• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.41-61
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• 2022

Objectives : This paper aims to examine the clinical meaning of treating with sweet medicinals where acupuncture fails, through studying the verse, "In case of both Yin and Yang deficiency, treat with sweet medicinals" in the Huangdineijing. Methods : Related contents in the chapters 「邪氣藏府病形」, 「根結」, 「終始」, 「經脈」, 「九鍼論」 of the Lingshu were analyzed threefold. The circumstances of the application of the "In case of both Yin and Yang deficiency, treat with sweet medicinals" principle to the late Han East Asian medicine as written in the Shanghanzabinglun were examined, and its meaning was explored. Results : The 'Yin Yang' in the verse could be substituted with the Five Zhang and Six Fu, Blood and Qi, Form and Qi, Form and Jing, Form and Zhi, etc. In patients with deficiency in Qi, Blood, Yin and Yang, we can observe external symptoms such as narrow pulse pattern, symptoms in the throat or below the throat, thirst, and coarse voice. To apply sweet medicinals is to supplement the Jing from food, Spleen and Stomach, Middle Qi and Earth Qi which produces and maintains Qi, Blood, Yin and Yang. Therefore, it is essential in treating disease patterns with deficiency in both Qi, Blood, Yin and Yang, and cannot be substituted with other means of treatment such as acupuncture, moxibustion, and other manipulative therapies. Conclusions : Sweet medicinals were applied in disease patterns with throat thirst and narrow pulse patterns which could not be managed with general acupuncture or moxibustion in the time of the Huangdineijing's publication, as it holds the Earth virtue which could harmoniously supplement the body's Qi, Blood, Yin, and Yang. Later its application broadened, treating various conditions accompanying Qi, Blood, Yin, Yang deficiency, which expanded potential of medicine and contributed to the generalization of drug treatment.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2008

Objectives We aimed to explore obesity pattern among overweight and obese Korean adult women using oriental obesity pattern identification questionnaire. Methods This survey was performed using data of 83 overweight and obese women aged from 20 to 55 yrs (BMI ${\geq}\;23\;kg/m^2$ : n=18, BMI ${\geq}\;25\;kg/m^2$ :ｎ=65) in Seoul, from 2007 to 2008. Subjects were given written consent and this study was performed under the permission of institutional review board of Kyung-Hee East-west Neo Medical Center. Results 1. The distribution of oriental obesity pattern identification did not show any differences between obese and overweight group(p>0.05). 2. The ratio of significantly-scored oriental pattern identification was ordered by Stagnation of the liver Qi(肝欝, 21.7%) > Indigestion(食積, 18.1%) > Spleen deficiency(脾虚, 16.9%) > Yang deficiency(陽虚, 14.5%) (n=83). 3. The frequency of top-scored oriental obesity pattern was ordered by Stagnation of the liver Qi(肝欝, 36.1%) > Indigestion(食積, 24.1%) > Yang deficiency (陽虚, 15.7%) (n=83). 4. The frequency of oriental obesity pattern identification was ordered by Stagnation of the liver Qi(肝欝, 41.7%) > Indigestion(食積, 29.2%) > Yang deficiency(陽虚, 12.5%) > Stagnation of the liver Qi and Yang deficiency(肝欝兼陽虚, 8.3%) (n=24). Conclusions In Korean adult overweight and obese women, Stagnation of the liver Qi(肝欝), Indigestion(食積), and Yang deficiency (陽虚) were found to be the main pathology based on oriental obesity pattern identification questionnaire. It suggests that not only physical status but also general condition and emotional problem should be concerned in treatment of obesity. This study could play a role as a preliminary data of oriental obesity pattern identification.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.31-37
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• 2006

Objectives & Methods : We investigated the cases for which spleen tonifying Sa-Am acupuncture was applied in ${\ulcorner}$Sa-Am-chim-gu-jeong-jeon(舍巖鍼灸正傳)${\lrcorner}$ and classified them according to the concepts of cold-heat & deficiency-excess for a better understanding of the application of spleen tonifying Sa-Am acupuncture. Results : 1. Tonification of Spleen Sa-Am acupuncture can be used to treat heat syndromes such as deficient fire caused by collapse of the spleen qi, stagnation of evil qi or spleen yin deficiency, by way of tonifying spleen qi, activating the flow of qi and blood or harmonizing spleen yin and yang. 2. Tonification of Spleen Sa-Am acupuncture can be used to treat cold syndromes such as weakness of spleen yang by way of promoting fire to generate earth, strengthening spleen yang and raising the clear yang. 3. Tonification of Spleen Sa-Am acupuncture can be used to treat deficiency syndromes such as malnutrition or poor appetite caused by spleen deficiency by way of tonifying spleen qi. 4. Tonification of Spleen Sa-Am acupuncture can be used to treat excess syndromes such as stagnation of qi and blood, abdominal mass or toxication by way of tonifying spleen qi and promoting the flow of qi and blood.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2010

This study is about researching DongEuiBoGam by analysing with pattern identification of modern Traditional Korean medical patholgy as more logical, systematic and standardized theory. Disease pattern mechanisms of essence, spirit, qi and blood in NaeGyungPyeb of DongEuiBoGam are these. In Essence, this explain mechanism of disease patterns those are seminal emission, dream emission, spermatorrhea, white ooze. These disease pattern's mechanisms are kidney yang deficiency, kidney yin deficiency, heart yang deficiency, heart yin deficiency, heart qi deficiency, spleen qi deficiency and so on. On viewpoints of viscera and bowels they are related with heart, kidney, spleen. And most of them are deficiency from deficiency-excess Pattern Identification. Classifying disease pattern of qi is about upward, downward movement and more concentrated deficiency than excess pattern. Fright palpitations can be classified heart deficiency with timidity, heart blood and qi deficiency, heart qi deficiency, heart blood deficiency, heart qi movement stagnation, water qi intimidating the heart, phlegm-fire harassing the heart, phlegm clouding the pericardium, and so on. Palpitations can be classified heart blood deficiency, heart yin deficiency, heart deficiency with timidity, heart spleen blood deficiency, spleen qi deficiency, phlegm-fire harassing the heart, intense heart fire, and so on. Forgetfulness can be classified heart spleen blood deficiency, heart spleen qi deficiency, kidney essence deficiency, heart qi deficiency, non-interaction between the heart and kidney, etc. for deficiency pattern, phlegm clouding the pericardium for excess pattern. In Blood just say inside bleeding pattern's category, there are nose bleeding, flopping syncope, qi counterflow, blood vomiting, hemoptysis, spitting of blood, bloody stool, hematuria, and so on. Like these, this study identify pattern of disease in DongEuiBoGam by mechanism of disease theory.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.102-112
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to obtain reference data of traditional Korean medicine diagnostic methods for the practical usage in women infertility. Methods: The study involved 38 female patients of age 20-38 years that had diagnosed of infertility. All the subjects answered to pattern identification questionnaire and Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification (QSCC II). Pattern identification scores and constitution types have been analyzed with variables of infertility factors and age. Statistical analysis was performed by adopting descriptive and inferential tests. Results: In pattern identification questionnaire analysis, the patterns were observed in order of frequency: liver stasis; blood deficiency; kidney-yang deficiency; kidney-yin deficiency; damp-heat; blood stasis; and phlegm. The group, less than 35 years old, had the higher average score of liver stasis (p<0.05). Also, the group with tubal and peritoneal factors, had the higher average score of blood deficiency (p<0.05). In QSCC II analysis, So-yang type had the higher average score of liver stasis, kidney-yang deficiency, and kidney-yin deficiency. So-eum type had the higher average score of liver stasis, kidney-yang deficiency, kidney-yin deficiency, and blood deficiency. While, Tae-um type had the higher average score of liver stasis and phlegm. Conclusions: We would accumulate the clinical data for the practical usage of traditional Korean medicine diagnostic methods in women infertility.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1742-1748
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• 2006

In order to establish the manifestational symptoms in men and women and highly frequent symptoms(HFS) of deficiency of Qi and blood(氣虛, 血虛), stagnation of Qi(氣滯), deficiency of Yin(陰虛), deficiency of Yang(陽虛), and, 546 questionaires were analyzed through Cronbach alpha value and Pearson's correlative efficient. Symptomatic differences of male and female specimens were as follows. HFS of Qi deficiency were similar in terms of inactivity like mental and physical fatigue, enervation in men and women. In blood deficiency, dizziness and light sleep were common in men and women, but mucosal symptoms of conjunctiva, lip, nail bed were more frequent in women than men. Emotional explosion was common in Qi stagnation, then women had more motivation-related symptoms than men. Inner heat was frequently arisen in Yin deficiency in both, and the heat was expressed more common in exterior and upper part in women but in interior abdominal part in men. In Yang deficiency, main symptoms of men were feeling coldness in peripheral, but Qi deficiency symptoms were more common in women former than coldness.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2017

This study covers pattern differentiation based on Korean medical references, research trend and modern clinical applications about Sleep-Wake disorders of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-V) published by American Psychiatric Association. Insomnia disorder is mostly caused by yin deficiency of liver-kidney or liver qi depression and main patterns are heart-kidney non-interaction, deficiency-excess complex pattern containing phlegm-heat due to qi stagnation and blood stasis. Hypersomnolence disorder is more due to yang deficiency rather than yin deficiency and it's major pattern is spleen-kidney yang deficiency. Cataplexy is main feature in narcolepsy and corresponds to depressive psychosis or fainting in terms of Korean Medicine and narcolepsy is assumed to be relevant to liver wind. Breathing-related sleep disorders are related with phlegm-fluid retention brought on spleen deficiency with dampness encumbrance. Pattern of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders is combined with yin deficiency of liver-kidney or liver qi depression of insomnia disorder and spleen-kidney yang deficiency or dampness-phlegm of hypersomnolence disorder. Yin deficiency with effulgent fire brought on drugs or alcohol is one of main patterns of substance/medication-induced sleep disorder and combined patterns with yin deficiency of liver-kidney and blood stasis or dampness-phlegm-heat are mostly applied clinically. This study drew major and frequently applied patterns of sleep-wake disorders based on Koran medical literature and modern clinical applications. And that can be the groundwork for the task ahead like clinical practice guideline of sleep-wake disorders containing pattern differentiation, diagnosis and prescriptions.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 1998

This study was carried out to understand the general conditions about management of hypertension and the differences in opinions between the Eastern-Western Nursing Sciences. In this context, this study was aimed to find out a possible integration of the Eastern-Western Nursing Sciences for the management of hypertension and to suggest a distinct frame of Korean nursing intervention method which is unique for the hypertensive patients by combining two hypertensive management systems originated from the Western type, "mainly classified by stage", and the Eastern type, "typically classified by form" as they are identified in the literature. From the research literature including both domestic and foreign, this study identified that exuberance of Yang of the Liver form mainly appeared to the patient who is at a border hypertension or the first stage of hypertension, Deficiency of Yin of the Liver and Kidneys form mostly appeared to the first stage and the second stage of Hypertension and Deficiency of the both of Yin and Yang form appeared to the third stage of Hypertension. These unifications of the types of Hypertension classified by stages and forms suggest the possibility not only of integration of the Eastern-western Medicine but also of establishment for the intervention of specific nursing management which is the united Eastern-western Nursing Science for the Hypertension. Hence, the new frame for the nursing management of Hypertensive patient is suggested as follows : 1) In case of the exuberance of Yang of the Liver form, as classified by form which is categorized to the border Hypertension or the first stage of Hypertension, nursing intervention should include general therapy, cooking meal and neutral care to restrain the condition of the exuberance of Yang of the liver. 2) In case of the deficiency of Yin of the liver and the Kidneys form, as classified by form which is categorized to the second stage of Hypertension, nursing intervention should include both the general and drug therapy and their use in combination with cooking meal and neural care to restrain the condition of the deficiency of Yin of the Li ver and Kidneys. 3) In case of the deficiency of both of Yin and Yang form, as classified by form which is categorized to he third stage of Hypertension should include both the general therapy and drug therapy and their use in combination with cooking meal and neural care to restrain the condition of deficiency of the both of Yin and Yang. In addition, using this basic frame of Hypertensive management, a specific way of nursing intervention, which is suitable for exuberance of Yang of the Liver form, deficiency of Yin of the Liver and Kidneys form, and deficiency of both of the Yin and Yang form and classified by Korean herbal medicine related to hypertension, should be pursued continuously in the future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.172-177
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• 2023

In order to deduce the pathogenic factor(PF) diagnosis logic of underlying in pattern identification of Korean medicine, 2,072 cases of DSOM(Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine) data from May 2005 to April 2022 were collected and analyzed by means of decision tree model(DTM). The entire data were divided into training data and validation data at a ratio of 7:3. The CHAID algorithm was used for analysis of DTM, and then validity was tested by applying the validation data. The decision rules of items and pathways determined from the diagnosis data of Qi Deficiency, Blood Deficiency, Yin Deficiency and Yang Deficiency Pathogenic Factor of DSOM were as follows. Qi Deficiency PF had 7 decision rules and used 5 questions: Q124, Q116a, Q119, Q119a, Q55. The primary indicators(PI) were 'lack of energy' and 'weary of talking'. Blood deficiency PF had 7 decision rules and used 6 questions: Q113, Q84, Q85, Q114, Q129, Q130. The PI were 'numbness in the limbs', 'dizziness when standing up', and 'frequent cramps'. Yin deficiency PF had 3 decision rules and used 2 questions: Q144 and Q56. The PI were 'subjective heat sensation from the afternoon to night' and 'heat sensation in the limbs'. Yang deficiency PF had 3 decision rules and used 3 questions: Q55, Q10, and Q102. The PI were 'sweating even with small movements' and 'lack of energy'. Conclusively, these rules and symptom information to decide the Qi·Blood·Yin·Yang Deficiency PF would be helpful for Korean medicine diagnostics.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.215-231
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• 1996

In the literatual study on the hiccup, the results were as follows; 1. Hiccup is usually named as Hae yek, Hyel yek, Yel yek. 2. The cause of hiccup are stomach cold, rising of stomach fire, stagnation of vital energy and stagnation of phlegm, yang deficiency of spleen and kideny, deficiency of stomach-yin, or mental disorder due to the stagnation of phlegm, dyspepsia, depressed vital energy. 3. The treatment of hiccup are dispel cold by warming the middle warmer due to stomach cold, expel the heat-evil to loose hollow-organ due to rising up of stomach yin, regulate vital energy and dissipate phlegm due to stagnation of vital energy and stagnation of phlegm, warm and recuperate both of spleen and kidney due to spleen and kidney yang deficiency, nourish the stomach to promote the production of body fluid due to deficiency of stomach yin. 4. The prescription of hiccup are frequently used Gamchogungangtang Gangwhalbujatang Leejungtang Guelpigungang-tang due to stomach cold, Sosihotang Daesihotang Sojaganggitang due to rising up of stomach fire, Sunbokdaejasuktang due to stagnation of vital energy an dstagnation of phlegm, Bojungikgitang Goakhwanganwyisan Samsoeum due to spleen and kidney yang deficiency, Jaeumganghawtang Daebohoan due to deficiency of stomach yin, Hwanglyenjuklyetang Leejintang Guelpitang due to the stagnation of phlegm, Daewhajungeum due to dyspepsia, Mokhwangjogisan due to depressed vital energy.