• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 2001

This paper describes the design process of super water-saving toilet bowl system by the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ). The physical contradiction in TRIZ is defined far saving water in toilet bowl system with preventing the bad smell from septic tank. The super water-saving toilet bowl system is obtained by using the separation principle in time far resolving the physical contradiction. The real system is made using CAD tools. The consumption of water in the system implemented, is estimated about 3 ιcomparing with 13 ι of that in conventional toilet bowl system.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.197-208
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• 2009

Changes occurring in jute and coir fiber composites with 2-8% concentration of a NaOH treatment for 24 h were investigated, respectively, for void content, microscopy images, mechanical properties and water absorption. The jute and coir fibers were vacuum dried before molding composite specimens. Mechanical properties indicated good adhesion between natural fibers and PP. Jute fibers, when alkali-treated with 2% concentration for 24 h, showed best improvement in tensile strength by 40% and modulus by 9%, respectively, while coir fibers, when alkali-treated with 6% concentration for 24 h, showed best improvement in tensile strengths by 62% and modulus by 17%, respectively. With 2% concentration of alkali-treatments, the elongation of jute and coir composites reached 8% and 13.5%, respectively. Moisture absorption for jute and coir composites are 50% and 60% lower than untreated fiber composites, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.197-203
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• 2007

Teshima has been a quiet and beautiful island, but started to be imaged as an "island of wastes" because of the 600,000 tons of industrial wastes thrown there illegally. Now it symbolizes the problem of industrial wastes in Japan. Teshima development company, an industrial waste disposer, started to dispose industrial wastes illegally in the west side of the island, since the late 1970s. Hyogo Police Station exposed this illegal act, and arrested 6 persons of the company, including its president, in charge of having violated the Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law in 1991. This illegal disposition has continued for 13years until it was exposed by the police. Teshima case of industrial wastes are introduced in this paper.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.197-206
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• 1983

Flora and distribution of vascular hygro- and hydrophytes were investigated from April to June, 1983 on the seven sampling sites along the estuary of Nagdong River. As the result, total 60 kinds of vascular plants are investigated, among them 13 kinds are aquatics; Rotala indica var. uliginosa, Myriophyllum spicatum, Allisma canalicultum, Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton berchtoldii, P. crispus, Ruppia maritima, Phyllospadix iwatensis, Zostera marina, Juncus effusus, Phragmites communis, and Scirpus triqueter. Present hydrophytes are largely confined to the main-stream zone. The transition zone is poorly habitated by hydrophytes and considered for the distributconfined to the estuary and coastal zone. However, long-term conditions of salinity gradient appear to be primarily responsible for the present flora and distribution.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2006

Perceptual judgement method is frequently used in evaluating dysarthric speech. Although most of speech pathologists and researchers focus on the 38 perceptual features provided by Darley, Aronson & Brown(1969) during evaluation, there are additional characteristics that may be useful to describe dysarthria in literature. We reviewed previous dysarthria literature and selected 46 perceptual characteristics that could be examined at various subsystems of speech production. We also provided explanations and rationale for the rating method for each of the perceptual characteristics. This attempt might aid to offer a basic ground for developing a diagnostic tool of dysarthria.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 1978

반응속도면(反應速度面)에서의 동력학적(動力學的) 연구결과(硏究結果)에 의(依)하면 2-메르캅토벤쪼티아졸(MBT)은 N-t-부틸-벤쪼티아졸썰펜아미드(BBTS) 또는 2-(4-몰폴리노티오) 벤쪼티아졸(OBTS)과 같은 가황촉진제(加黃促進劑)들 보다는 N-(싸이클로헥실티오)프탈이미드(CPT)가 훨신 더 빨리 반응(反應)한다는 사실(事實)을 탐지(探知)하였다. 또한 우수(優秀)한 가황지연제(加黃遲延劑)는 MBT와 급속(急速)히 반응(反應)하여야 하지마는 실소(室素)와 황(黃)과의 화학결합(化學結合)이 너무 약(弱)하여 내열안정성(耐熱安定性)이 없음으로 아무리 MBT와 빠른 속도(速度)로 반응(反應)하여도 좋은 가황(加黃)지연제가 될 수는 없다. 예를들면 N-(싸이클로헥실티오-O-벤쪼의 썰펜이미드(CTBS))는 CTP보다 더 빨리 MBT와 반응(反應)하지만 열안정성(熱安定性)이 부족(不足)하여 가황(加黃)지연제로서는 CTB 보다 좋지 못하다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.197-214
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• 2006

This study explores factors to facilitate web-based collaborative learning and the effect of learning, based on the PBL(Problem Based Learning) from the constructivist approach in e-learning. A research model, using the key variables such as situations, interactions, and systems, was developed. In order to test this proposed model, experimental design and post-survey was conducted to the learners who took on-line and off-line course with team project. In the research model, situation category was divided into instructor's support, unstructured problem, and self-directed learning. Interaction category was divided into three factors; 'interaction between learners', 'interaction between learner and instructor', and 'interaction between learner and technology'. System category was divided into.monitoring and incentives. As a result, it was found that collaborative learning can be improved by situations, interactions, and systems, and the effectiveness of learning can be improved by situations and interactions in PBL.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.197-224
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• 2005

Recently, the notion of National Innovation System (NIS) has attracted considerable attention as a key driver of the economic success. Amongst others, the Northeast Asian countries deserve highlight as central cases of NIS. This research attempts to examine inter-industrial knowledge flows and structure among Northeast Asian countries. To this end, Korea, Japan and Taiwan are selected and the patent citation data, a proxy of disembodied knowledge flows, from United Stated Patents and Trademark Office (USPTO) are employed for cluster analysis and network analysis. Some meaningful findings are presented and distinctive characteristics of respective countries are contrasted.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 2012

This paper focuses on identifying which appliance is currently operating by analyzing electrical load signature for home energy monitoring system. The identification framework is comprised of three steps. Firstly, specific appliance features, or signatures, were chosen, which are DC (Duty Cycle), SO (Slope of On-state), VO (Variance of On-state), and ZC (Zero Crossing) by reviewing observations of appliances from 13 houses for 3 days. Five appliances of electrical rice cooker, kimchi-refrigerator, PC, refrigerator, and TV were chosen for the identification with high penetration rate and total operation-time in Korea. Secondly, K-NN and Naive Bayesian classifiers, which are commonly used in many applications, are employed to estimate from which appliance the signatures are obtained. Lastly, one of candidates is selected as final identification result by majority voting. The proposed identification frame showed identification success rate of 94.23%.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.210-218
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• 1999

Purpose : As several epidemics of aseptic meningitis had been reported in Korea since 1990, the need of epidemiologic study about enteroviral infections was recognized. We studied epidemiologic and clinical features of enteroviral infections in children. Methods : We analyzed the seasonal occurrence of enteroviral infections and age, sex and clinical diagnosis of the children admitted to five branch hospitals of Hallym University and diagnosed to have enteroviral infections by culture from January 1996 to December 1998. Results : Enterovirus was isolated in 126 out of 245(51.4%) stools, 15 out of 89(16.8%) nasopharyngeal aspirates and 195 out of 1,835(10.6%) cerebrospinal fluids. There were 273 echoviruses(Echo)(197 Echo 30, 46 Echo 9, 17 Echo 6, 13 unclassified), 24 coxsackieviruses B(CB)(11 CB 2, 2 CB 5, 11 unclassified), 7 coxsackieviruses A 24 and 32 unclassified enteroviruses. Yearly number of isolates was 65(46 Echo 9) in 1996, 239(197 Echo 30) in 1997 and 32(15 CB: 9 CB 2) in 1998. Epidemics of enteroviruses occurred mainly during the months May to October. The mean age of the infected children was $62.1{\pm}38.0$ months and 74.6% of the patients were younger than 7 years of age. There were 203 boys and 100 girls and 79.3% of the patients were diagnosed as aseptic meningitis. Conclusions : We confirmed that enteroviral infections occurred in epidemics from late spring to fall during the study period. Enteroviral infections occurred predominantly in boys and the preschool children. Aseptic meningitis was the main illness in the hospitalized children.