• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the usefulness of extensile lateral approach for accurate reduction and rigid internal fixation in comminuted intraarticular fractures of calcaneus. Materials and Methods: From October 2002 to May 2007, we managed 55 patients (62 cases) with open reduction and internal fixation using extensile lateral approach. Among these, 38 patients (43 cases) who underwent preoperative and postoperative CT scan were enrolled. All patients were evaluated over 24 months after surgery. Bohler angle and Gissane angle on plain X-ray, displacement and step-off of articular surface of calcaneus on CT scan were measured and we compared the difference between preoperative and postoperative value of them. Clinical results were assessed by using AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale. Results: The average Bohler angle was restored from $6.8^{\circ}$ to $23.5^{\circ}$ and Gissane angle was improved from $116.4^{\circ}$ to $113.5^{\circ}$ after operation. The average distance of displacement was restored from 4.2 mm to 1.4 mm and step-off of articular surface was recovered from 5.1 mm to 1.3 mm. Clinical results were excellent in 17 cases, good in 18 cases, fair in 3 cases, and poor in 5 cases. 10 cases developed postoperative complications such as skin necrosis, heel pain, limitation of motion of ankle and subtalar arthritis. Conclusion: The extensile lateral approach is valuable for the comminuted intraarticular fractures of calcaneus that enables accurate anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation by providing direct exposure of subtalar joint.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.285-291
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• 2002

The shearing process for the sheet metal is normally used in the precision elements such as a frame of TFT-LCD or lead frame of If chips. In these precision elements, the burr formation prevents the system assembly and needs the additional burr removing process. In this paper, we developed the small size NC punching system which has an aligning kinematics between the rectangular shaped punch and die. The punch is driven by an ai cylinder and the sheet metal is moving on the X-Y table system which is driven by two stewing motors. The microprocessor control the whole system and communicate with the monitoring PC by RS232C serial communication protocol. The graphic user interface program in PC monitors nil control the punching system. The cross shaped joint hinge supports the punching die and positioned by two differential screws, whose are installed in perpendicular directions. The aligning between the punch and die is performed using the sheets of half thickness(0.1mm Brass) of the real process for the frame of the TFT-LCD. Using half thickness Brass, the burr formation is magnified and we can decide the aligning direction more easily then using the real thickness(0.2mm) Aluminum. In this paper, the aligning results are measured manually using the SEM photographs and we hope to make the automated aligning procedures using some kinds of image processing techniques.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.594-599
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• 2007

In this study, we evaluated whether the oral administration of chondroitin from the cartilage of Raja kenojei is effective on the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) mice. Arthritis development was delayed dose-dependently in the chondroitin-treated groups. The pre- and late-treated groups receiving 1,000 mg/kg of chondroitin had clinical scores that were reduced significantly by 56.9 (p<0.05) and 43.3% (p<0.05), respectively, compared to the vehicle-treated groups. Hematoxylin eosin staining and X-ray radiography showed that the chondroitins reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and prevented joint destruction of the knee and paw. Reverse transcription-polyerase chain reaction analysis revealed that chondroitin administration inhibited the expressions of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), $interlukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), and $interferon-{\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}$) in joints more than the administration of vehicle. Chondroitin treatment also decreased the production of rheumatoid factors (RF), IgG and IgM, in the serum of CIA mice. These results indicate that chrondroitin administration has a protective effect involving the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in CIA mice.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the result of muscle free flap transplantation in chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia and calcaneus occurred from open fractures and exposed bones and internal fixatives. Materials and Methods: The free muscle flap were transferred in the tibia and calcaneus and followed up average 7.3 years at the department of orthopedic surgery from March 1997 to September 2009. Six patients were male and 1 case female averaged 50.3 years of age. Two latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flaps were transplanted to the exposed 2/3 of the tibia with soft tissue defect, one rectus abdominis muscle free flap to the mid 1/3 of the tibia and four gracilis muscle free flaps to the distal 1/3 of the tibia and calcaneus. Results: At average 7.2 years follow-up, all of the 7 cases obtained solid bone union in the X-ray and kept sound soft tissues without pus discharges. The overall result of bone union, healed soft tissues defect and normal knee and ankle joint range of motion were excellent. Conclusion: The free muscle flap transferred to the chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia and calcaneus showed excellent results in bone union and eradication of the pus forming bacteria by its abundant blood flow.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2008

Post-tensioned precast concrete system (PPS) consists of U-shaped precast wide beams and concrete column. The continuity of beam-column joint is provided with the topping concrete on the PC shell beam and post-tensioning. Nonlinear analysis was conducted, using ANSYS, a finite-element analysis program, to obtain data for determining the characteristics of the structure and to allow various parametric analyses for post-tensioned wide beam-column connections. In this analysis, the Solid 65 element was used, in which concrete element had 8 nodes and each node had 3 degrees of freedomIn. Solid 65, the shear-transfer factor reflects a decrease of shear strength for the positions with cracks, as an impact factor to make the analysis value approximate the experiment value. In this study, the behavior of test specineus were most closely predicted to the experimental results, when the shear-transfer coefficient 0.85 was used for a closed crack, and 0.2 was used for an open crack.

• 대한근관절건강학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.238-246
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• 2002

최근 경제의 발전과 의학의 발달로 인하여 인간의 수명은 점차 연장됨에 따라, 노인인구도 급격히 증가하고 있다. 40세 이상 여성 인구도 8.998천명으로 전체 여성의 38%를 차지하며 이는 매년 증가할 것이다. 그리하여 전체 인구에 대한 폐경 여성의 점유율도 급격히 증가하고 있다. 폐경 이후 $5{\sim}10$년 동안 매년 $2{\sim}4%$씩 골농도가 감소하고 있기 때문에 폐경기 여성을 위협하는 주요 질환 중 하나가 골다공증이다. 하지만 골다공증은 뚜렷한 자각증상이 없어 골 기형 및 골절이 발생하기 전에는 조기발견이 어렵다. 골다공증은 모든 중년 여성의 건강문제이므로 지역사회에서 골절 발생 위험율을 줄일 수 있도록 골다공증 예방을 위한 건강관리가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 지역사회에서 적용할 수 있는 골다공증 예방 프로그램을 개발하여 그 효과를 검정한 후 지역사회 중년 여성 건강증진 프로그램으로 활용코저 함에 있다. 골다공증 예방 프로그램은 운동과 교육으로 구성하였으며, 12주 동안 점핑 동작 위주의 에어로빅과 스텝퍼 운동과 근력강화운동(최대 심박수의 $70%{\sim}80%$, $70{\sim}80$분, 3회/주)을 병행하여 실시하였고, 교육은 운동과 칼슘 섭취의 중요성을 건강 신념 이론에 근거하여 자기 효능감을 증대시키는 교육을 하여 지속적인 운동 실천과 칼슘식이 섭취를 하도록 하였다. 대상자는 서울시 일개 보건소에서 골감소증으로 진단받은 폐경 여성으로 실험군 19명과 대조군 19명이었다. 골다공증 예방 프로그램의 효과는 골밀도, DPD ratio, osteocalcin, 일일 평균 칼슘섭취량, 일일 열량 소모량, 배근력, 최대 산소 섭취량, 제지방량과 건강신념 변수로 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 PC SPSS 8.0 프로그램을 이용하여 대상자의 일반적 특성은 실수와 백분율로 실험군과 대조군의 동질성 검사는 t-test, $x^2-test$ 및 Fisher exact test를 이용하였고, 두 집단 간 결과변수들의 중재 전후의 차이는 t-test로 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) $L_{2-4}$ 골밀도는 실험군이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 2) DPD ratio와 osteocalcin은 두 집단간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 배근력은 실험군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 증가하였으나, 제지방량과 최대 산소 섭취량은 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

Efficient gait is compensate for a lack of exercise, but the wrong walking can cause disease that joints, muscles, brain and body structure(Scott & Winter, 1990). Also many researchers has been studied gait of positive mechanism using analytical methods kinetic, kinematic. This study is to identify nature of knee adduction moment, depending on different foot progression angle and the movement of rotation of pelvis and body. Health study subject conducted intended walking with three different angles. The subjects of this study classified three types of walking; walk erect, pigeon-toed walk and an out-toed gait. Ten university students of K without previous operation and disease record selected for this study. For accuracy of this study, three types of walking carried out five times with 3D image analysis and using analysis of ground reaction force to analyze nature of knee adduction moment and the movement of rotation of pelvis and body. Firstly, the HC(heel contact) section value of intended walk erect, pigeon-toed walk and an out-toed gait was not shown statistically significant difference but TO(toe off) section value was shown that the pigeon-toed walk statistically significant. The value of pigeon-toed walk was smallest knee adduction moment(p< 0.005). Secondly, X axis was the change of rotation movement body and pelvis when walk erect, pigeon-toed walk and an out-toed gait. Shown statistically Y axis was not shown statistically significant but Z axis statistically significant(p<0.05). These result show the significant differences on TO section when walking moment reaches HC, it decides the walking types and rotates the foot.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

The forged iron axe found in the No. 2 wood-framed tomb (the middle 3rd century) of Hwangseongdong, Gyeongju is rectangular on the plane level. It shows an obtuse angle in the edge part, while the joint part has the both sides folded up and shows the traces of wood. Under the reflected light, the Iron axe shines in metal luster, which is bright light gray or light creamy colors. The result of x-ray diffraction analysis shows that the axe consists of magnetite and geothite, which can explain why the composition and structure of the original ore has been kept intact. The microtexture of the axe has the irregular network of ferrite and pearlite, and tile cementite of tiny amount in the ferrite background. The overall treatment of the texture seems to be thermal with a high ratio of carbon. There are fine-grained magnetite, wolframite, quartz, calcite, mica, hornblende and pyroxene inside the axe. Those must be the impurities that they failed to remove in the refining process. The normal ferrite is composed of pure iron whose $Fe_2O_3$ proportion is from 99.16 to $99.84\;wt.\%$. Other than them, the ferrite parts usually contain $Al_2O_3\;and\;SiO_2$. The irregular network of pearlite also contains Impurities including $Al_2O_3\;and\;SiO_2$ and shows highly diverse patterns of carbon content. It's because the axe was carburized after the material was made to resemble pure iron. The decarbonization work didn't go well along the process marks. It's estimated that the original ore was bloom produced in low-temperature reduction and formed around in $727^{\circ}C$, which is eutetic temperature.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 1997

Multicentric chondrosarcoma other than the mesenchymal subtype is rare separate entity. We experienced a case with nonmonomelic synchronous multicentric chondrosarcoma without any preexisting lesions of Oilier's disease or Maffucci's syndrome. To our knowledge, there was no report of synchronous nonmonomelic multicentric chondrosarcoma. A thirty-three year old man had right distal thigh pain of one and half year. Bone scan showed hot lesions on medial condyle of right femur and shaft of left femur. Plain X-ray showed osteolytic lesion on right femur and slight cortical thickening and calcific lesion was observed on left femoral shaft. Curettage and bone cement filling was done on both lesions. The pathology reports were grade I chondrosarcoma on both side of femur. At one month from operation, pathologic fracture of left femur occurred on bone cement-host bone junction. Conservative treatment and radiotherapy of 60Gy was done. At 8 months from operation, nonunion was evident. Segmental resection of left femur with contralateral fibula graft and second look operation on right condyle lesion were done. At 6 months from revision, fracture occurred at host-graft bone junction. We removed previous hardware and applied long DCP and massive autogenous bone graft. Afterwards, the patient looks good and union was progressing. But at 4 years from last operation, hypertrophic nonunion occurred. Another revision was done with condylar plate and bone graft and now he is well without any sign of local recurrence or metastasis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.197-209
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• 1985

To investigate the relationship between the pubertal spurt in body height and bone maturity of the hand-and-wrist in normal occlusion, the author X-rayed the hand-and-wrists of 1,141 students (male 614, female 527) and assessed their bone maturity. In this study, eleven skeletal stages were selected. The bones used to determine skeletal maturity were the ulnar sesamoid of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the first finger, the epiphyses of the proximal, middle, distal phalanges of the third finger, and middle phalanx of the fifth finger, and distal epiphysis of the radius. From the longitudinal data for height, an assessment was made of the change in growth velocity. The pubertal growth stage was divided into onset and peak height velocity phases. The results were as follows; 1. The onset of the pubertal growth was between the $PP_3=\;and\;MP_3=$ stage for boys, and between the $MP_3=\;and\;MP_5=$ stage for girls; the mean age of onset was 10.6 years for boys and 9.0 years for girls. 2. The peak height velocity was between the S and $MP_{3_{cap}}$ stage for boys, and between the $MP_{3_{cap}}$ and $MP_{5_{cap}}$ stage for girls; the mom age of peak height velocity was 12.5 years for boys and 10.9 years for girls. 3. As the stages of bone maturity progressed from $DP_{3u},\;to\;PP_{3u},\;MP_{3u}$, Ru, the peak height velocity had been reached, and the growth rate retarded, therefore the approach to full physical maturity was attained. 4. The evidence for the period of onset, peak height velocity and bone maturation suggested that girls were in advance of boys. During the latter part of pubertal growth, the rate of boys' bone maturation was faster than that of girls'.