• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.137-140
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 X-Ray 영상에서 발 뼈의 골절 영역을 분석 및 진단하기 위한 전단계로서 X-Ray 영상에서 뼈와 피부 영역을 분할하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 X-Ray 영상의 피부 영역과 발 뼈 영역을 분할하기 위해 가우시안 필터를 적용하여 DOG 영상을 생성한다. 그러나 기존의 가우시안 필터는 정적으로 적용되기 때문에 영상을 촬영하는 부위와 각도에 따라 영상의 특성이 달라지는 X-Ray 영상에 적용하기에 부적합하다. 따라서 부위와 각도에 따라 영상의 특성 변화에 민감하지 않는 동적 가우시안 필터를 제안한다. 실험 결과에서는 제안하는 동적 가우시안 필터와 기존의 정적인 가우시안 필터를 각각 적용하여 생성된 DOG 영상에 대해서 발 뼈 영역과 피부 영역을 분할하고, 효율성을 TPR과 특이도로 분석한 결과, 제안된 동적 가우시안 필터를 적용한 방법이 정적 가우시안 필터보다 평균적으로 TPR는 0.12%와 특이도는 평균적으로 0.36%가 개선된 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2001

For the purpose of determining characteristics of widely used commercial medical x-ray films, which are used for obtaining the Linac-grams for radiational treatment of cancers, we placed several commercial x-ray films at a fixed distance form the linear accelerator. After varying the exposed amount of radiation step by step, we could obtain a continually increasing density image for each film whose densities were determined by microdensitometer readings. The characteristic curves of the films were obtained by plotting the densities vs. the exposed radiation amounts, and their ${\gamma}$ values were determined. These values can be used to suggest a minimum necessary amount of exposed radiation to get a useful Linac-gram. The measured ${\gamma}$ values of the characteristic curves of the Kodak-DVP/RA-1 film were 1.73 when used 6MV x-ray, 1.70 when used 15MV of intensity. For the Konica-AX film, ${\gamma}$ values were 1.29 and 1.18 respectively. The result suggests that the effective conditions for high resolution of a L-gram be 6 MV of x-ray intensity and about 3 rad of exposed dose on a Kodak-DVP/RA-1 film.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.382-384
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• 2002

Filtered-Back-Projection technique is used in X-ray CT image reconstruction. This requires X-ray transmission data from all directions. As the transverse cross-section of the body is approximately 50 cm, transmitted X-rays in this direction are strongly attenuated. If X-ray transmission data in this direction is avoided, exposure to the patients seems to be reduced one 20th of usual value. Some alternative method has to be found for clinically sufficient image quality. New methods are under development and tentative results are reported that utilizes the principle of superposition.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2021

The evolution of X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been based on the discovery of X-rays, the inception of the Radon transform, and the development of X-ray digital data acquisition systems and computer technology. Unlike conventional X-ray imaging (general radiography), CT reconstructs cross-sectional anatomical images of the internal structures according to X-ray attenuation coefficients (approximate tissue density) for almost every region in the body. This article reviews the essential physical principles and technical aspects of the CT scanner, including several notable evolutions in CT technology that resulted in the emergence of helical, multidetector, cone beam, portable, dual-energy, and phase-contrast CT, in integrated imaging modalities, such as positron-emission-tomography-CT and single-photon-emission-computed-tomography-CT, and in clinical applications, including image acquisition parameters, CT angiography, image adjustment, versatile image visualizations, volumetric/surface rendering on a computer workstation, radiation treatment planning, and target localization in radiotherapy. The understanding of CT characteristics will provide more effective and accurate patient care in the fields of diagnostics and radiotherapy, and can lead to the improvement of image quality and the optimization of exposure doses.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1442-1448
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• 2012

The problem of Metal Area Segmentation (MAS) in X-ray CT images is a very hard task because of metal artifacts. This research features a practical yet effective method for MAS in X-ray CT images that exploits both projection image and reconstructed image spaces. We employ the Relevant Neighbor Area (RNA) idea [1] originally developed for projection image inpainting in order to create a novel feature in the projection image space that distinctively represents metal and near-metal pixels with opposite signs. In the reconstructed result of the feature image, application of a simple thresholding technique provides accurate segmentation of metal areas due to nice separation of near-metal areas from metal areas in its histogram.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.765-771
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• 2019

Skull X-ray 영상에서 노이즈의 발생은 불가피하며, 이는 영상 화질과 진단 정확도를 저하시키고 디지털 영상 장치의 특성상 오류를 증가시킨다. 이러한 노이즈는 선량을 증가시키면 쉽게 감쇠되긴 하지만 환자가 받는 피폭선량이 더 큰 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 그래서 선량문제를 해결하고 동시에 노이즈를 줄이기 위해저 선량에서 노이즈 감소 알고리즘이 활발히 연구되고 있는데, 초기에 개발되고 널리 사용되어진 median filter와 Wiener filter는 노이즈 감소 효율이 떨어지고 영상경계에 대한 정보가 많이 손실된다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 이전 노이즈 감소효율의 문제점을 보완할 수 있는 total variation (TV) 알고리즘을 skull X-ray 영상에 적용하여 정량적으로 평가하고 비교를 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 Siemens사의 X-ray 장치를 사용하여 성인 skull을 모사할 수 있는 팬텀을 통해 다양한 관전압과 관전류량을 사용하여 실제 skull X-ray 팬텀 영상을 획득하였다. 또한, 각각의 팬텀 영상에 noisy image, median filter, Wiener filter, TV 알고리즘을 적용하였을 때의 대조도 대 잡음비 (CNR)와 변동계수 (COV)를 비교 측정했다. 실험 결과 TV 알고리즘을 적용하였을 때, 모든 조건에서 CNR와 COV 특성이 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 이번 연구를 통해 TV 알고리즘을 사용하여 영상의 질을 높일 수 있는지에 대해 확인해 보았고, 이론적으로 CNR 값은 관전류량이 증가할수록 노이즈가 감소함으로 인해 증가하는 것을 알아볼 수 있었다. 반면에, COV는 관전류량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며 관전압이 증가하였을 때 noise는 감소하고 투과량이 증가하여 COV가 감소하는 것을 알아볼 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 1984

A digital X-ray system was designed using photo-diode arrays. This system consists of the following five sub-units; (1) slit and driving system (2) X-ray detection system (3) data-conversion system (4) computer (5) image display system. Using this system, one can obtain scatter-free, high contrast, digitally formatted, high quality image, as compared with the conventional film-based X-ray system.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.319-331
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• 2022

The capability to examine an X-ray image is so far a challenging task. In this work, we suggest a practical and novel algorithm based on image fusion to inspect the issues such as background noise, blurriness, or sharpness, which curbs the quality of dual-energy X-ray images. The current technology exercised for the examination of bags and baggage is "X-ray"; however, the results of the incumbent technology used show blurred and low contrast level images. This paper aims to improve the quality of X-ray images for a clearer vision of illegitimate or volatile substances. A dataset of 40 images was taken for the experiment, but for clarity, the results of only 13 images have been shown. The results were evaluated using MSE and PSNR metrics, where the average PSNR value of the proposed system compared to single X-ray images was increased by 19.3%, and the MSE value decreased by 17.3%. The results show that the proposed framework will help discern threats and the entire scanning process.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.1062-1075
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• 2010

의료 영상 분야에서 영상의 분할 및 특성의 추출을 위하여 명암도 차이를 이용하는 방법이 널리 사용되고 있으며, 임계값을 결정한 뒤 이를 기준으로 영상을 이진화하는 임계값 방식이 잘 알려져 있다. 임계값 방식 중 자주 사용되는 방식이 임계값을 선택하는 데 효율적이면서, 효과적인 선정 기준을 제시하고 있는 Otsu 알고리즘이다. 하지만 흉부 X-ray 영상에 대해서는 Otsu 알고리즘의 적용으로 좋은 영상 분할 결과를 얻을 수 없다. 이는 폐 영역 주변에는 갈비뼈나 혈관과 같은 다양한 기관이 존재하여 따라서 명암도 레벨의 분포가 불명확하기 때문이다. 이러한 불명료성을 개선하기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 X-ray 영상의 배경을 배제한 후 Otsu 알고리즘을 적용하고, 명암 레벨 지도를 생성한 후, 이를 이용하여 X-ray 영상을 분할하는 효과적인 폐 영역 추출 알고리즘을 제시한다. 제안한 방법의 효과를 검증하기 위해 제안한 방법과 기존의 1차원 및 2차원 Otsu 알고리즘, 그리고 전문가의 육안 분할 결과와 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 제안한 방법이 기존 Otsu 방법에 비해 더 정확하게 폐 영역을 추출하였으며, 육안 분할 결과와 거의 비슷한 결과를 보여 주었다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제27권2_2호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2024

The purpose of radiological Dispersal Device(RDD) is to kill people by explosives and to cause radiation exposure by dispersing radioactive materials. And It is a form of explosive that combines radioactive materials such as Co-60 and Ir-192 with improvised explosives. In this study, we tested and evaluated whether it was possible to read the internal structure of an explosive using X-rays in a radioactive explosive situation. The improvised explosive device was manufactured using 2 lb of model TNT explosives, one practice detonator, one 9V battery, and a timer switch in a leather briefcase measuring 41×35×10 cm³. The radioactive material used was the Co-60 source used in the low-level gamma ray irradiation device operated at the Advanced Radiation Research Institute of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. The radiation dose used was gamma ray energy of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV from a Co-60 source of 2208 Ci. The dose rates are divided into 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Gy/h, and the exposure time was divided into 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes. Co-60 source was mixed with the manufactured explosive and X-ray image reading was performed. As a result of the experiment, the X-ray image appeared black in all conditions divided by dose rate and time, and it was impossible to confirm the internal structure of the explosive. This is because γ-rays emitted from radioactive explosives have higher energy and stronger penetrating power than X-rays, so it is believed that imaging using X-rays is limited By blackening the film. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for research and development of X-ray imaging that can read the internal structure of explosives in radioactive explosive situations.