• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.35-40
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• 2003

This paper presents a method for designing layout on the yard and evaluating alternative designs of the layout by applying simulation. The method is based on the concepts of the conventional port container terminal with a perpendicular yard layout. In general, yard design of the container terminal is consists of the two major parts. One is to divide yard area between the number of sections and the number of runs and the other is to decide the number of equipment that is the yard truck and yard crane. In the past days, this design was depended on the experience of the terminal operator and the structure of the conventional terminal layout because it is a very complex decision problem. In this paper we suggest the method of yard design as a conceptual procedure and estimate the efficiency of the container crane and the optimal the number of equipment using the simulation. Numerical examples are provided in order to illustrate the conceptual procedure. As the example, the suggested method and simulation are applied to the virtual container terminal with a perpendicular yard layout. In the results, the number of sections and runs on yard area, the number of yard truck per container crane and the number of yard crane per run are decided. In additional, the traffic among blocks on yard layout is estimated in terms of rate.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2001

This paper describes the position control method in yard crane drive system using Lonworks network, which is a leading industrial control network. The network is composed of host computer and three motor drive systems for both gantry and trolley position controls of both gantry and trolley are controlled with the simulator of yard crane, the size of which is about 1/10 with the real yard crane.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.439-445
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• 2003

Since 1960s. container shipping volume has increased dramatically and continuous on a trend of rapid growth, and so the number of containers handled at the port increases. In order to improve yard crane operating efficiency, the precise position measurement of the yard crane is important. This paper describes the method to measure the absolute position of yard crane using the output pulse of an encoder and infrared sensors. The crane position is calculated by counting the output pulse of an incremental encoder, which is mounted on the wheel in the crane. By the way, the wheel slippage on rail may cause some errors in crane position information obtained from encoder pulses, and the errors in the crane position information are compensated with infrared sensors. The performance of proposed method is verified on experimental results with the simulator of yard crane, the size of which is about 1/10 with the real crane.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2004

Since 1960s, a container shipping volume has increased dramatically and continuous on a trend of rapid growth, and so the number of containers handled at the port increases. The position measurement of the yard crane is very important for improving the operating efficiency of the port. This paper describes the method to measure the absolute position of yard crane accurately and rapidly, using both the output pulse of an encoder and infrared sensors. The crane position is calculated by counting the output pulse of an incremental encoder, which is mounted on the wheel in the crane. By the way, the wheel slippage on rail may cause some errors in the crane position information obtained from encoder pulse, and the infrared sensor is used to compensate for errors in the crane position information. The performance of proposed method is verified on experimental results with the simulator of yard crane, the size of which is about 1/10 with the real crane.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.211-223
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• 2013

In Korea, the location of yard tractors is figured out in real time by using RFID system in container terminals. However, even though the location recognition of RFID system works fine when transfer crane is in yard operation, there are some problems when container crane is in ship operation. That is because yard tractors come one by one to each transfer crane in an order, but yard tractors come in 4 lanes to the container crane, which makes the system impossible to recognize each yard tractor separately. Therefore, we developed the infrared-ray communication system which can recognize yard tractors accurately in not only in the yard operation of transfer crane but also in the ship operation of container crane in same way in this study. The result in this study showed constant number of recognition, and the range of recognition measures 5.7m in 25m distance. The range of recognition shown in this study is enough to recognize each yard tractor passing under container crane separately.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.237-246
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• 2015

In this paper, Improved productivity models of container terminal are provided by utilizing a simulation considering Tandem-lift Quay Crane and transport vehicle of container's high productivity 'Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles.' Feature of this method is deriving the data of tandem-lift Quay Crane and Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles, estimating the productivity model of tandem-lift Quay Crane by using regression analysis. Tandem-lift Quay Crane is equipment of loading and unloading to increase productivity approximately by 2 time existing (single, twin) Quay Crane by dealing with four 20ft containers or two 40ft containers at the same. Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles can transfer containers(4TEU) more than existing Yard Tractor. This paper is deriving the optimal combination showing the highest productivity by using simulation considering Tandem-lift Quay Crane and Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles on container terminals and developing estimating model of productivity by using regression analysis using data of simulation.

• IE interfaces
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.498-503
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• 2007

The synchronized operation of a quay crane(QC) and a transfer crane(TC) increases the productivity of a container terminal. In this paper, analytical models are suggested for the optimal number and the optimal operation of the yard trucks (YTs) which travel between a quay crane and a transfer crane in a container terminal. YT may represent yard tractor, AGV and shuttle carrier. The analytical models are so simple and useful that the analysis and the results of this paper can be used not only in container terminal practices but also in many other application fields.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

Literatures have considered mathematical model that change the job order of shipper for improving the operation time of yard crane. However, on the real site, it is impossible to change the job order decided according to the shipper's arrival order. Therefore, operation managers have been utilized the relatively simple strategy that job control is better but the process time of yard crane is longer due to the growth of yard crane's interference time and empty drive time. This study proposed a new yard-crane scheduling approach that decided the job order before the shipper's truck arrived the yard terminal. We utilize the Container Pre-Information Notice estimating the arrival time of truck. We developed the container terminal simulation model for validation of the effect of proposed scheduling approach. The results show that the proposed scheduling reduced the interference delay time and empty moving time of yard crane and shipper's truck delay time.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.549-555
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to estimate the required number of yard tractor on port container terminal. The number of yard tractor is the bottleneck factor on the efficiency of container terminal. Due to the change in travel speed and travel distance, the efficiency is difficult to estimate. The efficiency of yard tractor is estimated by the proposed simulation model that developed considering the queueing network between container crane and transfer crane. The number of yard tractor per container crane is estimated by the alternative analysis. And to determine the number of yard tractor per container crane, the performance measure such as the distance between berth and yard, the speed of yard tractor are simulated.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2002

This paper deals with the development of a simulation model for the container terminal, which consists of 3 berths, 8 container cranes, and 16 yard blocks with each yard crane and 90 yard trucks in order to evaluate the various operational rules. The proposed operational rules are 3 ship-dispatching rules, 3 berth allocation rules, 2 crane allocation rules, 2 yard allocation rules, and 2 yard truck allocation rules. These rules are simulated using 4 performance measures, such as ship time in the terminal, ship time in the port, the number of ships processed, and the number of containers handled. The simulation result is as follows: 1) there is no difference among 3 ship-dispatching rules, 2) berth allocation rules depend on performance measures, 3) dynamic crane allocation is better than fixed policy, 4) pooling yard allocation is better than short distance yard allocation rules, and 5) fixed yard truck allocation by berth is a little better than pooling policy.