• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2022

In this study, conditions for extraction of functional component from Nypa fruticans wurmb was optimized. The yield by extraction with 30% ethanol (LE30, 42.12%) was higher than those hot water extraction (LDW 33.32%), 50% ethanol (LE50, 40.12%) and 70% ethanol (LE70, 34.5%). The extract was purified and analyzed by GC MS. The prevailing compounds found in extract were Cyclodecasiloxane-, pentadecanoic acid, -eicosane, undecanal and tridecanoic acid. The presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in ethanolic extract vindicate the use of this plant to treat many diseases in traditional medicine. The total phenolic contents in the LDW, LE30, LE50, LE70 extract were 128±1.65 mg/g, 205±2.3 mg/g, 210±4.23 mg/g and 180±5.6 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH was highest in LE70 extract (1,000 ㎍/mL, 81.14%), ABTS was highest in LE50 extract (1,000 ㎍/mL, 84.14%). The protective effects against oxidative stress in raw 264.7 cell imparted by the LE50 extract was better than those imparted by the other extracts. The findings of the present study suggest that 50% ethanol is best solvent for extraction of Nypa fruticans Wurmb, considering yield, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activities with extraction cost.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 1999

To investigate the effects of planting density and nitrogen level on growth and yield potential of newly bred heavy panicle japonica rice with large grain (Iksan 435 and Iksan 438) or many spikelets per panicle(HR14022-21-8-4 and HR14022-21-8-6), four heavy panicle type rices and two many panicle type rices(Dongjinbyeo and Donganbyeo) as the checks were planted under standard planting density (30$\times$15 cm) and dense planting density (15$\times$15 cm) with two nitrogen levels of standard nitrogen level(110 kg h $a^{-1}$) and heavy nitrogen level(165 kg h $a^{-1}$). Effective tiller rate decreased in dense planting or heavy nitrogen, when compared to standard nitrogen and planting, while leaf area index and to dry weight increased in dense planting or heavy nitrogen. Tiller numbers and panicle numbers were more increased by dense planting than heavy nitrogen, whereas spikelet numbers were more increased by heavy nitrogen than dense planting. Ripened grain ratio was slightly lower only in dense planting. 1,000 grain weight in brown rice was not significantly different in dense planting or heavy nitrogen. Milled rice yield was highest in heavy nitrogen with standard planting for heavy panicle type rice, while yield for many panicle type rice was highest in heavy nitrogen with dense planting, suggesting that many panicle type rice possesses higher adapt-ability for dense planting than heavy panicle type rice. Path coefficient analysis revealed that top dry weight, spikelet number and grain weight were the greatest positive contributors to yield, whereas tiller number was negative to yield.d.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.297-302
• /
• 2008

Application of genotype by environment ($G\;{\times}\;E$) interaction would be used for identifying optimum test condition of the varietal adaptation in the establishment of breeding purpose. Yield and yield components were used to perform additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis. Significant difference for $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction were observed for all variable examined. For yield, 0.18 of total sum of squares corresponded to $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction. Correlation analysis was carried out between genotypic scores of the first interaction principal component axis (IPCA 1) for agronomic characters. Significant correlations were observed between IPCA 1 for yield and capsule bearing stem length (CBSL), number of capsule per plant (NOC). The biplot of grain yield means for IPCA1 which accounted for 34% of the variation in total treatment sums of squares showed different reaction according to $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction, genotypes and environments. Taegu showed relatively lower positive IPCA1 scores, and it also showed smaller coefficient variation of yield mean where it is recommendable as a optimal site for the sesame cultivar adaptation and evaluation trial. In case of variables, Yangbaek and M1 showed relatively lower IPCA1 scores, but the score direction showed opposite each other on the graph. Ansan, Miryang1, Miryang4, and Miryang6 seemed to be similar group in view of yield response against IPCA1 scores. These results will be helpful to select experimental site for sesame in Korea to minimize $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction for the selection of promising genotype with higher stability.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.408-417
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Yield monitoring systems are an essential component of precision agriculture. They indicate the spatial variability of crop yield in fields, and have become an important factor in modern harvesters. The objective of this paper was to review research trends related to yield monitoring sensors for grain crops. Methods: The literature was reviewed for research on the major sensing components of grain yield monitoring systems. These major components included grain flow sensors, moisture content sensors, and cutting width sensors. Sensors were classified by sensing principle and type, and their performance was also reviewed. Results: The main targeted harvesting grain crops were rice, wheat, corn, barley, and grain sorghum. Grain flow sensors were classified into mass flow and volume flow methods. Mass flow sensors were mounted primarily at the clean grain elevator head or under the grain tank, and volume flow sensors were mounted at the head or in the middle of the elevator. Mass flow methods used weighing, force impact, and radiometric approaches, some of which resulted in measurement error levels lower than 5% ($R^2=0.99$). Volume flow methods included paddle wheel type and optical type, and in the best cases produced error levels lower than 3%. Grain moisture content sensing was in many cases achieved using capacitive modules. In some cases, errors were lower than 1%. Cutting width was measured by ultrasonic distance sensors mounted at both sides of the header dividers, and the errors were in some cases lower than 5%. Conclusions: The design and fabrication of an integrated yield monitoring system for a target crop would be affected by the selection of a sensing approach, as well as the layout and mounting of the sensors. For accurate estimation of yield, signal processing and correction measures should be also implemented.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권8호
• /
• pp.1073-1082
• /
• 2012

We first sought to clarify the effects of discounted rate, survival rate, and lactation persistency as a component trait of the selection index on net merit, defined as the first five lactation milks and herd life (HL) weighted by 1 and 0.389 (currently used in Japan), respectively, in units of genetic standard deviation. Survival rate increased the relative economic importance of later lactation traits and the first five lactation milk yields during the first 120 months from the start of the breeding scheme. In contrast, reliabilities of the estimated breeding value (EBV) in later lactation traits are lower than those of earlier lactation traits. We then sought to clarify the effects of applying single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on net merit to improve the reliability of EBV of later lactation traits to maximize their increased economic importance due to increase in survival rate. Net merit, selection accuracy, and HL increased by adding lactation persistency to the selection index whose component traits were only milk yields. Lactation persistency of the second and (especially) third parities contributed to increasing HL while maintaining the first five lactation milk yields compared with the selection index whose only component traits were milk yields. A selection index comprising the first three lactation milk yields and persistency accounted for 99.4% of net merit derived from a selection index whose components were identical to those for net merit. We consider that the selection index comprising the first three lactation milk yields and persistency is a practical method for increasing lifetime milk yield in the absence of data regarding HL. Applying SNP to the second- and third-lactation traits and HL increased net merit and HL by maximizing the increased economic importance of later lactation traits, reducing the effect of first-lactation milk yield on HL (genetic correlation ($r_G$) = -0.006), and by augmenting the effects of the second- and third-lactation milk yields on HL ($r_G$ = 0.118 and 0.257, respectively).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.202-213
• /
• 1973

본 연구의 제1보에 뒤이어서 방향족 염소유도체외 Szilard Chalmer 반응으로 얻어진 유기충치 성분을 분리하여서 표지 조건을 검토하였다. 여러가지 성분을 모두 분리할 수는 없었으나 주성분을 증류법 및 박층 Chromatography등으로 분리하였으며 그 화학구조가 원시료의 표지물임을 확인하였다. 고체시료의 경우에는 주성분이 유기표지물의 80-60%이였고 액체시료에 있어서는 70% 이하였다. 장시간 조사하면 주성분 수율이 증가되었으나 방사선에 불안정한 화합물의 경우에는 도리어 감소하였다. Chromatography로 분리되는 부생성물들의 수율은 액체시료의 경우 많았으나 고체의 경우는 이 보다 적었고 따라서 주생성물의 분리가 용이하였다. 각 화합물의 표지수율을 표시하고 Chromatography에 의한 분리조건을 논의하였으며 이 표지 방식의 실용성을 화학구조와 관련시켜 고찰하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.353-353
• /
• 2017

Rice yield of South Korea in 2015 was the highest of the last 30 years. It is important issue to establish food policy whether the historically highest yield in 2015 can be continued or just one-off event. Therefore, it is necessary to understand whether such a high yield as 2015 will be reoccurred. The aim of this study was to find out what climatic factor affect rice yield and how often these climatic factor could occur. For this study, the yield monitoring data from National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration and the meteorological data provided by Korea Meteorological Administration are used to identify the weather conditions could cause high yield, and how often these conditions occurred in the past. Our results indicated that such as high yield as 2015 could occur only when the mean sunshine hours of July and the mean sunshine hours from the end of August to early September was more than 5.1 hours and 6 hours, respectively. Mean sunshine hour of July may be related to grain number. The mean sunshine hour from the end of August to early September was presumed to relate to grain filling ratio. The relationship between monthly mean temperature and yield or yield component was not clear in this study. In this study, any cycle of high weather condition was not found. Therefore, the probability of high yield weather condition was expressed by frequency. The frequency of the sunshine hour, could make high yield, were 8/35 (23%) over the past 35 years. And the frequency of two years consecutive sunshine hour condition, which could cause high yield, was 1/35 (2.9%). The frequency of recurrence of sunshine hour making high yield within the next 5 years or 10 years after high yield weather condition were 4/35 (11.4%). After all, the high yield as much as yield of 2015 could not be one-off event. But it was not also consecutive event.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.191-195
• /
• 1985

산지경사도(山地傾斜度)($10^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\;30^{\circ}$) 및 3요소(要素)($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$) 시용수준(施用水準)(0-0-0, 14-10-10, 28-25-25, 42-40-40kg/10a) 별(別) 겉뿌림 산지초지(山地草地)의 조성(造成), 생산성(生産性), 식생(植生) 및 목초품질등(牧草品質等)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하였다. 식생구성비율(植生構成比率)에 관(關)해 검토(檢討)하였다. Orchardgrass, Tall fescue, Redtop, Ladino clover를 혼파(混播) 수년초지(水年草地)의 2년간(年間) 시험결과(試驗結果)는 ; 1. 경사도(傾斜度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라서 총건물수량(總乾物收量), 구성초종중(構成草種中) 화본과목초(禾本科牧草) 및 두과목초(荳科牧草)의 수량(收量)은 유의성(有意性)있게 크게 감소(減少)되었으나 잡초수량(雜草收量)은 유의차(有意差)가 없었다. 또한 경사도(傾斜度)가 높아짐에 따라서 파종목초(播種牧草)의 정착율(定着率)이 잡초(雜草)에 비(比)해서 상대적(相對的)으로 낮았다. 2. 3 요소수준(要素水準)의 증가(增加)는 총수량(總數量), 구성초종중(構成草種中) 화본과목초(禾本科牧草)의 수량(收量) 및 목초율(牧草率)을 크게 증가(增加)시켰으나, 잡초(雜草)의 수량변화(收量變化)는 경미(輕微)하였다. 두과목초(荳科牧草)의 수량(收量)은 질소(窒素) 소비수준(少肥水準)에서 가장 높았으며 높은 3 요소수준(要素水準) (특(特)히 질소영향(窒素影響))에서는 감소(減少)되었다. 3. 경사도(傾斜度)에 따라서 생산성(生産性), 수량구성요소(收量構成要素) 및 시비효율이 다른 특성(特性)을 나타내므로 혼파초종(混播草種)의 선택(選擇), 파종량(播種量), 시비량(施肥量), 초지조성(草地造成) 및 관리이용(管理利用) 방법(方法)에 차이(差異)를 두어야 할 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.394-406
• /
• 2004

A split-plot designed experiment including four rice varieties and 10 nitrogen levels was conducted in 2003 at the Experimental Farm of Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea. Before heading, hyperspectral canopy reflectance (300-1100nm with 1.55nm step) and nine crop variables such as shoot fresh weight (SFW), leaf area index, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf N concentration, shoot N concentration, leaf N density, shoot N density and N nutrition index were measured at 54 and 72 days after transplanting. Grain yield, total number of spikelets, number of filled spikelets and 1000-grain weight were measured at harvest. 14,635 narrow-band NDVIs as combinations of reflectances at wavelength ${\lambda}l\;and\;{\lambda}2$ were correlated to the nine crop variables. One NDVI with the highest correlation coefficient with a given crop variable was selected as the NDVI of the best fit for this crop variable. As expected, models to predict crop variables before heading using the NDVI of the best fit had higher $r^2$ (>10\%)$ than those using common broad- band NDVI red or NDVI green. The models with the narrow-band NDVI of the best fit overcame broad- band NDVI saturation at high LAI values as frequently reported. Models using NDVIs of the best fit at booting showed higher predictive capacity for yield and yield component than models using crop variables.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 1999

Though development of diverse and highly value-added commodities in Artemisia Iwayomogi, we can expect such effects as procurement of secure farm's production bases and promotion of consumer's demands. Thus, as a first step for development of funtional foods of Artemisia Iwayomogi, solids yield, physical properties and scopoletin contents which is main component of Artemisia Iwayomogi, were investigated according to extration solvents and temperatures. The main result of this experiment were as following: solid yield in 50% ethanol extracts showed higher than those of water extracts at the same temperature. In condition of 50% ethanol extracts, solid yield, degree of browing and scopoletin contents showed increasing, but turbidities which mean transmittance(%T) showed decreasing sa temperature rise. In water extracts, pH values showed increasing as temperature rise.