• 제목/요약/키워드: Xanthomonas citri

검색결과 41건 처리시간 0.022초

Characterization of the host reaction of some citrus plants with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, causing citrus bacterial canker disease.

  • Myung, Inn-Shik;Hyun, Jae-Wook;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lee, Sung-Chan;Lim, Han-Chul
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.120.3-121
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    • 2003
  • Relative degree of resistance of citrus to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the causal bacterium of canker, was investigated. Growth rate of a bacterium in leaf tissues after infiltration, disease incidence, and percent of lesion area were compared. By using growth rate[(GR=(At - A$\sub$t-1/)/A$\sub$t-1] host plants were differentiated into susceptible and resistant. Growth rates reached to peak at 40 hrs after inoculation and then declined. The growth rate in leaf tissues of a moderately susceptible cultivar, Citrus sinensis vu. Lane late(sweet orange), was the highest, and those of C. unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis(kiyomi), C. junos(yuzu), [(Citrus. unshiu x C. sinensis) x C. reticulata] (shiranuhi), and C. unshiu(satuma mandarin) were similar. This result indicates that the growth rate of the bacterium in leaf tissues can be effectively used for evaluation of disease resistance for citrus plants to X. axonopodis pv. citri. The disease on sweet orange occurred earlier than relatively resistant citrus plants tested. The percent of lesion area on leaf was also higher in sweet orange than those of satsuma mandarin, shiranuhi and kiyomi, and yuzu. The disease severity was highest on sweet orange and followed by kiyomi, shiranuhi, satsuma mandarin, and yuzu.

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Management of Citrus Canker in Argentina, a Success Story

  • Canteros, B.I.;Gochez, A.M.;Moschini, R.C.
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.441-449
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    • 2017
  • Citrus canker is an important bacterial disease of citrus in several regions of the world. Strains of Xanthomonas citri type-A (Xc-A) group are the primary pathogen where citrus canker occurs. After Xc-A entered the Northeast of Argentina in 1974, the disease spread rapidly from 1977 to 1980 and then slowed down and remained moving at slow pace until 1990 when it became endemic. Citrus canker was detected in Northwest Argentina in 2002. This paper presents the main steps in the fight of the disease and the management strategies that have been used to control citrus canker at this time. We think the process might be usefull to other countries with the same situation. Results from more than 40 years of research in Northeast (NE) Argentina indicate that we are at the limit of favorable environment for the disease. The severity of citrus canker is greatly affected by the environment and El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon which causes cyclic fluctuations on the disease intensity in the NE region. Weather-based logistic regression models adjusted to quantify disease levels in field conditions showed that the environmental effect was strongly modulated by the distance from a windbreak. Production of healthy fruits in citrus canker endemic areas is possible knowing the dynamics of the disease. A voluntary Integrated Plan to Reduce the Risk of Canker has been in place since 1994 and it allows growers to export unsymptomatic, uninfested fresh fruit to countries which are free of the disease and require healthy, pathogen free fruits. The experience from Argentina can be replicated in other countries after appropriate trials.

Evaluation of Shiranuhi, a Hybrid of Kiyomi Tangor and Nakano No.3 Ponkan, for Resistance to Citrus Canker in Growth Chamber

  • Myung, Inn-Shik;Hyun, Jae-Wook;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lee, Seong-Chan;Lim, Han-Cheol
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.253-256
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    • 2003
  • Citrus canker disease is caused by bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis .pv. Citri. Shiranuhi cultivar, a hybrid of Kiyomi tangor and Nakano No.3 ponkan was evaluated for resistance to citrus canker based on initiation of disease, percent area of lesion infected and growth rate of bacteria in the leaf under growth chamber condition. Significant differences between susceptible plant and resistant plants were observed in these assays. Resistant plants showed delayed disease symptoms compared to the susceptible plants after spray inoculation of the pathogen. The resistant verities, satsuma, yuzu, and Shiranuhi showed symptoms after six days where as susceptible, mexican lime showed the symptoms just after three days of inoculation. 18 days after inoculation, percent area of lesions developed on leaf and disease severity differed significantly in susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: mexican lime > early satsuma =Shiranuhi =yuzu (P <, 0.01). However, 30 days after inoculation, percent area of lesion was further differentiated into resistant and highly resistant plants. That was ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi > yuzu (P < 0.01). These results indicate that host reaction to the bacterial was more distinct when the disease developed for a longer period. Growth rates of a citrus canker bacterium during 16 40 h also were distinct after infiltration into leaves of susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi =yuzu (P < 0.01). Based on these results, we concluded that Shiranuhi is resistant to citrus canker as compared to Kiyomi, early satsuma, and yuzu.

Xanthomonas celebensis 5S rRNA의 몇 가지 삼차상호작용 (Some Tertiary Interactions in 5S rRNA from Xanthomonas celebensis)

  • 조봉래;이영훈;최명언;박인원
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.237-243
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    • 1993
  • Xanthomonas celebensis 5S rRNA를 분리 정제하여 효소적 방법과 화학적 방법으로 그 일차구조 및 이차구조를 결정하였다. 이 5S rRNA는 119개의 누클레오티드로 구성되어 있으며 변형된 누클레오시드를 함유하고 있지 않다. 그리고 이 5S rRNA는 X. maltophilia 및 X. citri의 것처럼 5'-말단에 가외의 우리딘잔기를 하나 더 가지고 있다. 결정한 X. celebensis 5S rRNA의 이차구조는 본 연구진이 이미 결정한 두가지 Xanthomonas 종들의 것들과 매우 유사하며, 5개의 이중나선 줄기와 5개의 단일가닥 고리 그리고 2개의 내밀린 구조를 가지고 있다. X.celebensis 5S rRNA 분자 내의 삼차상호작용은 테옥시헥사머를 이용한 혼성체화법과 Fe(II)-EDTA를 사용하여 5S rRNA를 쪼개는 방법으로 분석하였다. 5S rRNA 상의 $U_{35}CCCAU_{40}$부분을 상보성을 가진 데옥시헥사머를 혼성체화한 다음에 고리 M, 구역 $I_1-C$, 고리 $H_2$에 있는 약간의 아데노신 잔기들이 피로탄산 이에틸에 대한 감수성을 가지게 되는 사실과, $Mg^{2+}$이 있는 조건에서 고리 M, 고리 $H_1$, 및 구역 $D-I_2에$ 있는 약간의 누클레오티드 잔기들이 Fe(II)-EDTA의 분열작용에 저항성을 나타내는 사실에서 고리 $H_1과$ 고리 $H_2$가 어떤 방법으로든 고리 M과 삼차상호작용을 하는 것으로 추측되며, 이 삼차작용에서 구역 $I_1-C$와 구역 $D-I_2$ 돌쩌귀로 작용하는 것으로 생각된다. 고리 $H_1$은 산성 조건(pH 5.5)에서 비표준형 염기쌍 A:C 들을 형성함으로써 3개의 염기로 이루어지는 고리를 형성한다는 것을 알았다.

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Purification and reaction pattern of cephalexin synthesizing enzyme from Acetobacter turbidans

  • Kang, Sang-Moo;Kim, June-Hoe;Kim, Deog-Jung;Kim, Young-Jun
    • 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국미생물생명공학회 1986년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.525.2-525
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    • 1986
  • Cephalexin synthesizing enzyme (${\alpha}$ amino acid ester hydrolase) was partially purified from the culture broth of Acetobacter turbidans ATCC9325 through ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE, CM, and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The enzyme has optimum pH 6.0 and temperature, 40$^{\circ}C$ respectively. From the analysis of reaction mixtures by thin layer chromatographic and high performance liquid chromatographic techniques, it was confirmed this enzyme catalyzed simultaneously the following reactions : 1) Synthesis of cephalexin from D-${\alpha}$-phenylglycine methylester (PGM) and 7-amino 3-deacetoxy-cetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) 2) Hydrolysis of cephalexin to form 7-ADCA and phenylglycine (PG) 3) Hydrolysis of PGM to form PG and methanol. Base on the above experimental observations, the reaction model of this enzyme was identical with that of the enzyme from Xanthomonas citri.

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Enzymatic Synthesis of Cephaloglycin

  • Doo-Hyun Nam;Heon-Soo Sohn;Dewey D. Y. Ryu
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.72-76
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    • 1983
  • Cephaloglycin was synthesized directly from D-${\alpha}$ -phenylglycine methyl ester and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid using whole cell enzyme of Xanthomonas citri (IFO 3835). Some optimal conditions for cephaloglycin synthesis were investigated, and yield improvements for its production by several methods were attempted. Using the whole cell enzyme system, the reaction kinetic model for cephaloglycin synthesis is proposed, and the kinetic constants for D-${\alpha}$ -phenylglycine methyl ester hydrolysis, cephaloglycin synthesis, and cephaloglycin hydrolysis were determined. The $K_m$ values of D-${\alpha}$-phenylglycine methyl ester, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, and cephaloglycin were 11 mM, 24 mM, and 167 mM, and $K_i$ value of D-${\alpha}$-phenylglycine was 15 mM, respectively. The pattern of product inhibition was found to be competitive one.

최근 주요 감귤 병의 발생 양상 (Aspect of Incidence of the Major Citrus Diseases Recently)

  • 현재욱;이평호;황록연;문경환
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.102-107
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    • 2013
  • 2003년도부터 감귤검은점무늬병에 걸린 과실율을 조사해 본 결과 2010년에 16.8%로써 가장 심하였으며 2005년에는 3.8%로써 가장 낮았고 10년간 평균 병든 과율은 8.8%이었다. 지역별로 최근 10년 동안 병든 과율을 비교해 보면 제주도 남동부, 동부지역에서 병 발생이 많았다. 또한 발병도를 조사해 본 결과 2003, 2004, 2007, 2010년 검은점무늬병 발병도가 각각 17.0, 22.6, 19.2, 18.9%로써 다른 해에 비하여 발병도가 높았다. 궤양병의 경우 2004년에 2.19% 발병하여 최근 들어 가장 많이 발생하였으며 그 이후로 급격히 줄어들어 2009년과 2010년의 경우 0.08와 0.10%이었지만, 2011년의 경우 1.50%로써 다시 증가하였으며 2004년부터 2012년까지 평균 발생율은 0.81%이었다. 또한 발생 지역도 제주도 동부와 서부지역에서 많았다. 더뎅이병의 경우 2004년부터 2012년까지 9년간 평균 발생과율은 0.25% 이었으며 2004년 0.72%로 가장 발생이 많았다. 감귤 과실에서의 검은점무늬병 진전 상황을 조사해 본 결과 해에 따라 약간씩 상이하지만 7월 하순부터 8월 하순까지 병 진전이 가장 많았다. 더뎅이병의 경우 5월 10일경에 첫 병징이 나타났으며 이후 5월 하순에서 6월 중순사이에 급격히 증가하였다. 궤양병의 경우 6월 중순경에 첫 병징이 나타나서 6월 하순까지 봄순에서 병이 진전되었다. 죽은 가지에서 검은점무늬병 전염원 주 발생 시기는 6월 하순부터 8월 상순경이었다.

Evaluation of Potential of Mandarin Hybrid 'Shiranuhi' against inoculation of Bacterial Canker Disease Pathogen (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) in Citrus Field in Jeju Island

  • Hyun, Jae-Wook;Myung, Inn-Shik;Lee, Seong-Chan;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lim, Han-Cheol
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.248-252
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to evaluate potential of Shiranuhi cultivar against inoculation of causal pathogen of citrus canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in Jeju Island by comparing degree of susceptibility of fruits and leaves/twigs, and analysis of incidence of canker disease. Progression of symptom, disease incidence, and percent area of lesion were surveyed for evaluation of resistance. In greenhouse condition, symptoms of bacterial citrus canker progressed more rapidly in sweet orange, a moderately susceptible cultivar, than in other four cultivars (satsuma mandarin, 'Kiyomi', 'Shiranuhi' and 'Yuzu'). At 20 days after inoculation, disease severity was the highest in sweet orange (5.0$\pm$0.0), and all tested leaves were distorted or had dropped. On the other hand, 'Yuzu' showed the lowest disease severity (2.6$\pm$0.47), followed by 'Kiyomi' (4.0$\pm$0.0), 'Shiranuhi' (4.0$\pm$0.82), and satsuma mandarin (4.3$\pm$0.47). Percent area of lesion per leaf 30 days after inoculation was the highest in sweet orange (8.31$\pm$1.78), followed by satsuma mandarin (1.51$\pm$1.25), 'Shiranuhi' (1.39$\pm$0.94), and 'Kiyomi' (1.1$\pm$0.9), while the lowest was in 'Yuzu' (0.26$\pm$0.17). Infield condition, percentage of diseased leaf in 'Shiranuhi' was very low, 5.2$\pm$2.9, compared with sweet orange, 71.0$\pm$ 11.5, while that of satsuma mandarin and 'Kiyomi' were 6.9$\pm$7.0 and 4.3$\pm$2.0, respectively. Percentages of diseased leaf was higher (17.4$\pm$7.1) than that of diseased fruit (3.2$\pm$2.5) in severely diseased trees of Shiranuhi cultivar, and the disease was not observed on twig in open field condition. Lesion sizes on leaves and fruits in open field condition were 4.1$\pm$2.2 mm2 and 5.1$\pm$5.6 mm2, respectively, while those in greenhouse condition were 8.7$\pm$5.7 mm2, 10.4$\pm$9.2 mm2 and 5.6$\pm$2.6 mm2 on leaves, fruits and twigs, respectively. The disease was observed in 5.6% out of total 107 farmers Shiranuhi fields under polyethylene film house, and average percentages of diseased tree in 31 fields of Shiranuhi cultivar and adjacent satsuma mandarin fields were 0.02% and 14.8%, respectively. Average percentage of diseased fruit was 1.6% in satsuma mandarin which was not observed in anyone of all the 31 Shiranuhi farmers fields. Therefore, it was concluded that 'Shiranuhi' cultivar is not potential against causal pathogen of citrus canker disease in Jeju Island because the cultivar has similar resistance as satsuma mandarin which occupies over 95% of total 25,000 ha in Jeju Island in polyethylene film houses protected from outside.

느타리버섯 세균성갈반병균 Pseudomonas tolaasii의 효소면역검출법 (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays of Pseudomonas tolaasii, a Bacterial Brown Blotch Pathogen of Oyster Mushroom.)

  • 이향범;전낙범;손동화;유승헌
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.238-243
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    • 1998
  • 느타리버섯의 세균성갈반병균인 P. tolaasii(PT)를 신속 간편하게 검출할 수 있는 효소면역측정법 (ELISA)을 개발하였다. 특이항체를 생산하기 위하여 PT($5{\times}10^7$ cfu)를 Freund's adjuvant와 함께 토끼에 수차례 면역하였으며, 가장 높은 역가를 나타낸 항혈청을 이용하여 비경합 ELISA 및 경합 ELISA를 각각 확립하였다. 표준곡선으로부터 PT의 그 검출한계는 각각 $2{\times}10^2$cfu/ml 및 $3{\times}10^2$cfu/ml가량으로 나타났다. 교차반응은 비경합 ELISA의 경우 P. agarici, P. reactans 및 비병원성 Pseudomonas속 균주와 1/$10^3$이하의 매우 미약한 반응을 보였으나 P. solanacearum, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Streptococcus mutans, Xanthomonas citri 및 곰팡이인 Fusarium oxysporum등 다른 균주와의 반응성이 거의 없었으며, 경합 ELISA의 경우 PT이외에는 같은 속 균주에 대하여도 반응성이 거의 없었다. ELISA를 이용하여 버섯으로부터 분리된 18균주에 대하여 PT의 여부를 조사하였을 때 병원성과 white line 반응성을 동시에 나타내었던 11균주에 대하여만 명확한 양성으로 나타나, 본 연구에서 확립한 ELISA는 간편하고 정확한 PT검출법 임이 확인되었다.

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콩 종자에서 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines의 검출을 위한 Direct PCR 방법 개발 (Direct PCR Detection of the Causal Agents, Soybean Bacterial Pustule, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines in Soybean Seeds)

  • 이용주;장미형;노태환;이두구;이건휘;김시주
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.83-87
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    • 2009
  • 콩 불마름병을 일으키는 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines를 종자에서 DNA 추출없이 바로 검출하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 콩 종자에서 X. axonopodis pv. glycines를 특이적으로 검출하기 위해 특이적인 유전자로 알려져 있는 glycinecin A로부터 증폭 size가 401 bp인 primer Xag F1 & Xag R1을 고안하였다. Xag Fl과 Xag R1 primer는 콩 종자와 잎에서 분리한 균주와 KACC에서 분양받은 X. axonopoids pv. glycines 균주를 증폭시켰으나 근연종인 X. axonopodis pv. citri, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria 등은 증폭되지 않았다. 콩 종자에 존재하는 것으로 알려진 다른 세균들 역시 증폭되지 않았다. 고안된 Xag F1 & Xag R1 primer를 이용한 X. axonopodis pv. glycines의 검출 한계 농도 측정은 genomic DNA와 세포 현탁액을 이용하였다. X. axonopodis pv. glycines의 genomic DNA는 200 fg까지 증폭이 되었으며, 세포현탁액은 $OD_{600nm}$ 0.1로 농도를 조정한 뒤, $10^{-8}$까지 희석하여 측정한 결과 $10^{-6}$$1.8{\times}10^3$ cfu/ml까지 증폭이 확인되었다. 자연 감염된 종자에서 병원균을 검출하기 위해 종자를 육안상 건전종자와 불건전한 종자(변색립, 피해립)로 구분하여 direct PCR 방법으로 실험 한 결과 육안상 건전종자에서는 병원균이 검출되지 않았으나 불건전한 종자에서는 병원균의 검출이 확인되었다. 또한 진탕 배양 시간에 따른 병원균의 검출여부를 조사한 결과 진탕 배양 2시간부터 병원균의 검출이 확인되었으며 시간이 지날수록 증폭 밴드가 더욱 선명해 지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 고안된 Xag Fl & Xag R1 primer를 이용한 direct PCR 방법은 다른 많은 미생물들로 오염되어진 콩종자에 있는 X. axonopodis pv. glycines를 신속하고 민감하게 검정할 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.