Clean Technology (청정기술)

The Korean Society of Clean Technology (한국청정기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Organic Compounds in Condensable Particulate Matter Emitted from Coal Combustion

석탄 연소 시 배출되는 응축성 미세먼지의 유기 성분

  • Jin Park (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Sang-Sup Lee (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University)
  • 박진 (충북대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 이상섭 (충북대학교 환경공학과)
  • Received : 2023.08.16
  • Accepted : 2023.09.26
  • Published : 2023.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Fine dust emitted from coal combustion is classified into filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). CPM is difficult to control with existing air pollution control devices, so research is being conducted to understand the characteristics of CPM. Components constituting condensable particulate matter (CPM) are divided into inorganic and organic components. There are many quantitative analysis results for the ionic components, which account for a significant proportion of the CPM inorganic components, but little is known about the organic components. Thus, there is a need for a quantitative analysis of CPM organic components. In this study, aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene) and n-alkanes with 10 to 30 carbon atoms were quantitatively analyzed to understand the organic components of CPM emitted from a lab-scale coal combustor. Of the aromatic hydrocarbons, toluene accounted for 1.03% of the CPM organic components. On the other hand, the contents of ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene showed low values of 0.11%, 0.18%, and 0.51% on average, respectively. Among the n-alkanes, triacontane (C30) showed a high content of 2.64% and decane (C10) showed a content of 2.05%. The next highest contents were shown with dodecane (C12), tetradecane (C14), and heptacosane (C27), all of which were higher than that of toluene. The n-alkane substances that had detectable concentrations showed higher contents than ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene except for tetracosane (C24).

석탄 연소 시 배출되는 미세먼지는 여과성 미세먼지(FPM)와 응축성 미세먼지(CPM)로 구분된다. CPM은 기존의 대기방지시설로 제어가 어려워 CPM의 특성을 파악하기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 응축성 미세먼지(CPM)를 구성하는 성분은 크게 무기성분과 유기성분으로 나눌 수 있다. CPM의 무기성분 중에서 상당한 비율을 차지하는 이온성분에 대해서는 많은 정량분석 결과가 나와 있으나, 유기성분에 대해서는 알려진 바가 적다. 특히 유기성분에 대한 정량분석의 결과가 필요한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 실험실 규모 석탄 연소로에서 배출되는 CPM의 유기성분 중 방향족 탄화수소(toluene, ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene)와 탄소 수 10부터 30까지의 n-alkane을 정량분석하였다. 실험 결과 방향족 탄화수소 중에서는 toluene이 CPM 유기성분의 1.03%를 차지하여 가장 높았다. 그러나 ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene이 차지하는 함량은 각각 평균 0.11%, 0.18%, 0.51%로 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 반면에 n-alkane 중에서는 triacontane(C30)이 2.64%, decane(C10)이 2.05%로 높은 함량을 보여주었다. 다음으로 dodecane(C12), tetradecane(C14), heptacosane(C27)의 순으로 함량이 높았는데, 이는 toluene 보다 높은 수준이었다. 농도가 검출된 n-alkane 물질들은 tetracosane(C24)만 제외하고 ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene보다 높은 함량을 보였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원(NRF-2018R1D1A1A09083083), 환경부 폐자원에너지·재활용 전문인력양성사업, 2022학년도 충북대학교 연구년제 지원에 의하여 연구되었음.

References

  1. Kim, H. J. and Park, I. G., "Evaluation of Dust Removal Efficiency on Roadway Structures Using Ultrafine Bubble Water Jet," Clean Technol., 27(1), 39-46 (2021).
  2. Yeom, G. I., Han, D. B., Nam, S. H., and Baek, Y. S., "A CFD Analysis on DPF for the Removal of PM from the Emission of Diesel Vehicle," Clean Technol., 24(4), 301-306 (2018).
  3. Kim, Y. J., Han, D. B., Seo, T. W., Oh, K. C., and Baek, Y. S., "Effect of Particulate Matter and Ash Amount on Pressure Drop and Flow Uniformity of Diesel Particulate Filter Reduction System," Clean Technol., 26(1), 22-29 (2020).
  4. Gong, B., Kim, J., Kim, H., Lee, S., Kim, H., Jo, J., Kim, J., Gang, D., Park, J. M., and Hong, J., "A Study on the Characteristics of Condensable Fine Particles in Flue Gas," J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 32(5), 501-512 (2016). https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2016.32.5.501
  5. Feng, Y., Li, Y., and Cui, L., "Critical Review of Condensable Particulate Matter," Fuel (Guildford), 224, 801-813 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.118
  6. Cano, M., Vega, F., Navarrete, B., Plumed, A., and Camino, J. A., "Characterization of Emissions of Condensable Particulate Matter in Clinker Kilns Using a Dilution Sampling System," Energy Fuels, 31(8), 7831-7838 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00692
  7. Corio, L. A. and Sherwell, J., "In-stack Condensible Particulate Matter Measurements and Issues," J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 50(2), 207-218 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464002
  8. Russell, A. G. and Brunekreef, B., "A focus on particulate matter and health," Environ. Sci. Technol., 43(13), 4620-4625 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/es9005459
  9. Choi, S., Park, J., and Lee, S., "Characteristics of Condensable Particulate Matter Components with the Coal Property," J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 39(3), 372-380 (2023). https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2023.39.3.372
  10. Liang, B., Bai, H., Tan, B., and Bai, D., "Sources Apportionment of Water-Soluble Inorganic Salts in CPM from Coal-Fired Power Plants With Different Emission Control Technologies," Fuel, 334, 126786 (2023).
  11. Liu, S., Wu, Y., Xu, Z., Lu, S., and Li, X., "Study on Characteristics of Organic Components in Condensable Particulate Matter Before and After Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization System of Coal-Fired Power Plants," Chemosphere, 294, 133668 (2022).
  12. Yuan, C., Wang, Z., Cheng, H., Liang, S., Hu, Y., Dong, X., and Wu, J., "Characteristics of Water-Soluble Ions in Condensable Particulate Matter Emitted from Stationary Sources in Wuhan," Fuel, 295, 120626 (2021).
  13. Wu, Y., Xu, Z., Liu, S., Tang, M., and Lu, S., "Emission Characteristics of PM2.5 and Components Of Condensable Particulate Matter from Coal-fired Industrial Plants," Sci. Total Environ., 796, 148782 (2021).
  14. Zhang, X., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Nie, M., Wang, L., and Zhang, H., "Adsorption of Condensable Particulate Matter from Coal-fired Flue Gas by Activated Carbon," Sci. Total Environ., 778, 146245 (2021).
  15. Park J. and Lee S., "Characteristics of PM2.5 Emitted from Pulverized Coal Combustion," J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 37(5), 803-811 (2021). https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2021.37.5.803
  16. Song, J., Lu, S., Wu, Y., Zhou, C., Li, X., and Li, J., "Migration and Distribution Characteristics of Organic and Inorganic Fractions in Condensable Particulate Matter Emitted from an Ultralow Emission Coal-Fired Power Plant," Chemosphere, 243, 125346 (2020).
  17. Wang, K., Yang, L., Li, J., Sheng, Z., He, Q., and Wu, K., "Characteristics of Condensable Particulate Matter before and after Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization and Wet Electrostatic Precipitator from Ultra-low Emission Coal-fired Power Plants in China," Fuel, 278, 118206 (2020).
  18. Yang, F., Li, Z., Liu, H., Feng, P., Tan, H., Zhang, S., and Lu, X., "Emission Characteristics of Condensable Particulate Matter and Sulfur Trioxide from Coal-Fired Power Plants," Journal of the Energy Institute, 94, 146-156 (2021).
  19. Li, X., Zhou, C., Li, J., Lu, S., and Yan, J., "Distribution and Emission Characteristics of Filterable and Condensable Particulate Matter before and after a Low-low Temperature Electrostatic Precipitator," Environ Sci. Pollut. Res., 26(13), 12798-12806 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04570-y
  20. Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., and Wang, L., "Review of Hazardous Materials in Condensable Particulate Matter," Fuel Process. Technol., 220, 106892 (2021).
  21. Zheng, C., Hong, Y., Liu, S., Yang, Z., Chang, Q., Zhang, Y., and Gao, X., "Removal and Emission Characteristics of Condensable Particulate Matter in an Ultralow Emission Power Plant," Energy Fuels, 32(10), 10586-10594 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b02464
  22. Li, J., Qi, Z., Li, M., Wu, D., Zhou, C., Lu, S., Yan, J., and Li, X., "Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Condensable Particulate Matter from an Ultralow-Emission Coal-Fired Power Plant," Energy Fuels, 31(2), 1778-1785 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02919
  23. Peng, Y., Shi, N., Wang, T., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, W., Sajjadi, B., and Pan, W., "Investigating the Effect of Flue Gas Temperature and Excess Air Coefficient on the Size Distribution of Condensable Particulate Matters," Fuel, 298, 120866 (2021).
  24. Feng, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Dong, Y., and Ma, C., "Characteristics of Condensable Particulate Matter Discharging from a One-Dimensional Flame Furnace Firing Lignite," Fuel, 277, 118198 (2020).