• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1422-1432
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• 2014

Convergent all-electron multi-reference configuration-interaction (MRCI) calculations are performed for a lithium dimer with Kaufmann's Rydberg basis functions. A comparison of the results of these calculations with those of the effective core potential/core polarization potential (ECP/CPP) method and experimental data reveals the deficiency of the all-electron ab initio method. The deficiency is related to the mere 51.9% attainment of electron correlation for the ground state. The percent attainment of electron correlation for the first excited state is slightly better than that for the ground state, preventing us from obtaining better agreements with experimental data by means of increasing the size of basis sets. The Kaufmann basis functions are then used with the ECP/CPP method to obtain the accurate convergent potential energy curves for the $^1\prod_u$ states correlated to Li(2p) + Li(2p) and Li(2s) + Li(n = 2, 3, 4). Quantum defect curves (QDCs) calculated for both the $X^2\sum_g$ and 1 $^2\prod_u$ states of the $Li{_2}^+$ ion and the Lu-Fano plot reveal a strong series-series interaction between the two $2snp{\pi}$ and $2pnp{\pi}$ Rydberg series. The QDCs are then used to resolve assignment problems in the literature. The reassignments, performed by Jedrzejewski-Szemek et al., of the dissociation product of the D $^1\prod$ state from (2s+3d) to (2s+3p) and that of the 6 $^1\prod_u$ from (2s+4d) to (2s+4p) are found to be incorrect. It may be more natural to assign their $2snp{\pi}$ Rydberg series as a $2snd{\pi}$ series. The state, assigned as 5p $^1\prod_u$ by Ross et al. and 4d $^1\prod$ by Jedrzejewski-Szemek et al., is assigned as the 7 $^1\prod_u$ state, correlated to the Li(2s) + Li(4f) limit.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1975

This experiment was carried out to obtain a marked larvae in sex-limited inheritance, using F$_1$ hybrid Bo ok X Chun san introduced from Japan. Sequence of backcrossing has been done through the earlier generation with a recessive character of plain marked larvae. 1. It is noted that genotypic segregation of sex-limited larval marking was observed in F$_4$ generation; female possesses larval marking and male shows a plain marking. 2. Larval marking heredity follows a diagram of segregation with an expected genotype such as ♀ ： (W$.$＋p)/Z$.$P/P and ♂ ： Z/Z$.$P/P. 3. It is observed that dissociation was occurred to produce female with a genotype of W/Z$.$P/P in segregation ana selection. 4. Abnormal ratio of sexuality is observed in the course of segregation and segregation and analysis of it is continuously under way. 5, It is observed that the difference of qualitative characteristics between female and male obtained from the original variety shows the same tendency as the normal marked variety.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 1989

The present study was designed to develop a new method for the determination of estrogen receptor in porcine uterus using frozen sections. Cryostat sections were incubated with $^3H$-estradiol($^3H$-$E_2$) in the presence or absence of diethylstilbestrol(DES) and the radioactivity of 3H-E2 bound to estrogen receptor(ER) was detected. The level of specific estrogen receptor was determined by Scatchard analysis. The highest ratio of specific binding against total binding was achieved in 3 sec. tions(5mm x 5mm) which was corresponded to lOO${\mu}$/ml protein concentration. Optimal binding was obtained during incubation with $^3H$-$E_2$ for 30 minutes at 23$^{\circ}C$ after treatment of sections with acetone for 20 seconds. Three time-washing of sections was proved to be appropriate for the removal of unbound 3H-E2. 200-fold molar excess of DES was substituted for the binding of $^3H$-$E_2$ to ER sufficiently(binding efficiency of 54.8%). ER was saturated with 4nM of $^3H$-$E_2$ and its dissociation constant was 0.1nM. ER assay using frozen sections(Histological radioreceptor assay, HRRA) was significantly correlated with radioreceptor assay for estradiol(RRA, 0.976 , p

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.472-472
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• 2011

The capacitive coupled plasma (CCP) has been extensively used in the semiconductor industry because it has not only good uniformity, but also low electron temperature. But CCP source has some problems, such as difficulty in varying the ion bombardment energy separately, low plasma density, and high processing pressure, etc. In this reason, dual frequency CCP has been investigated with a separate substrate biasing to control the plasma parameters and to obtain high etch rate with high etch selectivity. Especially, in this study, we studied on the etching of $SiO_2$ by using the pulse-time modulation in the dual-frequency CCP source composed of 60 MHz/ 2 MHz rf power. By using the combination of high /low rf powers, the differences in the gas dissociation, plasma density, and etch characteristics were investigated. Also, as the size of the semiconductor device is decreased to nano-scale, the etching of contact hole which has nano-scale higher aspect ratio is required. For the nano-scale contact hole etching by using continuous plasma, several etch problems such as bowing, sidewall taper, twist, mask faceting, erosion, distortions etc. occurs. To resolve these problems, etching in low process pressure, more sidewall passivation by using fluorocarbon-based plasma with high carbon ratio, low temperature processing, charge effect breaking, power modulation are needed. Therefore, in this study, to resolve these problems, we used the pulse-time modulated dual-frequency CCP system. Pulse plasma is generated by periodical turning the RF power On and Off state. We measured the etch rate, etch selectivity and etch profile by using a step profilometer and SEM. Also the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis on the surfaces etched by different duty ratio conditions correlate with the results above.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2001

The effect of neutral ligand(L) on the precursor characteristics of (hfac)Cu(I)-L and on Cu MOCVD Process was studied. The neutral ligands of (hac)Cu(I)-L$_{x}$, such as ATMS(allytrimethylsilane), VTMS(vinyltrimethylsilane), VCH(vinylcyclohexane), MP(4-methyl-1-pentene), ACP(allylcyclopentane), and DMB(3,3-dimethyl-1-butene) were investigated. When the dissociation temperature of Cu(I)-L bond is low, low temperature deposition below $100^{\circ}C$ is possible and the resistivity of the film is low. But thermal stability of the precursor is low in this case. The resistivity is almost the same regardless of L at the deposition temperature range of $125~175^{\circ}C$. The resistivity is increased as the molecular weight of L becomes higher above $225^{\circ}C$ The vapor pressure of the precursor was closely related to the boiling point of L, the lower the boiling point of L, the higher the vapor pressurere.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2008

Purpose: Aortic Dissection is very dangerous, prognostic disease, which the bloodstream flow out of the true lumen of the aorta by the bursting of aortic intima resulting in a rapid dissociation of inner and outer layer from the media. It is difficult to diagnose aortic dissection clinically by normal X-ray. This study was to investigate the occurrence frequency by age and number of patients who are identified to be aortic dissection by CT (Computed Tomography) scan. Materials and methods: We investigated the trend of yearly fluctuation, gender, age, and department of clinical research of the 112 patients who conducted CT scan in C- University Hospital for two years from January 2005 to December 2006. The MIP and SSD which reconstructed CT image and the VRT image were obtained for the accurate observation. The result was investigated by comparing normal X-ray and CT scan. Results and Conclusion: 1. The yearly check of 112 patients conducted CT scan showed 37 people (41.9%) in 2005, and it was increased to 65 (58.1%) in 2006 by 1.4 times. 2. The gender distribution of patients given a CT scan showed 45 males (40.1%), and female 67 (59.9 %). The aortic dissection patients were 9 (20%) out of 45 males, 21 (31.3%) out of 67 females and women were 1.6 times more than men. Women are also 1.5 times more than men in the number of examinee. 3. The age distribution of patient's who conducted CT scan revealed that there was no patient under 30 years old while 88.3% of all patients were through 41 to 80 years old. The higher the age was, the higher the occurrence of aortic dissection was. The difference in the occurrence frequency of age was statistically significant (p<0.01). 4. The departments that requested CT scan were the emergency department 46 (41.1%), circulatory internal medicine 37 (33.0%), chest surgery 13 (11.6%), and others 6 (14.3%). The combined ratio of emergency medicine and circulatory internal medicine was 74.1% of all. The results show that the aortic dissection is a very dangerous disease whose patients visit mainly via the emergency room. 5. The aortic dissection patients had normal X-ray readings in 22 (73.3%) out of 30, and only 8 (26.7 percent) are abnormal in the X-ray diagnosis. Therefore, the CT scan needs to be enforced in order to assess accurately the disease of aortic dissection.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.258-270
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• 1987

A series of new thorium nitrate complexes with crown ethers have been synthesized from the reaction of the hydrated thorium nitrate, with the appropriate crown ethers of different cavity sizes in various solvents such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, methylacetate, acetone, tetrahydrofuran and acetylacetone. CHN elemental analysis, ICPAS, thermal analysis and Karl-Fischer method have been used to characterize their compositions, and the spectroscopic methods of IR, UV, $^1H-NMR$, and X-ray diffraction have been employed to determine the structures and solvolysis phenomena of these complexes. and the electrical conductances were measured in DMSO, and water solvent. The solvolysis have been observed only in the complexes synthesized in acetylacetone solvent. In the solvated complexes of 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6, the mole ratio of $Th^{4+}$: ligand : acetylacetone is found to be 1:1:1, but in the non-solvated complexes of 12-crown-4 and 15-crown-5, the mole ratios of Th:L are 1:2 and 2:3, respectively, and that in the complexes of both 18-crown-6 and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 is 1:1. All complexes which were not solvated have shown $n{\to}{\sigma}^{\ast}$ electronic transitions of crown ether whereas complexes solvated have exhibited both $n{\to}{\sigma}^{\ast}$ of crown ether and $n{\to}{\pi}^{\ast}$ transitions of acac. The dissociation mole ratio of $Th^{4+}$ and nitrate ion is found to be 1:1 in aprotic solvent, and 1:4 in protic solvent like water.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1967

1. Within experimental chromatin, the total protein: DNA ratio did not vary in the same organs of control and irradiated rats. However, the amount of RNA and total protein associated with the DNA varied considerably among the different types of chromatin. In particular, the content of chromatin was the highest in the irradiated tissue, and the lowest in the chromatin control tissue. RNA and total protein ratio of chromatins from brain, liver, testis and spleen declined with experimental organs. 2. There was the same quantitative relationship between the amount of RNA and the amount histone-protein associated with DNA in each chromatin. 3. RNA:DNA ratio of chromatin showed a $1.5{\sim}2$ times increase in the irradiated organs except brain. However, RNA:DNA ratio was decreased in chromatin by irradiation. 4. Histone-protein:Residual protein ratio was greatly varied among the organs. However, the effect was not found by irradiation. 5. Priming activity of chromatins showed a higher value in testis and the activity was greater in organs with higher metabolic activity. 6. Inhibition of Actinomycin D observable in chromatin for testis, liver, spleen and brain declined without relationship between irradiated and non-irradiated conditions. Ammonium sulfate in DNA of chromatin from histone showed increased priming activity with dissociation by Electrostatics. It may give different effect of ammonium sulfate on stimulation by property of chromatins. 7. It is suggested that the results support a proposal that the higher sensitivity of radioactive in testis, spleen by irradiated showed a increase and decrease lower-sensitivity of radioactive from brain, liver than did priming activity under the radioactive conditions.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2012

For reconstituting genetic resource(Korean Native Chicken: KNC) with grem-line chimeric chicken made with cryopreserved biastdermal cells, the experiments were carried out to optimize cryopreservating conditions. Stage X biastdemal cells were collected from KNC embryos and dissociated. Cells were susupended in medium containing cyopretectant and fetal bovine serum(FBS), and distributed into plastic ampules. Cell susupensions were seeded to induce ice formation at $-7^{\circ}C$ to $-35^{\circ}C$ at in the experiments, the effect of modification of dissociation way, concentration of FBS and cell density on the vaibility of frezen-thawed cells were investigated by trypan blue exclusion. Then change the way of cell dissociation from pipetting to short time vortexing, viability of frozen-thawed cell tended to be increaced from 29 % to 52 %. Increase concentraition of FBS in frozen medium from 20 % to 80 % made viability of thawed cell from 28 % to 35 %. The viability of thawed cells were 33.9% frozen at 2 embryos/0.5 ml, and 43.6 % frozen at 20 embryos/0.5 ml. Furthermore, combination of three modifications make big improvement. The viability of frozen-thawed cell was 60 % for combinated method, and 41 % for general method. This result means the advance to practical cryoreservation of blastdermal cell of the KNC(Ogolgye breed).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.353-357
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• 2017

In this study, the inclusion phenomena of tetrahydrofuran + 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran + $CH_4$ clathrate hydrates were explored via thermodynamic and spectroscopic approaches. The phase equilibria of the double hydrates - THF + $CH_4$ and 3-OH THF + $CH_4$ clathrate hydrates - were determined by pressure-temperature trace during hydrate formation and dissociation, and the result revealed that the equilibrium pressures were shifted to lower pressure region compared to pure $CH_4$ hydrate. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the double hydrates of THF + 3-OH THF formed structure II type clathrate hydrates with $CH_4$. The dispersive Raman spectra of the double clathrate hydrates also exhibited that $CH_4$ can be trapped in both $5^{12}6^4$ and $5^{12}$ cages whereas THF and 3-OH THF were encaged in $5^{12}6^4$ cage.