• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

The approval of use of certain food-grade phosphates as food additives in a wide variety of meat products greatly stimulated research on the applications of phosphates in foods. Although phosphates have never been classified as antimicrobial agents, a number of investigators have reported that phosphates have antimicrobial activities. Phytic acid is a natural plant inositol hexaphosphate constituting 1-5% of most cereals, nuts, legumes, oil seeds, pollen, and spores. In this study, we investigated antibacterial activities of sodium phytate(SPT), sodium pyrophosphate (SPP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 on tryptic soy broth and in beef, pork and chicken. In tryptic soy broth, SPT, SPP and STPP at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5% effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a concentration-dependent manner. The bactericidal activity of SPT was the stronger than that of SPP or STPP at the same concentrations. In addition, the antibacterial effects of SPT, SPP and STPP at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% on Escherichia coli O157:H7 were also investigated in raw or cooked meats including beef, pork and chicken. SPT, SPP and STPP significantly inhibited the bacterial growth in a dose-dependant manner (p<0.05). The bactericidal effect of SPT was stronger than that of SPP or STPP. The addition of SPT, SPP and STPP in meats increased meat pHs. SPP and STPP also increased the levels of soluble orthophosphate in meats but STP did not. These results indicate that SPT is very effective for inhibition of bacterial growth and that can be used as a muscle food additive for increasing functions of meats.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.918-926
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• 2008

It is well known non-drug therapy for hypertension patients can reduce blood pressure. These types of therapy include maintaining ones ideal body weight, quitting smoking, consuming large amounts of fruits and vegetables consuming low levels of saturated fat and salt and regular exercise. Fermented milk protein derived biologically active peptides such as isoleucine-proline-proline_(IPP) or valine-proline-proline_(VPP) have been shown to lower blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. This study was conducted to investigate the antihypertensive effects of medical nutritional therapy _(MNT) in accordance with the consumption of fermented milk enriched with IPP and VPP. To accomplish this, we conducted a randomized case-controlled study of 43 subjects who had blood pressure levels greater than 120/80 mmHg. The subjects in the study group were randomly allocated into two groups, an MNT + fermented milk (100mL/day) group (n=21) and an MNT+L. helveticus fermented milk with tripeptides (IPP=2.2mg, VPP=2.6mg/100mL) group (n=22). The MNT included weight management, reduction of sodium, total fat and saturated fat intake, increased intake of fruits and vegetables, and increased intake of low fat dairy products. The treatments were administered for 12 weeks during which time no drug interventions were conducted. The daily intakes of total calories, fats, cholesterol and Na decreased significantly after 12 weeks of MNT in the control and the experimental groups. In addition, the systolic blood pressure de creased significantly in the control and experimental groups; however, the diastolic blood pressure only decreased significantly in the experimental group. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the intake of fermented milk containing IPP and VPP in conjunction with MNT exerted positive effects on the blood pressure of pre- and hypertensive subjects.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.227-242
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• 1986

This paper describes the observed behavior in the direct shear test on decomposed granite soil having the complicate engineering properties at various different levels of factors. The objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics of the decomposed granite soil under controlled various moisture content, dry density, strain rate and soaking which give influence to the shear strength. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The shear strength was decreased remarkably with the increasing of moisture contents of A and B soil were 5-10% and 15-20% respectively. 2. Cohesion and angle of internal friction were decreased with the increasing of moisture content and increased with the increasing of dry density. 3. The shear strength was increased with the increasing of normal stress and volume change was decreased on the whole. The shear strength was generally increased with the increasing of the strain rate. 4. As dry density increases, A-soil shows the progressive failure and the decrease of volume change while B-soil shows the initial failure and the increase of volume change. 5. The relationships between the soaked and unsoaked specimens were as follows ; ${\tau}_f=0.1009+1.026{{\tau}_f}^*$ (A-soil), ${\tau}_f=0.1586+0.8005{{\tau}_f}^*$ (B-soil) 6. Angle of internal friction of the direct shear test shows larger value than that of the triaxial compression test. All effective stress path was nearly similar.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.889-895
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• 2007

A conventional kinesin, KIF5/kinesin-I, is composed of two kinesin heavy chains (KHCs) and two kinesin light chains (KLCs) and binds directly to microtubules. KIF5 motor mediates the transport of various membranous organelles, but the mechanism how they recognize and bind to a specific cargo has not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify the neuronal protein(s) that interacts with the tetratricopeptide repeats (TRP) of KLCI and found a specific interaction with JNK/stress-activated protein kinase-associated protein 1 (JSAP1/JIPP3). The yeast two-hybrid assay demonstrated that the TRP 1,2 domain-containing region of KLCI mediated binding to the leucine zipper domain of JSAP1. JSAP1 also bound to the TRP region of lac2 but not to neuronal KIF5A, KIF5C and ubiquitous KIF5B in the yeast two-hybrid assay. In addition, these proteins showed specific interactions in the GST pull-down assay and by co-immunoprecipitation. KLCI and KIF5B interacted with GST-ISAP1 fusion proteins, but not with GST alone. An antibody to JSAPI specifically co-immunoprecipitated KIF5s associated with JSAP1 from mouse brain extracts. These results suggest that JSAP1, as KLC1 receptor, is involved in the KIF5 mediated transport.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate efficacy and feasibility of adaptive radiotherapy according to tumor volume change (TVC) in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Twenty-two lesions previously treated with SBRT were selected. SBRT was usually performed with a total dose of 48 Gy or 60 Gy in four fractions with an interval of three to four days between treatments. For evaluation of TVC, gross tumor volume (GTV) was contoured on each cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image used for image guidance. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning was performed in the first CBCT (CBCT1) using a baseline plan. For ART planning (ART), re-optimization was performed at $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$, and $4^{th}$ CBCTs (CBCT2, CBCT3, and CBCT4) using the same angle and constraint used for the baseline plan. The ART plan was compared with the non-ART plan, which generated copying of the baseline plan to other CBCTs. Average GTV volume was 10.7 cc. Average TVC was -1.5%, 7.3%, and -25.1% in CBCT2, CBCT3, and CBCT4 and the TVC after CBCT3 was significant (p<0.05). However, the nine lesions were increased GTV in CBCT2. In the ART plan, $V_{20\;Gy}$, $D_{1500\;cc}$, and $D_{1000\;cc}$ of lung were significantly decreased (p<0.05), and $V_{30\;Gy}$ and $V_{32\;Gy}$ of the chest wall were also decreased (p<0.05). While D min of planning target volume (PTV) decreased by 8.3% in the non-ART plan of CBCT2 compared with the baseline plan in lesions with increased tumor size (p=0.021), PTV coverage was not compromised in the ART plan. Based on this result, use of the ART plan may improve target coverage and OAR saving. Thus ART using CBCT should be considered in early stage NSCLC with SBRT.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 1997

The large scaled field test by prefabricated vertical drains was performed to evaluate the superiority of vertical discharge capacity for drain materials through compare and analyze the time-settlement behavior with drain spacing and the compression index and consolidation coefficient obtained by laboratory experiments and field monitoring system. 1. The relation of measurement settlement($S_m$) versus design settlement($S_t$) and measurement consolidation ratio($U_m$) versus design consolidation ratio($U_t$) were shown $S_m=(1.0{\sim}1.1)S_t$, $U_m=(1.13{\sim}1.17)U_t$ at 1.0m drain spacing and $S_m=(0.7{\sim}0.8)S_t$, $U_m=(0.92{\sim}0.99)U_t$ at l.5m drain spacing, respectively. 2. The relation of field compressing index($C_{cfield}$) and virgin compression index($V_{cclab.}$) was shown $C_{cfield}=(1.0{\sim}1.2)V_{cclab.}$, But it was nearly same value when considered the error with determination method of virgin compression index and prediction method of total settlement. 3. Field consolidation coefficient was larger than laboratory consolidation coefficient, and the consolidation coefficient ratio($C_h/C_v$) were $C_h=(2.4{\sim}3.0)C_v$. $C_h=(3.5{\sim}4.3)C_v$ at 1.0m and 1.5m drain spacing and increased with increasing of drain spacing. 4. The evaluation of vertical discharge capacity with drain spacing from the results of the consolidation coefficient ratio showed largely superior in case the Mebra drain and Amer drain than other drain materials at 1.0m and 1.5m drain spacing, while the values showed nearly same value in case same drain spacing.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2010

'Hanseol' is a new very early-maturing, cold tolerant and high quality japonica rice variety developed from a cross of 'Jinbu24' and 'Jinbu25' by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2009. The heading date of this variety is July 25, which is four days earlier than check variety, 'Jinbubyeo'. 'Hanseol' has 65 cm of culm length, 99 spikelets per panicle, 82.9% of ripened grain rate, and 21.5 g of 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice. This variety shows susceptibility to bacterial leaf blight and virus diseases, and insect pests. It is tolerant to cold stress in terms of less heading delay and high fertility in cold water irrigated cultivation. This variety shows delayed leaf senescence and considerable tolerance to viviparous germination at ripening stage. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium-short grain. 'Hanseol' showed low gelatinization temperature and 6.1% protein content, 19.1% amylose content and good palatability of cooked rice. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.43 MT/ha at ordinary culture in local adaptability test for three years. 'Hanseol' would be highly adaptable to mid-north and mid-mountainous areas, and mid-northern alpine area in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.600-605
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• 2011

'Boseogheugchal', a new black pericarp glutinous rice cultivar (Oriza sativa L.), was developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea during the period from 1997 to 2008 and released in 2008. It was derived from a cross between SR18638-B-B-B-18-2/ Heugmi H31. The maturity of this cultivar is about 135 days from seedling to heading. This cultivar has about 12 tillers per hill and 94 spikelet numbers per panicle. Ripening ratio is about 72% and 1000 grain weight is 21.6 g in brown rice. This new variety shows grain shattering resistance and susceptible for blast, bacterial leaf blight and stripe virus. 'Boseogheugchal' has glutinous endosperm and low protein contents. It has higher anthocyanin content compared to black pigmented check cultivar 'Hegjinjubyeo'. The yield performance of brown rice was 4.82 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Boseogheugchal' is adaptable to central plain area of Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1538-1546
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• 2009

This study was conducted to estimate the in vitro fermentation characteristics and in situ degradabilities of total mixed rations fermented by the synbiotic co-cultures composed of various anaerobic microorganisms in the rumen of cow. Seventy two TMR bags (4 treatments $\times$ 6 fermentation days $\times$ 3 replications) were manufactured for in vitro and in situ experiments. The experiment was composed of four treatments including the control, the mould and bacteria synbiotics (T1), the mould and yeast synbiotics (T2) and the bacteria and yeast synbiotics (T3). Each treatment had six fermentation days (1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 day) with three replications. Two rumen cannulated Holstein cows (550 ㎏ of mean body wt) were used for in situ trial, and a total of 96 nylon bags were retrieved from the rumen according to eight fermentation times (1, 3, 6, 9, 18, 24, 48 and 72 hr). The mean fermentation temperatures of TMRs by supplementation of anaerobic micoorganism co-cultures ranged from $22.97^{\circ}C$ to $26.07^{\circ}C$, and tended to increase steadily during the entire period. pH values of the F-TMRs ranged from 4.39 to 4.98 and tended to decrease with the extension of the fermentation period, and decreased by supplementation of synbiotics (p<0.05). The ammonia concentrations of F-TMRs were not affected by addition of synbiotic co-cultures during the early fermentation period (within 7 days), but was lowest (p<0.05) in T3 during the late fermentation periods (after 14 days). Lactic acid concentration of F-TMR was lowest in T3 at 1 day of fermentation, but was not different from treatments in the other fermentation days. Microbial growth rates of F-TMR reached a peak at 7 days of fermentation, and afterward tended to decrease. In in situ experiment, the DM disappearance rates were higher in T1 than the control during early fermentation times (within 3 hours), but was vice versa at 48 hours of fermentation (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in effective DM degradability among treatments. NDF and ADF disappearance rates in situ were similar to those of DM. From the above results, the supplementation of synbiotics, particularly the mould and bacteria synbiotics, resulted in improving the pH and concentration of lactic acid of F-TMR as parameters of fermentation compare to the control, and also had higher in situ disappearance rates of DM, NDF and ADF than the control at early fermentation time. However, effective DM degradability was not affected by supplementation of synbiotics.