• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1412-1420
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• 2010

In this study, changes in testicular tissues of rats subjected to xylene and formaldehyde inhalation were evaluated. Three experimental groups were included in the study. Each group of rats was exposed to formaldehyde (6 ppm), technical xylene (300 ppm) or a combination of these two agents (150 ppm+3 ppm) for 8 weeks (8 h/d). Control groups were maintained for a period of eight weeks under the same conditions. Staining methods (triple staining, strep ABC method) were applied to examine histometric changes and relaxin like factor (RLF) expression in the testicular tissue. Immunostaining for RLF showed that density of staining for RLF decreased in rats exposed to formaldehyde. Formaldehyde or a combination of formaldehyde and xylene led to a decrease in seminiferous epithelial height. In conclusion, exposure of rats to formaldehyde and xylene-formaldehyde combinations adversely affects Leydig cells (RLF) and seminiferous epithelium of testicular tissue.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.360-363
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• 2011

본 연구는 2-Propanol과 O-xylene의 혼합물의 인화점과 자연발화에 관한 연구이다. 인화점의 경우 2-Propanol과 O-xylene의 혼합비를 변화하여 측정하였으며, 2-Propanol은 $12^{\circ}C$를 구하였고, O-xylene는 $32^{\circ}C$를 구하였다. 자연발화의 경우 2-Propanol과 O-xylene의 농도를 변화시켜 혼합한 시료를 만들어 최저발화온도와 순간발화온도를 측정하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1997

To examine whether the xylene component of BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) mixture is cometabolized and residues are produced in soil, $\^$14/C-labeled-0-xylene was added to sandy loam in combination with unlabeled benzene and toluene. After 4 weeks of incubation in a sealed system connected to an oxygen reservoir, 55.1% of the radiocarbon was converted to $\^$14/CO$\sub$2/, 3.0% was to 95.8% radiocarbon recovery. Biomass incorporation of o-xylene radiocarbon which was detected by fumigation/extraction was usually low (5.6%), but 32.1% radiocarbon became associated with soil humus. Most of the numus-bound radiocarbon was found in humin fraction. In addition to o-xylene, p-xylene and toluene also showed similar results. The evidence shows that some of their reactive methylcatechol biodegradation intermediates attach to the humic metrix in soil in preference to mineralization and biomass incorporation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.3 s.81
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• pp.22-27
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• 2007

The knowledge of the flash point of the various liquid substances is required because of process safety and control in industrial fire protection. The epoxy resin is one of versatile resins that has wide selection of using curing agents and additives to achieve various applications such as coatings, adhesives, interior materials, reinforced plastics and electrical insulation. In this study, the lower flash points for p-xylene+epoxy resin, o-xylene+epoxy resin and n-butanol+epoxy resin systems were measured by using Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. The lower flash points for p-xylene+epoxy resin, o-xylene+epoxy resin and n-butanol+epoxy resin systems rapidly increased 80wt%, 90wt% and 95wt% of epoxy resin concentration, respectively. This results serve as a guide to estimate flash point of any epoxy resin solution.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2008

The effects of DHU001, a mixed herbal formula consisted of 7 types aqueous extracts for treating respiratory disorders were observed on xylene-induced acute inflammation. The xylene was topically applied 60 min after administration of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of DHU001, and all animals were sacrificed 2 hrs after xylene application. The changes on ear weights, histolopathological analyses of ear were evaluated and compared to those of indomethacin and dexamethasone(15 mg/kg treated)-Both of drugs are well-known by anti-inflammatory agents. Xylene application resulted in marked increases in induced ear weights as compared with intact control ear. Severe vasodilation, edematous changes of ear skin and increase in the thickness of the ear tissues, neutrophil infiltration as acute inflammation were detected in xylene-treated control ears at histopathological observation. However, these xylene-induced acute inflammatory changes were dose-dependently decreased by oral treatment of DHU001. Therefore, it is concluded that DHU001 has favorable anti-inflammatory effects on xylene-applicated acute ear inflamed mice.

• Clean Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2023

Fine dust emitted from coal combustion is classified into filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). CPM is difficult to control with existing air pollution control devices, so research is being conducted to understand the characteristics of CPM. Components constituting condensable particulate matter (CPM) are divided into inorganic and organic components. There are many quantitative analysis results for the ionic components, which account for a significant proportion of the CPM inorganic components, but little is known about the organic components. Thus, there is a need for a quantitative analysis of CPM organic components. In this study, aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene) and n-alkanes with 10 to 30 carbon atoms were quantitatively analyzed to understand the organic components of CPM emitted from a lab-scale coal combustor. Of the aromatic hydrocarbons, toluene accounted for 1.03% of the CPM organic components. On the other hand, the contents of ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene showed low values of 0.11%, 0.18%, and 0.51% on average, respectively. Among the n-alkanes, triacontane (C₃₀) showed a high content of 2.64% and decane (C₁₀) showed a content of 2.05%. The next highest contents were shown with dodecane (C₁₂), tetradecane (C₁₄), and heptacosane (C₂₇), all of which were higher than that of toluene. The n-alkane substances that had detectable concentrations showed higher contents than ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene except for tetracosane (C₂₄).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2000

Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) emitted form electronicSince toluene, xylene, cyclohexanone, and benzofuran will bring on the deleterious smell and the health risk, eventhough very small amount of these areexposed to human body, quantitative analysis was achieved by GC-MS system. As a result of these analyses, except PCB(CEM-1) of which is one of the electronic parts, the left of electronic parts represented, imme-diately form 30 minutes to 1 hour after heating, the trends that toluene, xylene, cyclohexanone and phenol were consecuticely emitted very high. and toluene, xylene, phenol, cyclohexanone, and benzofuran from most of the electronic parts were emitted very frequently within the measuring period. Finally, Trans of electronic parts showed the highest concentration of emission, and xylene(550~2482 ${\mu}g/m^2$) was the most noticeably emitting compound of VOCs.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.22
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• pp.61-76
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• 2008

We examined characterizations of Paraloid B72 films when it dissolved in four different solvents-acetone, MEK, toluene and xylene. The surface before and after coating were observed by optical microscope and AFM. Thickness and contact angle of films was measured and surface energy was calculated for grasping properties of films. We also tested adhesive strength of films by scratch tester and durability of films by performing yellowing test. The result was that xylene has better coating property than other solvents. Because 10% Paraloid B72 in xylene film is even, non-mottled, thin, stabilized in yellowish and has proper hydrophobic, we confirmed xylene is good solvent for bronze artifact conservation. However, other tests will need for finding appropriate concentration of Paraloid B72.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2008

Enhancing with non-metallic elemental nitrogen(N) is one of several methods that have been proposed to modify the electronic properties of bulk titanium dioxide($TiO_2$), in order to make $TiO_2$ effective under visible-light irradiation. Accordingly, current study evaluated the feasibility of applying visible-light-induced $TiO_2$ enhanced with N element to cleanse aromatic compounds, focusing on xylene isomers at indoor air quality(IAQ) levels. The N-enhanced $TiO_2$ was prepared by applying two popular processes, and they were coated by applying two well-known methods. For three o-, m-, and p-xylene, the two coating methods exhibited different photocatalytic oxidation(PCO) efficiencies. Similarly, the two N-doping processes showed different PCO efficiencies. For all three stream flow rates(SFRs), the degradation efficiencies were similar between o-xylene and m,p-xylene. The degradation efficiencies of all target compounds increased as the SFR decreased. The degradation efficiencies determined via a PCO system with N-enhanced visible-light induced $TiO_2$ was somewhat lower than that with ultraviolet(UV)-light induced unmodified $TiO_2$, which was reported by previous studies. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that PCO efficiencies increased up to 94% for o-xylene and 97% for the m,p-xylene under lower SFR(0.5 L $min^{-1}$). Consequently, it is suggested that with appropriate SFR conditions, the visible-light-assisted photocatalytic systems could also become important tools for improving IAQ.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.864-869
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• 1998

In this work, the solid-liquid equilibria (SLE) of some aromatic organic mixtures including benzene, widely used as an industrial solvent, were measured by static method using our own made experimental apparatus. The accuracy and reproducibility of apparatus were tested by comparing experimental results with literature values for 1-dodecanol+cyclohxane and benzene + p-xylene systems. The SLE for new binary systems of benzene+aniline, benzene+nitrobenzene, p-xylene+cyclohexane were measured afterwards and compared with the calculated values by modified UNIFAC(Dortmund) equation.