• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1653-1658
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to examine calpain activity and meat tenderness by three different feeding patterns in Korean native cattle (KNC). Total forty-five animals were assigned each fifteen in long term restriction feeding (LTFR), long-term restriction feeding and hormone treatment (LTFR-tH), and short term non-restriction feeding (STFNR), respectively. Concentrate was restricted based on body weight in exp 1 and 2. However, it was fed ad libitum in exp. 3. Hormonal implantation was made with $M-PO^{TM}$ for bulls and with $F-TO^{TM}$ for heifers at 18, 20, 22 months of age in exp. 2. Animals were purchased (3-5 month old) from local cattle market and managed in two local farms and university research unit at three different years. Animals were slaughtered at 24 months for long-term trial and at 18 month for short term-trial. Loin and tender loin muscle was used for calpain activity and meat quality. Calpain proteolytic system was not changed by treatment. However, calpastatin activity was low in short-term trial. The calpain and calpastatin activity is reciprocal relationship, therefore, the high calpain activity may effect on quality grade. The shear force value was decreased as the processing of aging after postmortem. On the other hand, the cooking loss was significantly higher in short-term than in long-term trial, and then gradually decreased by the aging. Hormone implants to increase meat yield influenced to calpastatin activity more powerfully than calpain activity to meat tenderness. In meat color-a*, there was not significant difference in loin. Meat color-b* was decreased as postmortem aging time increased in tenderloin. Western blots were done to learn whether these proteins are degraded during postmortem storage and whether this degradation temporally parallels the decrease of shear force value. Vinculin was detected at 0 day and 1 day and degraded after 3 day. In conclusion, Calpain activity was affected slightly on meat tenderness. But meat tenderness was influenced by calpastatin, more effectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.222-229
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary multi-nutritional targeted supplementation according to different growth stages on performance, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of Korean native Hanwoo steers. Thirty two Hanwoo steers, 6 months of age and weighing $159.2{\pm}24.1\;kg$, were distributed into 2 groups: control group without any supplements, and multi-nutritional targeted supplementation (MNTS) treatment group supplied with wheat bran and catechins (WBC, 8 to 16 months of age), ruminally protected amino acid-enriched fatty acid (RPAFA, 17 to 28 months of age) and ruminally protected choline with vitamin E (RPCV, 22 to 28 months of age), respectively. Average daily gain was not significantly different between the two groups. During the late fattening period, concentrate, rice straw and dry matter intakes were relatively lower in MNTS than in the control group. Rib eye area, back fat thickness and yield index were similar between the two groups. Meat color was relatively lower in MNTS compared with the control group. The appearance rate of high quality grade ($1^{++}$, $1^+$ and 1) tended to be higher in MNTS compared with the control group. Thus, the present results indicate that dietary multi-nutritional targeted supplementation at different growth stages could be recommendable to increase income according to production of high quality Hanwoo beef without any negative effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2011

This study investigated the physicochemical and enzymatic properties of unmarketable cultured bastard halibut (Paralichthys olivaceus) of different weights as a potential source of surimi and surimi gel. The proximate composition of cultured bastard halibut of different weights did not differ significantly at P<0.05 (light weight (LBH) 400~500 g, medium weight (MBH) 600~800 g, and heavy weight (HBH) > 1,000 g). Compared to Alaska pollock muscle, the bastard halibut muscle had a 4% higher crude protein content and 6% lower moisture content. The collagen content of LBH bastard halibut muscle was 1.58 g/100 g, which was lower than or no different from bastard halibut weighing different amounts. Regardless of fish weight or pH, the enzymatic activities of crude fish extracts ranged from 0.34~0.48 U/mg for casein and hemoglobin, 11.0~12.7 U/mg for LeuPNA, 5.4~6.1 U/mg for ArgPNA, 2.3~2.9 U/mg for SAAPFNA, and 0.1~0.2 U/mg for BAPNA. The yield of surimi gel from LBH was 24.4%, which was similar to that from MBH and lower than that from HBH. The surimi gel from LBH was similar to that from HBH, while weaker than that from MBH. The surimi gel from LBH gel was stronger than grade SA gel from commercial Alaska pollock.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5691-5696
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• 2014

Background: Many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate sorafenib for the treatment of advanced NSCLC, but the results for efficacy have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients with advanced NSCLC in more detail by meta-analysis. Methods: This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed after searching PubMed, EMBASE, ASCO Abstracts, ESMO Abstracts, and the proceedings of major conferences for relevant clinical trials. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the trials. Outcomes analysis were disease control rate (DCR), progression- free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and major toxicity. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to sorafenib monotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy or EGFR-TKI to investigate the preferred therapy strategy. Results: Results reported from 6 RCTs involving 2, 748 patients were included in the analysis. Compared to sorafenib-free group, SBT was not associated with higher DCR (RR 1.31 (0.96- 1.79), p=0.09), PFS (HR 0.82 (0.66-1.02), p=0.07) and OS (HR 1.01 (0.92-1.12), p=0.77). In terms of subgroup results, sorafenib monotherapy was associated with significant superior DCR and longer PFS, but failed to show advantage with regard to OS. Grade 3 or greater sorafenib-related adverse events included fatigue, hypertension, diarrhea, oral mucositis, rash and HFSR. Conclusions: SBT was revealed to yield no improvement in DCR, PFS and OS. However, sorafenib as monotherapy showed some activity in NSCLC. Further evaluation may be considered in subsets of patients who may benefit from this treatment. Sorafenib combined inhibition therapy should be limited unless the choice of platinum-doublet regimen, administration sequence or identification of predictive biomarkers are considered to receive better anti-tumor activity and prevention of resistance mechanisms.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the nutritive values of white panicled rice (Oryza sativa L., WPR) silage manufactured with WPR grown in reclaimed paddy field of Bigumdo of Korea in 2011. The WPR used in this study were collected in 1,000 ha of reclaimed paddy field of Bigumdo and was harvested at dough stage and ensiled. The yield of whole crop rice (WCR) grown in region received the most severe damage (MSD) was lower as about 800 kg/ha as than that in region of normal growth (NG). The content of crude protein and total digestible nutrient in WCR of MSD slightly increased, as compared to that in WCR of NG, but the contents of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber significantly decreased (p<0.05). The pH in WCR silage of MSD and NG ranged from 4.5 to 5.0 and pH decreased by the inoculation of lactic bacteria (p<0.05). The content of lactic acid in WCR silage of MSD and NG increased by the inoculation of lactic bacteria (p<0.05), but the content of acetic acid and butyric acid decreased (p<0.05). Flieg's score in WCR silage of MSD and NG inoculated lactic bacteria increased from 2 to 3 grade, as comparing to non-inoculation of lactic bacteria. Therefore, this study suggests that WPR can be utilized as forage.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2007

Pink root disease of onion, a known worldwide constraint upon onion production, significantly reduces crop levels in the main Korea cultivation area. In order to examine the effect of flooding on incidence of pink root disease caused by Pyrenochaeta terrestris and on onion growth and on populations of soil fungi, field experiments were conducted during two seasons, 2003/04 and 2004/05 at Onion Research Institute. Populations of soil fungi from fields were assayed on selective media. Flooding treatment was effective in reducing populations of P. terrestris, Pythium spp., and Rhizoctonia sp. in soil; fungal populations in soils flooded for 90 days were reduced to 1/2 to 1/3 of those in non-flooded soils. In nursery bed, protective activities of soils flooded for over 60 days were 93.5 to 99.2% and their pink root incidences were less than 5%, which were 1/11 to 1/18 of that in control. Increased yield of onion bulbs was associated with control of soil borne pathogenic fungi by flooding treatments. As flooding period was prolonged, bulb grade showed the tendency to increase. Soil flooding for over 60 days resulted in effective disease control, facilitated accurate planning of plant population in the field, extension of the growing-season and consequently higher yields of better quality.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2011

During mechanical demolition of RC structures, weights of dismantling equipment and demolition waste of building are applied to unexpected load which did not be considered during the design of structural member. Nevertheless, the loading of dismantling equipment and dismantling process are mainly dependent on field managers' field workers' or experiences without considering safety of structural member by a structural engineer. It is urgently required that reflecting actual circumstance of mechanical demolition, safety evaluation method to evaluate the safety and the guideline for appropriate capacity of structural member to support dismantling equipment weight, be provided. Through site investigation and questionnaire on field workers, this paper proposed demolition waste load, load factor, strength reduction factor, and so on. These are essential to safe evaluation of a building, ready to demolition. Considering actual circumstance of mechanical demolition, safety evaluation method of building and design method of slab and beam was suggested to a dilapidated building. An capability to loading of dismantling equipment was proposed, applied to RC slab and RC beam. Therefore, the suggested safety evaluation method and the guideline for an capability to loading of dismantling equipment weight can reasonably evaluate the capacity of structural member in demolition and use effectively as increasing efficiency and improving safety of demolition through proper management of dismantling equipments.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

pH of oriental medicine sludge was 5.3, which was similar to 5.2 of the main ingredient, corncob. Its sugar content, however, was 4.8 mg/g, which was 2.5 times higher than concorb's 1.9 mg/g. According to the addition content analysis of oriental medicine sludge by using blood agar plate, the experimental group showed much more robust growth than the control group. 10% of oriental medicine sludge was added to corncob and pine tree sawdust for test-tube culture. Then they were cultivated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 6 days after inoculating Flammulina velutipes liquid spawn. The control group and experimental group showed 2.2~3.4 and 5.8~6.4 cm hypae growths respectively. At the field test for 10% herbal medicine refuse, mushroom yield dropped by 5% compared to the control group. However, it had distinctively lower number of deformity and the 2nd grade products. An economic analysis was conducted based on the cultivation facility that produces 160,000 mushrooms per day. The analysis demonstrated that the facility can save 50,000,000 won in the starting year and 130,000,000 won in the following years from the unit cost of production excluding labour and operation cost.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.36.1-36.9
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• 2015

Background: This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with rice bran, sire breed and gender on live animal performance and carcass characteristics in Australian crossbred and purebred Merino lambs. Methods: Forty-eight lambs balanced by sire breed (Dorset, White Suffolk, Merino) and gender (ewe, wether) were randomly allocated into three dietary supplementation groups (Control- 24 lambs fed wheat/barley-based pellets, Low- 12 animals fed a 50/50 ratio of wheat-based/rice bran pellets, and High- 12 lambs fed rice bran pellets). The Rice bran pellets replaced 19 % of the barley component of the feed. Animals were group-fed at the rate of 1000 g of the supplement per head per day with ad libitum access to lucerne hay as the basal diet and water. The duration of the feeding trial was 49 days with an initial 21-day adjustment period. Results: Sire breed differences were evident for initial (p < 0.0002) and final (p < 0.0016) liveweights, hot carcass (p < 0.0030) and cold carcass (p < 0.0031) weights, as well as dressing percentage (p < 0.0078), fat thickness (p < 0.0467), yield grade (p < 0.0470) and rib eye area (p < 0.0022) with purebred Merino under-performing compared to the crossbreds. Concentrate feed conversion efficiency, costs per unit of liveweight gain and over the hooks income were comparable between treatments regardless of the observed trend where the high supplementation group tended to show lower feed intake (745.8 g/day) compared to both the control (939.9 g/day) and low supplementation groups (909.6 g/day). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between treatments for live animal performance, carcass characteristics, gender and their second-order interactions. Conclusions: Results indicate that Rice bran can be utilised as a cost-effective supplementary feed source in genetically divergent sheep over a 49-day feeding period without detrimental effects on overall live animal performance or carcass characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2012

When ginseng seedlings are cultured in paddy fields, quality degradation and yield reduction are induced by severe plant loss with chlorosis on leaves occurred physiological disorder by excessive salt and poor drainage, rusty-root occurrence, and root rot etc. Accordingly, in order to solve these problems, this study was performed to investigate the treatment method, concentrations and time of activated ion calcium as environment-friendly agricultural materials. Activated ion calcium is an enriched and purified water-soluble mineral calcium component for absorbing quickly into plant as a highly functional calcium and it is an alkaline calcium of 37% (370 $m{\ell}$/1 ${\ell}$) concentration with pH 13. Treatment method was that ginseng seeds were sown after removing water in the shade after seed immersion for 1 minute with active ion calcium of 20-fold diluted solution, and then irrigated $4{\ell}$ per 3.3 $m^2$ with 200-fold, 400-fold, and 600-fold diluted solution before emergence on late March, and supplied 1 time on leaves with 500-fold diluted solution in June and July respectively. The disease rate by treatment of activated ion calcium was that on the treatment of soil irrigated with 200-fold diluted solution compared to non-treated soil, damping-off was 33%, anthracnose was 100% reduced and the occurrence rate of rusty-root was 30% reduced. In addition, when active ion calcium of 200-fold diluted solution were soil irrigated, first and second grade ginseng were respectively 26% and 22% produced more, compared with control.