthening of management policies The book records exact measurements of every material used in the building, dividing the building into sections called "dugu (斗口)." It also contains records of the funds that were needed for fair management. Today, it has great historical value because it provides information as to the state of architectural technology and environment of that time. However, the research of Korean architectural historians tends to focus on the "Yingzaofashi(營造法式)" which was written in the Northen Song Dynasty. While the significance of "Gongchengzuofazeli" is widely acknowledged, not enough interest has been garnered to even begin a full-scale translation project. This article, by summarizing in the introduction the basic contents of "Gongchengzuofazeli" and a translation of the first volume in the body, seeks as its purpose to provide data to become the foundation of future research in this area.

The Study on the Anssolim Technnique of Columns of Main-hall Architectures in Korean Palaces (궁궐 정전건축 기둥 안쏠림기법 고찰)

  • Kim, Derk Moon
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.40-59
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    • 2010
  • Anssolim is the unique technique which standing columns lean in a inward direction of buildings in traditional architecture, which has not been thoroughly investigated to this day. With a dearth of previous studies, the anssolim technique can only be examined through detailed three-dimensional surveys. The main halls of Korean palaces can be seen as buildings that were built with the regulations of the day in mind, making them excellent research subjects when studying the anssolim technique. The findings can be summarized as follows. 1. In the main halls that were studied, anssolim was applied most to main space (eokan) columns, then lessened for peripheral columns. 2. The largest second-floor cheoma columns were placed inward in the eokan, then became smaller as with the peripheral columns. In the case of the eokan, the columns were arranged according to the size of the anssolim. 3. The second-floor cheoma column anssolim in the middle-floor main hall were generally a third or a quarter of the size of those on the first floor. As on the first floor, the largest anssolim were applied to the eokan columns, then became gradually smaller towards the periphery columns. 4. In the palace main halls, the largest anssolim were used for the eokan columns, and became smaller with the peripheral columns. This unique structure can be seen to be a Korean technique that deviates from the Chinese "Yingzaofashi(營造法式)" techniques. Although this study is limited in that it only studies the main hall of Korean palaces, it is significant in that it shed new light on the technological implications of the anssolim technique, and can be used as important data for research into the history of technology. Although this type of data is difficult to extrapolate, it has been made as accurate as possible by minimizing the margin of error in the data for the palaces that were actually studied.