• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.37 no.11
• /
• pp.897-913
• /
• 2004

There has been continuous efforts to manage the water resources for the required water quality criterion at river channel in Korea. However, we could not obtain the partial improvement only for the point source pollutant such as, wastewater from urban and industrial site through the water quality management. Therefore, it is strongly needed that the Best Management Practice(BMP) throughout the river basin for water quality management including non-point source pollutant loads. This problem should be resolved by recognizing the non-point source pollutant loads from upstream river basin to the outlet depends on the land use and soil type characteristic of the river basin using the computer simulation by distributed parameter model based on the detailed investigation and the application of Geographic Information System(GIS). Used in this study, Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AnnAGNPS) model is a tool suitable for long term evaluation of the effects of BMPs and can be used for un gauged watershed simulation of runoff and sediment yield. Now applications of model are in progress. So we just describe the limited result. However If well have done modeling and have investigated of propriety of model, well achieve our final goal of this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.773-781
• /
• 2008

As buildings are becoming taller and longer-spanned, the requirements of high-strength and reliable steels are becoming increasingly stringent. Structural steels, however, acquire significantly different mechanical properties when their strength becomes higher. In this study, the mechanical properties, welding characteristics, and conformities of the 600MPa-grade high-strength steel were tested. The 600MPa-grade steel plates exhibited stable criterion strengthvalues and showed low carbon equivalents (${\mathcal{Ceq}}$) and composition (${\mathcal{Pcm}}$) as well as excellent welding hardness. In the tensile strength test, all the specimens were found to have strengths of over 600MPa. In the Sharphy impact test, the impact-absorbed energy of the V-notch specimens was shown to be 47J at the KS limit. Moreover, the maximum hardness of the specimens in the weld-heat-affected zone at a normal temperature was the same as that before welding. Their weld metal properties, however, were found not to be as good as those of high-strength steel. As such, the details of high-strength steel must be determined.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2017

Numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the habitability of an operator for a cabinet fire in the main control room of a nuclear power plant presented in NUREG-1934. To this end, a Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), as a representative fire model, was used. As the criteria for determining the habitability of operator, toxic products, such as CO, were also considered, as well as radiative heat flux, upper layer temperature, smoke layer height, and optical density of smoke. As a result, the probabilities of exceeding the criteria for habitability were evaluated through the sensitivity analysis of the major input parameters and the uncertainty analysis of fire model for various fire scenarios, based on V&V (Verification and Validation). Sensitivity analyses of the maximum heat release rate, CO and soot yields, showed that the habitable time and the limit criterion, which determined the habitability, could be changed. The present methodology will be a realistic alternative to enhancing the reliability for a habitability evaluation in the main control room using uncertain information of cabinet fires.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.404-416
• /
• 2020

An analytical procedure for calculating the failure load of a V-shaped rock notch under two-dimensional stress conditions was developed based on the slip-line plastic analysis method. The key idea utilized in the development is the fact that the α-line, one of the slip-lines, extends from the rock notch surface to the horizontal surface outside the notch when the rock around the notch is in the plastic state, and that there exists an invariant which is constant along the α-line. Since the stress boundary condition of the horizontal surface outside the rock notch is known, it is possible to calculate the normal and shear stresses acting on the rock notch surface by solving the invariant equation. The notch failure load exerted by the wedge was calculated using the calculated stress components for the notch surface. Rock notch failure analysis was performed by applying the developed analytical procedure. The analysis results show that the failure load of the rock notch increases with exponential nonlinearity as the angle of the notch and the friction of the notch surface increase. The analytical procedure developed in this study is expected to have applications to the study of fracture initiation in rocks through wedge-shaped notch formation, calculation of bearing capacity of the rock foundation, and stability analysis of rock slopes and circular tunnels.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.13B no.7 s.110
• /
• pp.633-642
• /
• 2006

In the Internet environment many interactions between many users and unknown users take place and it is usually rare to have the trust information about others. Due to the lack of trust information, entities have to take some risks in transactions with others. In this perspective, it is crucial for the entities to be equipped with functionality to accumulate and manage the trust information on other entities in order to reduce risks and uncertainty in their transactions. This paper is concerned with a quantitative computational trust model which takes into account multiple evaluation criteria and uses the recommendation from others in order to get the trust for an entity. In the proposed trust model, the trust for an entity is defined as the expectation for the entity to yield satisfactory outcomes in the given situation. Once an interaction has been made with an entity, it is assumed that outcomes are observed with respect to evaluation criteria. When the trust information is needed, the satisfaction degree, which is the probability to generate satisfactory outcomes for each evaluation criterion, is computed based on the empirical outcome outcome distributions and the entity's preference degrees on the outcomes. Then, the satisfaction degrees for evaluation criteria are aggregated into a trust value. At that time, the reputation information is also incorporated into the trust value. This paper also shows that the model could help the entities effectively choose other entities for transactions with some experiments in e-commerce.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 2015

The IRR(internal rate of return) is often used by investors for the evaluation of engineering projects. Unfortunately, it has serial flaws: (1) multiple real-valued IRRs may arise; (2) complex-valued IRRs may arise; (3) the IRR is, in special cases, incompatible with the net present value (NPV) in accept/reject decisions. The efforts of management scientists and economists in providing a reliable project rate of return have generated over the decades an immense amount of contributions aiming to solve these shortcomings. Especially, multiple internal rate of returns (IRRs) have a fatal flaw when we decide to accep it or not. To solve it, some researchers came up with external rate of returns (ERRs) such as ARR (Average Rate of Return) or MIRR (MIRR, Modified Internal Rate of Return). ARR or MIRR. will also always yield the same decision for a engineering project consistent with the NPV criterion. The ERRs are to modify the procedure for computing the rate of return by making explicit and consistent assumptions about the interest rate at which intermediate receipts from projects may be invested. This reinvestment could be either in other projects or in the outside market. However, when we use traditional ERRs, a volume of capital investment is still unclear. Alternatively, the productive rate of return (PRR) can settle these problems. Generally, a rate of return is a profit on an investment over a period of time, expressed as a proportion of the original investment. The time period is typically the life of a project. The PRR is based on the full life of the engineering project. but has been annualised to project one year. And the PRR uses the effective investment instead of the original investment. This method requires that the cash flow of an engineering project must be separated into 'investment' and 'loss' to calculate the PRR value. In this paper, we proposed a tabulated form for easy calculation of the PRR by modifing the profit and loss statement, and the cash flow statement.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.32 no.9
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 2016

Parametric studies for various site conditions by using 3d numerical model were carried out in order to estimate dynamic behavior of soil-pile-structure system in dry soil deposits. Proposed model was analyzed in time domain using FLAC3D which is commercial finite difference code to properly simulate nonlinear response of soil under strong earthquake. Mohr-Coulomb criterion was adopted as soil constitutive model. Soil nonlinearity was considered by adopting the hysteretic damping model, and an interface model which can simulate separation and slip between soil and pile was adopted. Simplified continuum modeling was used as boundary condition to reduce analysis time. Also, initial shear modulus and yield depth were appropriately determined for accurate simulation of system's nonlinear behavior. Parametric study was performed by varying weight of superstructure, pile length, pile head fixity, soil relative density with proposed numerical model. From the results of parametric study, it is identified that inertial force induced by superstructure is dominant on dynamic behavior of soil-pile-structure system and effect of kinematic force induced by soil movement was relatively small. Difference in dynamic behavior according to the pile length and pile head fixity was also numerically investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.143-150
• /
• 1996

This is an explicit-Implicit, finite element analysis for linear as well as nonlinear hygrothermal stress problems. Additional features, such as moisture diffusion equation, crack element and virtual crack extension(VCE ) method for evaluating J-integral are implemented in this program. The Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics(LEFM) Theory is employed to estimate the crack driving force under the transient condition for and existing crack. Pores in materials are assumed to be saturated with moisture in the liquid form at the room temperature, which may vaporize as the temperature increases. The vaporization effects on the crack driving force are also studied. The Ideal gas equation is employed to estimate the thermodynamic pressure due to vaporization at each time step after solving basic nodal values. A set of field equations governing the time dependent response of porous media are derived from balance laws based on the mixture theory Darcy's law Is assumed for the fluid flow through the porous media. Perzyna's viscoplastic model incorporating the Von-Mises yield criterion are implemented. The Green-Naghdi stress rate is used for the invariant of stress tensor under superposed rigid body motion. Isotropic elements are used for the spatial discretization and an iterative scheme based on the full newton-Raphson method is used for solving the nonlinear governing equations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.521-526
• /
• 2017

In the GTA welding process of Al 7075 alloy using different types of filler metals, the tensile test and micro-hardness test were conducted to evaluate the mechanical characteristics. Also, the radiographic test result showed that the weld met the criterion of level 1 in accordance with KS D 0242 for verifying the welding integrity and there were no welding defects. The tensile test result obtained using Al 7075 as a filler metal showed that the material was fractured in the weld zone. The tensile strengths of the materials using Al 7075 and ER 4043 as the filler metal were about 240MPa and 253MPa, their yield strengths were about 132MPa and 120MPa and their elongation percentages were 6.6% and 13%, respectively. The micro-hardness value of the deposited metal zone when using Al 7075 as the filler metal was Hv 132. However, the micro-hardness of the material using ER4043 as the filler metal was about 24% lower than that using Al 7075. When the chemical composition of the filler metal is the same as that of the material itself, fracture can occur in the deposited metal zone. Therefore, it is not desirable to use the same material as the filler metal for the welding of Al 7075 alloy. Moreover, the use of Al-Si based ER 4043 as a filler metal is more desirable than using the same material as a filler metal for welding Al 7075.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.71-89
• /
• 2023

A groundwater potential map (GPM) was built for the Nakdonggang River Basin based on ten variables, including hydrogeologic unit, fault-line density, depth to groundwater, distance to surface water, lineament density, slope, stream drainage density, soil drainage, land cover, and annual rainfall. To integrate the thematic layers for GPM, the criteria were first weighted using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) and then overlaid using the Technique for Ordering Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model. Finally, the groundwater potential was categorized into five classes (very high (VH), high (H), moderate (M), low (L), very low (VL)) and verified by examining the specific capacity of individual wells on each class. The wells in the area categorized as VH showed the highest median specific capacity (5.2 m³/day/m), while the wells with specific capacity < 1.39 m³/day/m were distributed in the areas categorized as L or VL. The accuracy of GPM generated in the work looked acceptable, although the specific capacity data were not enough to verify GPM in the studied large watershed. To create GPMs for the determination of high-yield well locations, the resolution and reliability of thematic maps should be improved. Criterion values for groundwater potential should be established when machine learning or statistical models are used in the GPM evaluation process.