• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to obtain reference data of traditional Korean medicine diagnostic methods for the practical usage in women infertility. Methods: The study involved 38 female patients of age 20-38 years that had diagnosed of infertility. All the subjects answered to pattern identification questionnaire and Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification (QSCC II). Pattern identification scores and constitution types have been analyzed with variables of infertility factors and age. Statistical analysis was performed by adopting descriptive and inferential tests. Results: In pattern identification questionnaire analysis, the patterns were observed in order of frequency: liver stasis; blood deficiency; kidney-yang deficiency; kidney-yin deficiency; damp-heat; blood stasis; and phlegm. The group, less than 35 years old, had the higher average score of liver stasis (p<0.05). Also, the group with tubal and peritoneal factors, had the higher average score of blood deficiency (p<0.05). In QSCC II analysis, So-yang type had the higher average score of liver stasis, kidney-yang deficiency, and kidney-yin deficiency. So-eum type had the higher average score of liver stasis, kidney-yang deficiency, kidney-yin deficiency, and blood deficiency. While, Tae-um type had the higher average score of liver stasis and phlegm. Conclusions: We would accumulate the clinical data for the practical usage of traditional Korean medicine diagnostic methods in women infertility.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1742-1748
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• 2006

In order to establish the manifestational symptoms in men and women and highly frequent symptoms(HFS) of deficiency of Qi and blood(氣虛, 血虛), stagnation of Qi(氣滯), deficiency of Yin(陰虛), deficiency of Yang(陽虛), and, 546 questionaires were analyzed through Cronbach alpha value and Pearson's correlative efficient. Symptomatic differences of male and female specimens were as follows. HFS of Qi deficiency were similar in terms of inactivity like mental and physical fatigue, enervation in men and women. In blood deficiency, dizziness and light sleep were common in men and women, but mucosal symptoms of conjunctiva, lip, nail bed were more frequent in women than men. Emotional explosion was common in Qi stagnation, then women had more motivation-related symptoms than men. Inner heat was frequently arisen in Yin deficiency in both, and the heat was expressed more common in exterior and upper part in women but in interior abdominal part in men. In Yang deficiency, main symptoms of men were feeling coldness in peripheral, but Qi deficiency symptoms were more common in women former than coldness.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.473-486
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the clinical characteristics and usefulness of comprehensive diagnosis of Yin-deficiency and heart rate variability in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Methods : We surveyed 30 burning mouth syndrome patients visiting the Oral Diseases Clinic of Kyung Hee University Oriental Medicine Hospital from April to September of 2011. The subjects were evaluated on self-assessed severity of burning mouth syndrome and xerostomia using visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Yin-deficiency condition (based on the 10-item Yin-deficiency questionnaire). Salivary function was measured by the unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR), and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were recorded by SA-2000E (Medicore Co., Ltd., Korea). Results : There were substantial significant positive correlations between burning sensation VAS scores in mouth and Yin-deficiency scores. There was significant negative correlation between xerostomia VAS score and USFR. Compared to the normal range of total power (TP) in HRV parameters, the burning mouth syndrome patients showed significant lower values of TP. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that comprehensive diagnosis of Yin-deficiecny and HRV parameters are useful in diagnosing of burning mouth syndrome patients. Therefore, we assume that improvement of Yin-deficiency condition can be a potentially effective way to treat burning mouth syndrome.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2018

Objectives The objective of this study is to examine the interpretability of the questionnaire-based pattern identification in terms of biosignals. For this purpose, we investigate the relationship between electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) and Qi-Blood-Yin-Yang Deficiency Questionnaire (QBYY-Q) in diabetic patients. Methods A total of 40 patients with diabetes mellitus answered the QBYY-Q and their ESC were measured by SUDOSCAN device (a diabetes screening device, France). To analyze the relationship between QBYY-Q and ESC, ANOVA analysis and Scheffe test were performed and Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained. Results Of the 40 diabetic patients, 23 (57.5%) were males and 17 (42.5%) were females. According to the QBYY-Q, 9 patients were classified into Qi deficiency pattern (QD), 9 patients were Blood deficiency pattern (BD), 10 patients were Yin deficiency pattern (YiD) and 12 patients were Yang deficiency pattern (YaD). Demographic information (age, body mass index, duration of illness, etc.), signs of vitality (blood pressure, body temperature, etc.), fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin were not significantly different in each deficiency pattern. The ESC of the right leg was significantly lower in the BD group compared to the YiD group (p<0.022). Pearson's correlation coefficient was negatively correlated with the BD questionnaire score (r=-0.343, p <0.05). Finally, ESC showed a positive correlation with hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels in all limbs (r=0.483, p<0.01). Conclusions We showed that ESC could be used to classify the Deficiency pattern identifications in diabetic patients. Especially, the ESC was significantly lower in the BD group and was negatively correlated with the BD scores. It implies the potential utility of the ESC to understand the BD in terms of modern biosignals.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2009

Background : Currently, as a method of standardization of prescription, questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi-Tang[補中益氣湯] was developed, and which is a Objectives : The purpose of this thesis is to testify whether differentiation of Lao Juan Shang[勞倦傷] etiology is relative to mobility of gastric smooth muscle. Methods : The subjects(20 to 65 years old; 14 males, 46 females) were isolated from drinking alcohols for 24 hours before the experiment, and fasted for 8 hours, and measured for electrogastrography(EGG) and they filled out Questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi-Tang. Results : 1. Six factors from the factor analysis of Questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi -Tang were named and classified as Spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [脾虛] (factor 1), Lung-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [肺虛] (factor 2), Working factor [習慣] (factor 3), Yin-Fire factor [陰火] (factor 4), Jung-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [中氣虛] (factor 5), and Stomach-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [胃虛] (factor 6). 2. As for the reliability of Questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi-Tang, we used Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.772 for the mean of the item-total. 3. Lung-Qi deficiency syndrome factor(factor2) had significant correlation with Bradygastria Time (r=-0.312, p<0.05). 4. Working factor(factor3) had significant correlation with Bradygastria Time (r=-0.329, p<0.05). 5. Yin-Fire factor(factor4) had significant correlation with Power Ratio (r=-0.328, p<0.05). Conclusions : It is shown that Bradygastria Time and Power Ratio tended to decrease against postprandial DP increased and postprandial frequency decreased in normal case.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.624-643
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between Ryodoraku and two pattern-identification questionnaires in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS). Methods: The study participants were 30 patients with BMS who visited the Oral Diseases Clinic of Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Hospital from June to November, 2019. The Ryodoraku test and two pattern-identification questionnaires were administered to all patients. Measurements included the average Ryodoraku score, which is called the Total Average (TA), and each score on the Ryodoraku point scale. The degree of Yin-deficiency, Qi-stagnation, and pain were assessed with the Yin-deficiency Questionnaire (YDQ), Qi-stagnation Questionnaire (QSQ), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively. Results: The average TA score was 29.90. The LF5 (p=0.013) and RF5 (p=0.016) scores were lower than the TA scores, and the RH5 (p=0.020) and RH6 (p=0.006) scores were higher than the TA scores. A negative correlation was detected between the YDQ scores and the LH1 (r=-0.366, p=0.046), LH2 (r=-0.507, p=0.004), LH3 (r=-0.374, p=0.042), RH1 (r=-0.361, p=0.050), RH2 (r=-0.403, p=0.027) points. The LF5 (p=0.050) and RF2 (p=0.048) scores were lower in the patients with Qi-stagnation patients than without Qi-stagnation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that low TA and Ryodoraku scores on LF5 and RF5 and high Ryodoraku scores on RH5 and RH6 could be quantitative indicators for the diagnosis of BMS. The LH1, LH2, LH3, RH1, RH2, LF5, and RF2 scores could also be an indicators for diagnosis of Yin-deficiency and Qi-stagnation in patients with BMS.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.189-202
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the tongue coating pattern in the elderly patients with xerostomia. Methods Ninety-six elderly patients with xerostomia were recruited by advertisement and they visited the oral diseases clinics at Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from November, 2011 to August, 2013. After signifying the assent, the subjects who passed screening were enrolled this study. The subjects were evaluated on their clinical characteristics of xerostomia using visual analogue scale for xerostomia, dry mouth questionnaire, unstimulated salivary flow rate. In addition, Yin-deficiency questionnaire was used to evaluate the Yin-deficiency state and Winkel tongue coating index and Digital Tongue imagin system were used to measure the tongue coating of patients. Results The proportion of women was higher than that of men, and there were few smokers in this study population. This population had chronic and relatively severe xerostomia symptoms. Also, thin coating pattern was showed in this elderly patients with xerostomia and this result was regarded to the influence of Yin-deficiency. The thin coating patten was observed in the group with higher Yin-deficiency score. There was no difference in tongue coating between the hyposalivation and normosalivation group. Conclusion In the elderly patients with xerostomia, Yin-deficiency is might be considered as one of the main cause of xerostomia. Hence, it is thought that this patients showed the thin coating pattern. This results could be used in diagnosis and treatment for the elderly patients with xerostomia in traditional Korean medicine.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.100-110
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a comprehensive diagnosis of yin-deficiency and heart rate variability in halitosis patients. Methods: We surveyed 62 halitosis patients visiting the Halitosis Clinic in the Kyung Hee University Oriental Medicine Hospital from August 2010 to April 2011. The subjects were evaluated on self-assessed severity of halitosis and xerostomia using visual analogue scale (VAS) score and yin-deficiency condition (based on the 10-item Yin-deficiency Questionnaire). Salivary function was measured by the unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were recorded by SA-2000E (Medicore Co. Ltd., Korea). Results: There were substantial significant positive correlations between halitosis, xerostomia VAS scores and yin-deficiency scores. There was significant negative correlation between xerostomia VAS score and USFR. Compared to the normal USFR group (USFR>0.1$m{\ell}$/min), the decreased USFR group (USFR${\leq}0.1m{\ell}$/min) showed significant lower values of Total Power (TP), Lower Frequency (LF), and High frequency (HF). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the comprehensive diagnosis of yin-deficiency and HRV are useful in diagnosing of halitosis patients with xerostomia. Therefore, we assume that improvement of yin-deficiency condition can be a potentially effective way to treat halitosis with xerostomia.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2019

개인의 피부특성을 반영한 화장품에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 본 연구에서는 개인의 특성을 분류하기 위해 한의학 변증(辨證) 개념을 도입하여 피부특징 및 대상자 특성을 구분하고자 하였다. 변증 중 노화와 관련 있는 음허(陰虛)변증을 선정하였고, 건강한 40대와 50대 여성 218명을 음허변증으로 구분하여 피부특성과 설문응답패턴을 분석하였다. 피부특성은 Corneometer^®, Cutometer^®, Janus lll 측정기기를 활용하여 보습, 탄력, 모공, 주름, 색소침착, 피부색 및 피지 항목을 측정하였다. 설문은 음허설문지(yin-deficiency questionnaire, YDQ)와 피부상태설문지(modified skin type questionnaire)로 구성되어 있는데, 음허변증 여부에 따른 교차비(odds ratio) 분석과 유의한 피부특성 차이를 나타내는 설문 분석의 두 단계로 구분하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 음허로 변증된 집단은 아닌 집단에 비해 보습과 탄력이 감소하고, 피부 붉기가 증가하는 유의한 차이를 확인하였으며, 얼굴 열감과 불면, 신체 수분 감소 항목에서 불편감을 호소하였고 피부 민감성 항목과 연관이 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 활용하여 음허변증과 관련된 설문 중 수분, 탄력, 붉기의 피부특성을 나타내는 설문을 바탕으로 해당 고객에게 제품을 추천할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to give priority in Yin-deficient questionnaire items. if adequate priority is given, clinical judgment and questionnaire of the results is expected to be similar. The AHP is a systematic procedure for analyzing the elements of any problem hierarchically. Based on survey of expertise, as series of pairwise comparison judgements is performed to evaluate the various elements in the hierarchy. We are expected to use the AHP analysis that would apply to oriental doctor's diagnostic process analysis. In this study, korean medical doctors experienced over 5 years was included. Results given the importance to Yin-deficient questionnaire items, Results given the importance to the questionnaire items, the most important item was Irritable fever on the five Hearts, the second was tidal fever.