• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 멀티코아 프로세서 상에서 프로세서와 메모리를 집중적으로 사용하는 다양한 워크로드들에 대한 온도특성을 연구한다. 일반적으로 프로세서의 온도관리를 위한 측정 지표로 평균온도와 온도범위 보다는 온도변화의 정도가 더 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 프로그램 실행 중에 온도변화를 분석하고, 워크로드의 온도변화의 정도를 정량화하는 측정 지표를 제안한다. 제안된 온도변화 측정 지표를 사용하여 인텔 Core 2 Duo 프로세서 상의 SPEC CPU2006 벤치마크들에 대해 쿨링 조건 및 클럭 주파수를 변경해 가며 온도변화를 분석한다. 분석 결과, 각 벤치마크 프로그램에 따라 서로 다른 유형의 온도 변화를 보였다. 이러한 온도변화는 쿨링 조건과 동작 클럭 주파수 및 멀티프로그래밍 워크로드에 영향을 받았다. 또한 코아들 사이의 공간적 위치에 따라서도 다른 온도 변화 특성을 보였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 온도변화 측정 지표와 연구 분석된 결과들은 향후 멀티코아 온도관리를 위한 연구에 활용하면 효과적인 온도관리가 기대된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.555-563
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• 1996

Nationwide incidence survey was conducted to estimate the annual incidence rates of colorectal cancer among Koreans between Jan 1, 1988 and Dec 31, 1989. The population of the incidence survey was the beneficiaries of Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC), which were about 4,500,000 persons. The medical records of patients with diagnosis of either ICD-9 153(colon cancer), 154(rectal caner), 197(secondary malignant neoplasm of digestive and respiratory system), or 211(benign neoplasm of digestive system) were abstracted for the period with the standard format. The diagnosis was confirmed by one oncologist through the review of these abstracts. The numerator of the rate was finally defined as the incident colorectal cancer cases diagnosed between July 1, 1988 and June 30, 1989. The crude annual incidence of colorectal cancer for men was 13.1 per 100,000 and 10.6 for women, which was still low when compared with those of Japan and China during the same period. Age-adjusted sex ratio was 1.2 for right-sided colon cancer and 1.9 for left-sided colon cancer. The excess of right colon cancer among postmenopausal women was remarkable, so further analytical approach would be needed to investigate which factors are related with this phenomenon.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.97-100
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• 2006

애잠자리각다귀(Tipula nova Alexander)는 실험실에서 실온으로 사육하면, 1년에 3세대를 경과하였다. 4월에 산란된 1세대는 그 기간이 51일에서 117일이 소요되었고, 7월에 산란된 2세대는 57일에서 93일이, 9월에 산란되어 다음 해 봄까지 성장하는 3세대는 79일에서 200일이 소요되었다. 봄에 산란된 알을 실험실에서 부화시켜 봄부터 여름까지 실온에서 사육했을 때, 이 종의 생활사 전 과정은 다음과 같이 진행되었다. 알은 산란된 후 보통 $7{\sim}10$일에 부화되었다. 1령 유충 기간은 $7{\sim}10$일, 2령기 $7{\sim}12$일, 3령기는 $7{\sim}11$일 정도였다. 4령기 유충은 $17{\sim}50$일이 경과하여 용이 되었다. 용은 $3{\sim}6$일이면 우화하여 성충이 될 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1177-1182
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• 2012

Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in carcinogenesis and displays variable expression profiles during cancer progression. Studies of dietary phytochemicals on cancer signalling pathway regulation have been conducted to search for potent signalling regulatory agents. The present study was designed to evaluate any suppressive effect of maslinic acid on PKC expression in human B-lymphoblastoid cells (Raji cells), and to identify the PKC isoforms expressed. Effects of maslinic acid on PKC activity were determined using a PepTag$^{(R)}$ assay for non-radioactive detection of PKC. The highest expression in Raji cells was obtained at 20 nM PMA induced for 6 hours. Suppressive effects of maslinic acid were compared with those of four PKC inhibitors (H-7, rottlerin, sphingosine, staurosporine) and two triterpenes (oleanolic acid and ursolic acid). The $IC_{50}$ values achieved for maslinic acid, staurosporine, H-7, sphingosine, rottlerin, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were 11.52, 0.011, 0.767, 2.45, 5.46, 27.93 and $39.29\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Four PKC isoforms, PKC ${\beta}I$, ${\beta}II$, ${\delta}$, and ${\zeta}$, were identified in Raji cells via western blotting. Maslinic acid suppressed the expression of PKC ${\beta}I$, ${\delta}$, and ${\zeta}$ in a concentration-dependent manner. These preliminary results suggest promising suppressive effects of maslinic acid on PKC activity in Raji cells. Maslinic acid could be a potent cancer chemopreventive agent that may be involved in regulating many downstream signalling pathways that are activated through PKC receptors.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.488-501
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develop various nutrition education materials, including an animated CD, for day care center children and their teachers and in order to apply the nutrition education programs systematically. We evaluated the effect of the nutrition education programs on nutrition knowledge in the first year, and the effect of the nutrition education programs on nutrition knowledge, food attitudes and eating behaviors in the second year in day care center children. In the first year, nutrition education foundational materials, such as the animated CD-ROM, videotape, textbook, panels, posters, slogans, leaflets, picture disks, hand puppets, stickers for compensation and poster boards were developed. The subjects were 537 children (286 boys,251 girls) aged four to six years. In the second year, nutrition education materials, such as the animated CD-ROM and textbook were developed. The nutrition education group included 368 children (177 boys 191 girls) aged four to six years, and the comparison group consisted of 108 children (54 boys,54 girls) Regarding the nutrition knowledge test results in the first year, the pre-test mean of children was 6.82, however, the post-test mean was 11.35 and showed a significant increase (p < 0.001). Regarding the nutrition knowledge test and the food attitude test results in the second yew, the nutrition education group had significantly higher scores than the comparison group in a post-test (p < 0.001). For the eating behavior test results, the post-test means between the comparison group and the nutrition education group were not significant. The test results show that several months of nutrition education is not enough to improve eating behaviors. As a result, nutrition education has improved nutrition knowledge and food attitudes in day care center children but short-term nutrition education was not sufficient to induce a change in eating behaviors. To improve eating behaviors in day care center children, nutrition education programs must be applied to day care center children in addition to their Parents and Persistent education will have to be continued.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2006

Though old generation criticizes on costume play that it is accepted by young generation without any criticism, it is gaining popularity and is settled with unique Korean characteristics. The study is to understand the characteristics of costume play and investigate on the attitude of costume players enjoying it. For this study, a survey was conducted on costume players who order tailor-made costumes or rent them by using references, existing papers and internet sites. The results are as follows. 1.37% of costume players live in Seoul and Gyeonggi area, 37% in Gyeongsang-do and Busan with 21% in other areas. Two areas shows higher rate than any other regions, as Seoul Comic and Busan Comic are held regularly and there are faster exchange with Japanese culture in these areas with enough money 2. Among costume players, female accounts for 73.7% with 26.3% male. It shows that female likes costume play more than male. It is because woman responds actively to what she likes than man does. The number of male is steadily increasing. By age, high school student is 40%, middle school student is 36%, older than 20 is 16% with 3% of elementary school student. 3.61% of them like the reproduction of character costumes, 14.7% like Pancos and another 14.7% likethe reproduction of character costumes and creation. 69.5% participates in costume play both in groups and individuals, 26.3% in groups and 4.2% in individuals. 45.3% participates in comic more than 8 times in a yew, 43.2%, 1-2 times and 11.6%, 3-4 times. Mostly they want $50,000{\sim}80,000$ won costume. 4. on the criticism of old generation that costume play is nothing but the imitation of Japanese culture, 87.4% of the respondents answered 'absolutely not' They think costume play is one of their favorite cultures. 5. on the parents response to costumeplay, 87% of the respondents answered 'Ethey understand', 13% said 'they cannot understand and dissent'. The respondents said costume play didn't affect their school records with 25% respondents who said they got better grades.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.969-975
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 식물뿌리의 굴중성 반응에 있어서 식물호르몬과 AtEXPA3 유전자와의 관계를 밝히고자 하였다. AtEXPA3 유전자의 RT-PCR을 통한 발현분석 결과 잎, 근출엽, 뿌리 꽃 등 생장이 활발한 조직에서 발현률이 높게 나타났으며, 굴중성 자극과 BRs, IAA에 의해서도 발현이 증가되었다. 또한 ethylene 생합성 저해제인 AVG를 처리하면 굴중성 반응이 현저히 억제되었는데 이는 ethylene 그 자체도 BR과 IAA처럼 굴중성을 촉진시키는 활성을 갖고 있음을 의미한다. 한편 호르몬을 처리하지 않은 AtEXPA3 RNAi mutant에서 굴중성 반응이 억제되는 현상은 애기장대 뿌리의 생장에 관여하는 AtEXPA3의 조절 인자로 BRs, auxin, ethylene 등의 식물호르몬이 관여하고 있음을 나타낸다. 아울러 BRs signaling mutant에서 변화된 굴중성(bri1-301, bak1에서 감소, BRI-GFP에 서 증가) 반응의 감소와 증가는 굴중성 반응이 BRs의 신호전달 과정을 통하여 일어남을 의미한다. 결론적으로 애기장대 뿌리의 굴중성 반응은 식물호르몬에 의한 AtEXPA3 유전자의 발현 증가의 결과로 인해 애기장대 뿌리의 생장이 촉진되어 나타나는 결과라 하겠다.

• 인문언어
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• 제5권
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• pp.75-92
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• 2003

One of the distinctive features of Korean language is that it has a fine hierarchical regimentation of language uses, perhaps finer than English, Chinese or Japanese. If English language uses have a hierarchical structure they are to be thick. You may respond to any of your male colleagues often by saying either "Yes, Sir" or "Yes, John". But Korean speakers attend to the One grades of differences of social positions of a speaker and a hearer and they show the respect of the difference by adding or dropping relevant suffixes of verbs which Korean language has developed. For example, one yew difference would affect how you choose a suffix of verbs you use to speak to your hearer and two year difference often leads to the adoption of still another fitting suffix of the same verb. One year criterion works not only in 3my barracks, school dormitories but also in government offices. business sectors. Korean speaking people have been taught to use this finely regimented hierarchical language. I try, in this paper, to develop the idea that hierarchical regimentation of Korean language uses is not humane. 1 of for the main argument for the thesis as what follows: How could one justify the hierarchical regimentation of a language like Korean\ulcorner Only if there is an essential structure in which the fine grades of differences of social positions of all the people are distinct; The essentialism here involved is not plausible. And I may add that language is to be used fur the purposes of communication, rationalization and expression. If true, language use is a genuine art of liberation or humanization. Any overt hierarchical language tends to damage those purposes and more to enforce those oppressive elements already existing in the community. Then, a hierarchical language is to defeat its own purpose.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2020

With the increasing demand on reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for water purification worldwide, the number of disposed membrane elements is expected to increase accordingly. Thus, recycling and reuse of end-of-life RO membranes should be a global environmental action. In this work, we aim to reuse the spent RO membrane for nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) process by subjecting the spent membrane to solvent and oxidizing solution treatment, respectively. Our results showed that solvent-treated RO membrane could perform as good as commercial NF membrane by achieving similar separation efficiencies, but with reduced water permeability due to membrane surface fouling. By degrading the polyamide layer of RO membrane, the transformed membrane could achieve high water permeability (85.6 L/㎡.h.bar) and excellent rejection against macromolecules (at least 87.4%), suggesting its reuse potential as UF membrane. More importantly, our findings showed that in-situ transformation on the spent RO membrane using solvent and oxidizing solution could be safely conducted as the properties of the entire spiral wound element did not show significant changes upon prolonged exposure of these two solutions. Our findings are important to open up new possibilities for the discarded RO membranes for reuse in NF and UF process, prolonging the lifespan of spent membranes and promoting the sustainability of the membrane process.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2021

Objectives: Many conditions of the oral and maxillofacial region require hospitalization and in-patient care. The average length of stay (LOS) of these patients varies and is usually affected by multiple confounding variables. However, even with an increasing number of hospital admissions, published evidence on the factors that affect the LOS of oral and maxillofacial patients is lacking. Therefore, this study assessed the LOS of in-patients at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of a government-funded, multi-specialty hospital in Malaysia, based on their reasons for admission and other factors. Materials and Methods: Our samples were collected retrospectively over a 5-year period and included patients with maxillofacial infections, post-trauma stabilization, facial bone fracture surgery, benign and malignant lesion surgery, dentoalveolar surgery, and other maxillofacial surgeries as reasons for admission. Factors potentially affecting LOS were also recorded, and their significance was determined using multiple logistic regression analyses. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: A total of 1,380 patients were included in this study. Most (84.5%) of our in-patients were of Malay ethnicity, and males outnumbered females in our sample by 502 subjects. The median LOS of our in-patients was 3 days. Sex, ethnicity, age, reason for admission, and American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification were factors that significantly affected LOS. Conclusion: The median LOS reported in this study was 3 days. LOS was significantly affected by sex, ethnicity, age, reason of admission and ASA classification.