• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.397-410
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• 1998

Tracer experiments were performed 4 times in December 1992 on the relatively flat terrain and nearby building area adjacent to the Taedok Science Town in Korea. Each experiment was continued for relatively short period of 1 or 2 hours with intermittent release of SF6 up to 2.07g/s at 10m height. Movement of tracer plume was tracked by a continuous tracer analyzer installed on an air monitoring van. Simulation with INPUFF was carried out to analyze and predict experiments. Measured profiles of tracer plume were narrow and sharp while predicted profiles by INPUFF were broad and slowly varied. Tracer plumes were detected at a short distance of 0.5 to 2.2 km mainly due to intermittent release and high value of lower detectable limit. Various experimental conditions were tested by INPUFF simulation in order to find desirable conditions. Higher wind speed and less variable wind direction could yield longer distance of plume tracking only when the lower detectable limit was sufficiently low. Distance of plume tracking was long and did not much depend on the lower detectable limit in stable atmospheric conditions.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1997

To obtain more sensitive immunoassay for methamphetamine (MA) determination, the optimum condition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was investigated in regard to immunogens, antibody purification methods and coating tracers. Activated MA, N-(4-aminobutyl)methamphetamine (4-ABMA), was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and used as immunogen. The antibodies were purified by protein G chromatography or various immunoaffinity chromatography-linked MA-protein ligands, such as MA-BSA, MA-KLH or MA-ovalbumin (OVA). Each purified antibody was characterized by means of sensitivity and cross-reactivity using the three MA-protein coating tracers, MA-BSA, MA-KLH and MA-OVA. The best sensitivity of each antibody was acquired with the MA-OVA tracer although the tracer concentration and the antibody titer level at optimum condition were varied. The antibody with high titer level did not always yield good sensitivity. At optimum condition, immunoaffinity chromatography-purified antibodies were better for sensitivity and for specificity than protein G-purified antibodies. The cross-reactivity of the purified antibodies seemed to be affected by immunogen structure and showed somewhat different patterns according to the immunoaffinity ligand utilized. These data show that the antibody purification method as well as choice of coating tracer and immunogen is essential for the sensitivity and specificity of EIA; the optimum condition for assay should be discovered using various methods and combinations.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2009

토양중 $^{99}Tc$의 배경준위를 측정할 수 있는 분석법을 수립하고 한국 토양중의 $^{99}Tc$ 농도를 비교 검토하였다. 토양중의 $^{99}Tc$을 분리 정제하기 위해서 선택성 TEVA수지를 사용하였다. 화학분리 회수율을 계산하기 위해 $^{99}Mo/^{99m}Tc$ 생성기에서 생산한 $^{99m}Tc$를 추적자로 사용하고 그 문제점을 검토하였다. $^{99m}Tc$추적자를 사용하여 계산한 화학분리 회수율은 70% 이상이 가능하였다. 순수 분리된 $^{99}Tc$의 측정을 위한 유도결합프라스마 질량분석기(ICP-MS)의 최적 조건을 수립하였다 이 분석법에 의한 토양의 최소검출하한치(MDA)는 15 mBq/kg-dry 이었다. 제주와 고리 주변 토양 시료의 $^{99}Tc$ 농도는 33.73-89.16 mBq/kg-dry 였다. 이러한 수치는 다른 보고치에 비하여 낮은 편이며 대기권 핵실험에서 기인한 낙진의 영향으로 추정된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.331-337
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• 1994

In order to develop a $^{18}F$-labelled myocardial perfusion agent(flow tracer) for PET, $^{18}F$-labelled organic ammonium cations were synthesized and evaluated in relation to their biodistribution. Five quaternary organic ammonium compounds were labelled with $^{18}F$ in a side chain with moderate to good yields by direct introduction of $^{18}F$-fluoride. Radiochemical yields have been achieved in 30-40min by the precursors (tosylates) in dimethylsulfoxide 15-60% (decay corrected). The reaction was found to be autocatalyzed. A remote controlled procedure was developed in these synthesis. $^{18}F$-Labelling and HPLC-purification of com-pounds needed about 60 min(Yield; 7-20%). Up to now the two compounds N-4-[$^{18}F$]fluorobutyl-pyridinium cation(1) and N, N dibenzyl-4(2-[$^{18}F$]fluoroethyl)piperidinium cation(2) were investigated in relation to their biodistribution in mice. Compound 1 showed at 1 min post injection the high uptake of 19.22% ID/g organ in the myocardium but a following fast decline to 1.12% ID/g organ after 40min. Uptake of compound 2 was after 1min in the heart 5.90% ID/g organ but after 40min at the relative high value of 4.33% ID/g organ. Heart:blood ratio for compound(1) at 1 min was 8.3, at 40 min 2.6 for compound II 2.0(1min) and 15.0(40 min). As data of compound 2 showed greater heart uptake, slower myocardial release, and higher heart: blood ratios, compound 2 is a good candidate for further evaluation.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2020

PIB is the first amyloid plaque PET image tracer reported for the first time in 2003, and is considered to be the best and is still being utilized due to its very high uptake and kinetic properties. Initially, it was synthesized by radioisotope labeling using a precursor containing a methoxy methyl protection group, but now it is synthesized using a 6-OH precursor that can be easily synthesized in one step using [¹¹C]methyl triflate. Carbon-11 has several limitations in clinical studies using PET because its half-life is as short as 20 minutes. In this study, in order to overcome the difficulty of this half-life, a rapid method using Sep-Pak was adopted instead of HPLC purification to significantly reduce the burden of the purification process and attempted synthesis. As a result, the synthesis time was shortened by more than 50%, and the yield of the final compound was higher than the previous result and showed relatively high specific radioactivity, confirming that it is a strategic method with high applicability for various precursors having primary amines.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1990

Development of a solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for the detection of progesterone in serum extract was described. The chemiluminescence immunoassay was establised utilizing anti-progesterone monoclonal antibody that coated on polystyrene tubes and progesterone-ABEI conjugate as tracer. The light yield generated from antibody bound conjugate was counted on clinilumat luminometer by oxidation with microperoxidase and peroxide. The chemiluminescence immunoassay was high specific and accurate and detects as little as 3.9ng/ml of progesterone. The intra-assay CV ranged from 6% to 11.5% and inter-assay CV ranged from 13.6% to 18.7%. This assay system was good correlated with conventional kit radioimmunoassay system (r=0.98).

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare PET imaging performance with Fluorine-18 ($^{18}F$) and Gallium-68 ($^{68}Ga$) for influence of physical properties of PET tracer. Measurement were performed on a Siemens Biograph mCT64 PET/CT scanner using NEMA IEC body phantom and Flangeless Esser PET phantom containing filled with $^{18}F$ and $^{68}Ga$. Emission scan duration(ESD) was set to 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5min/bed for $^{68}Ga$ and 1min/bed for $^{18}F$. The PET image were evaluated in terms of contrast, spatial resolution. Under same condition, The percentage of contrast recovery measured in the phantom ranged from 16.88% to 72.56% for $^{68}Ga$ and from 27.51% to 74.43% for $^{18}F$ and The FWHM value to evaluate spatial resolution was 10.96 mm for $^{68}Ga$ and 9.19 mm for $^{18}F$. For this study, $^{18}F$ produces better image contrast and spatial resolution than $^{68}Ga$ due to higher positron yield and lower positron energy ($^{18}F$: 96.86%, 633.5 keV, $^{68}Ga$: 88.9%, 1899 keV), The physical properties of PET tracer effect on the PET image. $^{68}Ga$ image applying ESD of 3, 4, 5min/bed were showed similar to $^{18}F$ image with ESD of 1min/bed. This study suggests that increasing ESD for acquiring $^{68}Ga$ PET image seem to be similar to $^{18}F$ image.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권
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• pp.56-67
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• 1984

As in many other country, the use of organic matter in Korea has long history. Farmers understand the value of organic matter as the source of plant nutrient and soil improving agent in general. Since 50 years ago, the sources of organic matter in paddy soils were compost, rice and barly straw, green manure, animal waste, fish and beancake, etc.. Application of green manures such as vetch and chinese milk vetch showed no significant effect on the yield of brown rice in paddy soil. On the other hand, the effects of compost and rice straw showed more significant on the yield of brown rice in paddy soil. Application of rice straw in rice cultivation is commonly made at different times between harvest, early spring and several weeks before transplanting. Considering the suitable paddy soil for application of rice straw under well to moderately well drained soil, the yield was pronounced more than poorly drained soil. Based on laboratory and field experimants, application of rice straw promoted the decrease of oxidation-reduction potential in well to moderately well drained soil. This results to be enhanced the release of some mineral nutrients,. such as potassium, calcium, silicon, and increase of availability of soil phosphorus. In the field experiments, results obtained from nitrogen fraction on the immobilization-mineralization of the tracer nitrogen applied in paddy soil,the amount and index of organic nitrogen incoporated in soil was more pronounced in rice straw application than control. Rice straw and its transformation products incoporated in the soil, provided the inflow of energy necessary to maintain heterotrophic microbes activities. Rice straw and its transformation products, especially soluble carbohydrate, enhanced the population of free-living heterotrophic $N_2$ - fixing microbes. Moreover, rice straw and its transformation products in paddy soil, enhanced the activities of soil enzymes such as dehydrogenase and urease.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

최근 도시에 근접한 매립장은 인구밀집 지역과의 근접성, 부지개발에 따른 경제적 가치급등 등의 이유로 활용 가능한 새로운 건설부지로서의 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 사용 종료된 매립장은 매립장 내에 침출수의 누출방지를 위한 차수시스템이 바닥 및 사면부에 존치되어 있으며, 상부 부지의 재활용 설계 시 침출수 집배수 및 차수시스템의 안정성 평가를 실시하여 차수시스템 손상에 따른 지하수 주변지역 오염을 방지하여야 한다. 일반적으로 사용 종료된 폐기물 매립장의 차수시설은 매립장 운영과정에서 폐기물 덤핑에 따른 충격하중, 장비하중, 장기적인 매립폐기물 하중으로 인하여 인장강도변화 및 불규칙한 침하에 의한 손상이 발생될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 사용종료매립장 부지의 재활용 시, 침출수의 누출방지를 위하여 기존 차수시스템 안정성 평가에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 기존 사용종료매립장의 차수시스템의 안정성 및 손상여부를 평가하기 위하여 굴착 샘플링 시료에 대한 인장강도 시험 및 현장 추적자 조사를 실시하였다. 현장시료에 대한 인장강도 시험 결과, 항복인장강도는 시방기준 및 현행 폐기물관리법 설치기준에 적정하였으나, 추적자 조사결과, 위생매립구간 차수쉬트의 손상이 확인되었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1972

사질성(砂質性) 특수성분(特殊成分) 결지답토양(缺之沓土壤)에서 비약적(飛躍的)인 다수(多收)를 가져오기 위(爲)하여 다비조건하(多肥條件下)에서도 근계활력(根系活力)의 건전화(健全化)를 기(期)할 수 있고 또한 흡비상태(吸肥狀態)의 조절(調節)도 동시(同時)에 달성(達成)할 수 있는 관개수(灌漑水)의 인공적(人工的)인 조정(調整)을 위주(爲主)로 한 도장실험(圖場實驗)을 한 결과(結果)를 간추려 본 바 다음과 같이 요약(要約)할 수가 있었다. 1) 본시험(本試驗)에서 증수(增收)와 직결(直結)될 수 있었던 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)로서는 단위면적당(單位面積當) 수수확보(穗數確保)가 가량 큰 요인(要因)이었고 그 다음은 등숙률(登熟率)이었다. 2) 근활력(根活力)과 근권(根圈)의 입체적확장(立體的擴張)은 수도(水稻)의 생산양증진(生産量增進)에 크게 영향(影響)을 미쳤으며 다수(多收)를 위(爲)한 주요(主要)한 조건(條件)인 것으로 짐작되었다. 3) 용수(用水)의 합리적(合理的)인 조절관리(調節管理)는 근계활력(根系活力) 증진유지(增進維持) 및 근권(根圈)의 확장(擴張) 이외(以外)에도 흡비력(吸肥力) (특(特)히질소(窒素)에 대(對)한)의 조절(調節)에 주도적(主導的) 작인(作因)이된 것으로 짐작되었다. 4) 석회(石灰), 규산(硅酸), 고토(苦土) 등의 종합적투여(綜合的投與)(용인(熔燐)으로써)는 다비상태(多肥狀態)에서도 용수조절(用水調節)과 더불어 더욱 효율성(效率性)있는 등숙량화적(登熟良化的) 생육상(生育相)으로 이끌어간 것으로 보아진다. 5) 용수조절(用水調節)에 의(依)한 수도근군(水稻根群)에서는 수량적(數量的)으로 적은 편(便)이었으나 질량면(質量面)에서 훨씬 높은 수치(數値)를 시현(示顯)하였으며 상시담수구(常時湛水區)의 근군(根群)과는 완전(完全)히 반대(反對)된 결과(結果)를 나타내고 있었다. 6) 일반농가(一般農家)의 관행재배양식(慣行栽培樣式)에 비(比)하여 앞으로 본시험답(本試驗沓)에서 시행(施行)한 개량기술(改良技術)의 체계적(體系的)인 도입(導入)을 한다면 월등(越等)한 벼증산(增産)을 가능(可能)케 할 전망(展望)이 있는 것으로 믿어진다.