• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.352-356
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• 2011

주로 탄화수소화합물로 구성된 EPS(Expended poly styrene)는 뛰어난 단열성능, 경제성, 건식공법의 시공편리성으로 단열재로 많이 사용되지만 화재에 취약한 단점이 있다. 최근 EPS패널의 다양한 난연화를 통해 난연EPS패널제품이 개발되고 있고 시장에서의 사용이 증가되고 있다. 그러나 가짜 난연EPS제품의 사용이 사회적 문제가 되고 있는 것도 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 난연EPS와 일반EPS가 성분이 다른점을 이용하여, 현장에서 시공되고 있는 시료의 진위여부 판단을 위해 X-선형광분석기(XRF)를 사용한 원소분석을 시도하였다. 분석결과 매우 간단한 방법으로 시료의 진위여부를 확인할 수 있었으며, 따라서 현장에서 사용될 수 있는 분석법으로 적용가능성에 대하여 고찰하였다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2013

This research aims to examine compositional and microstructural properties of grayish-blue-powdered celadon in Wonju Beopcheon-temple site. X-ray fluorescence sequential spectroscopy (XRF) with micro-point analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to determine the chemical composition, microstructure and crystallinity of samples, respectively. As a result, the average compositions of bodies were low silica ($RO_2$) and high flux (RO+$R_2O$). Owing to the high content of calcium oxide the glaze is considered lime type between limealkali type. The body of celdon sheard was found quarts, mullite, microcline, albite. Especially, the body's chemical compositions were compared to the results of previous studies by using a Seger formula. The compositional properties of Grayish-blue-powdered celadon in Wonju Beopcheon-temple site showed diffrently from the the other grayish-blue-powdered celadon.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.6
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

The elements of the pigments used on the wall painting in Ssangyeongchong (Tomb of Two Pillars) from Goguryeo in the Nampo area of Pyeongyang were analyzed to confirm their mineral compositions and features of the painting. Specifically, the non-destructive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) was used. On the other hand, the mineral composition of the background and pigment layers were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results of these analyses suggested that the lips of the characters in the painting were painted with HgS, and their faces, painted with HgS(Cinnabar/ vermilion) mixed with CaCO₃. Note that lead white pigment [2PbCO₃·Pb(OH)₂] was found only on the bottom layer of the painting, indicating that the wall painting was likely to have been created using the Secco method.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.12-20
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• 2002

The analysis of danchung pigments at the Geunjeongjeon Hall in the Gyeongbokgung Palace were carried out by EXRF and MXRD. The analytical results showed that mineral pigments were employed for the inside of the Geunjeongjeon Hall. The main ingredients of green pigments were chalcanthite and celadonite. Red pigment was cinnnabar. It was also revealed that synthetic pigments were applied for the outside of the Hall. Yellow pigment was chrome yellow. The main ingredients of red pigments were red lead and hematite. Green pigments were emeral green and chrome green. Lazurite was employed for blue pigment and titanium dioxide for white one.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.13
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

So-hwan earring(small hoop earing) is orbicular earring that have only main hoop. In this study, So-hwan earring from Baekje tombs are analyzed scientifically and those is attempted to find the correlation between scientific results and historical constituent. Six earrings were excavated from Habjung-ri sites in Buyeo and formative features and material characteristics of them were analyzed by microscope and XRF. As a results, various toreutics about producing gold silver alloy, pressure welding and amalgam plating that existed in Baekje from Ungjin period to Sabi period.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.5
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• pp.23-30
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• 2004

Buddhist image engraved on the bronze mirror in the Goryo period were conserved in 1986 and 1996, respectively. As the time passed, re-conservation was required that powdered copper corrosion product on the mirror image occurred. Accordingly, additional conservation including stabilization and consolidation were carried out to prevent further corrosion. The powder filled in the line of the buddhist image and the chasing techniques were examined using microscope and portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The result showed that composition of powder were gold, silver and calcium(calcite or gypsum). The main chasing techniques used to engrave pattern seemed to be dotted-line, hairline and the kicking-line engraving.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.11
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• pp.31-42
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• 2010

Here is an introduction of the conservation and making process of Seodae(Rank Belt with A Rhinoceros' Horn) of the Chuncheon National Museum. The seodae has a structure composed of wrapping fabric around a leather frame and decorated with ttidon(an ornament) made of a rhinoceros' horn and a metal frame. The adhesion between leather was weak and separation was taking place, parts of the horn were missing and the fabric was discoloring. Also the metal frame and the metal wire attaching ttidon were severly corroded. Nondestructive analysis was carried out by using a portable x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to analyze the components of the metal parts. Conservation was carried out by dismantling parts and carrying out conservation process of each one according to material, then the parts were put back together.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.13
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• pp.13-22
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• 2012

The patterns for Jeogui and Pyeseul (patterns of the queen's ceremonial robe worn and a belt ornament covering knees in the front) as owned by National Museum of Korea were made in the early 20th century and both of them were colored on paper. Through a non-destructive analysis on pigments and dyes used on both the patterns, it was attempted to identify the coloring materials. As for the analysis of the coloring pigments, the XRF was used. As a result of the pigment analysis on the pattern for Jeogui, it is presumed that lead white was used for obtaining the white color, ink stick for black color, orpiment for yellow color, cinnabar and red lead for red color, copper and arsenical or a mixture of copper carbonate and orpiment for green color whereas brass seems to have been used for obtaining other colors. The pigments used for obtaining the colors of white, black, yellow and green on the pattern for Pyeseul are the same as those used on the pattern for Jeogui whereas the red pigments used on each of the two patterns are seen to be different. Although it may be difficult to identify the kinds of blue pigments that were used on the patterns for Jeogui and Pyeseul, a mixture containing lead white is presumed to be used as blue pigment. Also, as a result of the UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis performed on the blue hanji (traditional Korean paper) of the pattern for Jeogui, it was presumed to have been dyed with indigo.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.224-233
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• 2018

Thirty-three Early Iron Age bronzes at the sites of Hoam-dong in Chungju and Cheongsong-ri in Buyeo were investigated in order to study the manufacturing technique and the provenance of lead. Chemical analysis using X-ray fluorescence showed that 33 bronzes consist of copper(Cu), tin(Sn) and lead(Pb) served as major elements. Major and minor elemental analyses by EPMA were performed on two mirrors and 2 weapons of the bronzes investigated. The results shows that bronze mirrors from Chungju and Buyeo were high-tin bronzes(> 30 wt%). And 20% of tin and 5% of lead were founded in bronze weapons. Iron, zinc, arsenic, silver, nickel, sulfur and cobalt detected in four bronzes as minor and trace elements. The four bronzes were alloyed considering their function and were not heat treated after casting due to their high tin content. Lead isotope analysis using TIMS indicates that thirty-three bronzes were distributed southern Korea peninsula except Zone 1. As a result, lead raw materials came from various regions in Korean Peninsula not from Gyeongsang-do regions. The manufacturing techniques of bronze ware generalized at this age, and bronze was produced in various sites using raw materials from various sources.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.132-149
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• 2011

In ancient period, a variety of inorganic or organic pigments had been used as colorants in various kinds of religious and secular paintings such as tomb paintings and wall and scroll paintings in buddhist temples, and danchung(cosmic patterns) for the surface of wooden buildings. This study discusses the results obtained from an analysis of the pigments on the wall paintings of Yeongsanjeon(Hall of Vulture Peak) in Tongdo temple by a qualitative analysis using a field-XRF. The results can be briefly summarized as follows. Firstly, assuming from the major components examined from F-XRF analysis, raw materials of pigment of each color are: red to be Cinnabar(HgS) or Hematite($Fe_2O_3$); white to be White Lead[$2PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$] in most cases and Calcite($CaCO_3$) or Chalk($CaCO_3$), Kaolin($Al2O_3{\cdot}SiO_2{\cdot}4H_2O$) in some cases; yellow to be Yellow Ocher[$FeO(OH){\cdot}nH_2O$]; black to be carbon(C); green on the painted surface to be Celadonite[$K(Mg,Fe^{2+})(Fe^{3+},Al)(Si_4O_{10})(OH)_2$] in most cases; dark green on the halo of figures to be Malachite[$CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$], Copper Green[$2CuO{\cdot}CO_2{\cdot}H_2O$] or Atacamite[$Cu_2Cl(OH)_3$]. Secondly, incarnadine and pink were made by mixing with more than two pigments such as red and white for making various tone of colors. The qualitative analysis of pigments on the wall paintings of Yeongsanjeon, in conclusion, displays that the all pigments for ancient periods are inorganis pigments. However, it has the limitation to identify a definite kinds of mineral for each pigment because it was not possible to collect samples from cultural heritage for conducting a crystalline analysis of XRD.