• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

The present paper explores rationales for the process-oriented approach to teaching writing and their implications for EFL writing classes. The product-oriented traditional approach to writing has put too much emphasis on linguistic aspects of writing. It fails to see the enormous complexity of the act of composing. In the process-oriented paradigm, writing is regarded as a messy process leading to clarity and the writer discovers meaning instead of merely' finding an appropriate structure in which to package ideas already developed from the beginning. Based on the underlying assumptions, some suggestions are made for EFL writing classes. Firstly, practitioners should be aware that writing is a recursive activity in which the writer moves backward and forwards between drafting and revising, with stages of re-planning in between. Secondly, writing teachers should help the student writers build an awareness of themselves as a writer and encourage their sense of confidence in writing. Lastly, students should be encouraged to pay their attention to content revision at first, and delay editing changes until the last draft.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.185-210
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• 2006

This study has two purposes. First, it aims to suggest an appropriate approach to English writing education for Korean high school students in a cooperative learning situation. It also aims to suggest what type of learner grouping, either homogeneous or heterogeneous, is appropriate by comparing the learners' writing abilities and the changes of their affective factors after being exposed to cooperative EFL writing instruction. Two homogeneous classes were selected and instructed to write in English for 11 weeks. One was composed of homogeneous small groups based on the students' writing scores, and the other was composed of heterogeneous small groups, again based on the students' writing scores. The results showed that the improvement between the two class types was quite different across different proficiency levels. For example, although there is little difference between the homogeneous and the heterogeneous classes of low and intermediate-level learners in writing ability improvement, high-level students showed a significant difference between the classes. In addition, it was found that class participation correlated significantly to writing ability improvement. Cooperative learning was proved to be an effective writing instructional approach to encourage learners' interest and increase their self-confidence; however, the results did not show any significant differences in learners' affective domain between the homogeneous and the heterogeneous classes. Similarly, the learners' grouping preference was not affected by the grouping method.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.427-440
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop a science writing teaching strategy, and to apply it to the fourth-graders in elementary science classes. We examined its effect on their motivation, attitude, and understanding of science concept. For the research fourth grade children were grouped into three classes: an experimental class A of 27 children, an experimental class B of 24 and a comparative class of 27. All of them are from H elementary school in Seoul, Korea. Experimental class A learned science writing with a newly developed strategy while experimental class B learned science writing in a traditional method. Comparative class did not learn science writing. As a result, class A showed positive changes on students' science motivation, attitude, and understanding of science concept. In addition, class B with even one science writing task for a chapter had higher achievement in the understanding of science concept than the comparative class had.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.250-262
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• 2024

Air-writing recognition is relevant in areas such as natural human-computer interaction, augmented reality, and virtual reality. A trajectory is the most natural way to represent air writing. We analyze the recognition accuracy of words written in air considering five features, namely, writing direction, curvature, trajectory, orthocenter, and ellipsoid, as well as different parameters of a hidden Markov model classifier. Experiments were performed on two representative datasets, whose sample trajectories were collected using a Leap Motion Controller from a fingertip performing air writing. Dataset D₁ contains 840 English words from 21 classes, and dataset D₂ contains 1600 English words from 40 classes. A genetic algorithm was combined with a hidden Markov model classifier to obtain the best subset of features. Combination ftrajectory, orthocenter, writing direction, curvatureg provided the best feature set, achieving recognition accuracies on datasets D₁ and D₂ of 98.81% and 83.58%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.346-355
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• 2017

The 2015 revised national science curriculum encourages students to cultivate the science core competencies such as scientific thinking, science process skills, scientific problem-solving ability, scientific communication skill, scientific participation and lifelong learning ability. To fill this purpose, we practiced science writing classes based on core competencies and examined the effect of its application. The target unit was 'weather and our life', 'acid and base', 'speed of an object', and 'structure and function of our body' in the fifth grade of elementary school. The results were as follows. First, it was proven that science writing activities based on core competencies did not help improving science process skills of learners. Second, it had a significant effect on the improvement of the learner's self-directed learning ability, in particular, owner spirit, meta cognition and information search. Third, this strategy for science writing changed learners' scientific attitude positively. The above-mentioned results show that this science writing classes can be applicable as one of effective methods in cultivating science core competencies.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.115-125
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• 2021

The study presented an online class case focusing on G University's writing course, and analyzed students' satisfaction. Through this, it aimed to analyze the possibility of online education and to explore efficient operation of online writing lectures. According to the result of looking into the online writing class run by G University, students' satisfaction with the online writing class was high. Despite the limited circumstances, students' participation in the class was high and they also actively participated in online correction. However, there was also a challenge to address. Online writing education showed limitations in terms of smooth communication with students. Correction of writing can be done online sufficiently but the limitations of communication should be supplemented to improve the completeness of interactive education. In addition, most of the students participated in online correction, but some did not participate. It is necessary to encourage students to participate voluntarily to make online classes take roots. After all, for the effective operation of online writing classes, strategies and systems for teaching and learning should be prepared for utilization of various educational video media, sufficient learning of theory and practice of writing, and smooth communication between professors and students. Only when these conditions are met, online writing classes will be able to operate steadily.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.88-100
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• 2020

This is an exploratory study based on the literature reviews which examined the possibilities and necessities of multimodal writing curriculum for liberal education. The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing research results which utilized the teaching methods associating music and writing, and to find the educational implications, and finally in terms of writing education, to suggest the possibilities of writing classes' convergent forms with music extracted from the results of the existing studies. Those studies were categorized to four patterns: WAC, effects of therapy, materials for writing, and new literacy. Based on Meyrowitz's perspective, firstly music can be utilized as a circumstance, which means a teacher can indirectly take the emotional, reminding, and healing effects of background musics. Secondly, music can play an important role of materials in thinking and writing, which is the most generally utilized pattern today. The effects are found in all of affective, cognitive, and strategic domains by utilizing music as a sort of reading materials. Thirdly, the convergent writing of music and narrative is suggested. Music is an independent language that can interact with narrative and construct text meanings in this kind of writing classes. These three dimensions of convergence have different perspectives, but sometimes occur at a same time or as a connected pattern. This study proposes that writing teachers need to improve their competence in music as well and to have professional concerns and efforts to develop their convergent writing teaching skills with music for these classes. Finally, this study stresses that team teaching can be an alternative for them.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.73-98
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• 2011

This study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating oral corrective feedback into the content-based business English writing class. Two types of oral corrective feedback, recasts and metalinguistic feedback, were integrated into business English writing classes to help low intermediate-proficiency Korean university students improve the ability to use the simple past, present progressive, and present perfect tenses correctly in their written production. Prior to the treatments, the subjects had basic grammatical knowledge of the target verb tenses, but they had only limited control over them in their written production. Three groups were formed: recast group that received corrective recasting, metalinguistic group that received metalinguistic clues, and control group that received no oral corrective feedback. The study demonstrated that it was feasible to incorporate recasts and metalinguistic feedback into content-based business English writing classes and that metalinguistic feedback had greater and more endurable effects than recasts on promoting the correct use of the target verb tenses in written production. It can be concluded that oral corrective feedback, metalinguistic feedback in particular, can be used in the business English writing classroom to help students gain greater control over already partially acquired forms and therefore improve their writing accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.600-612
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• 2022

This study analyzed the learning effect, through a satisfaction survey and NVivo qualitative analysis, of fashion design classes using humanities self-reflection writing. The results are as follows. First, with regard to learning satisfaction, learners perceived the class as efficient and showed overall satisfaction. Second, learners' opinions were classified into self-reflection writing, design process, new experience of expression, and the understanding of class activities. Third, in self-reflection writing, learners discovered their tendencies and values while exploring their identity through deep thinking. Fourth, in the design process, learners set the design concept consistently through writing. Fifth, in the new experience of expression, learners recognized the idea produced through writing as the result of thought and considered it a new expression method for design. Sixth, in the understanding of class activities, learners were interested in the process and considered it an activity through which to build their own style in design expression. Design class activities using self-reflection writing drew a positive response and presented the possibility of educational use. The teaching method of this study is expected to be used as a humanistic method for expressions in various design fields.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2024

With the development of AI, multimedia tools in education offer personalized learning environments, which foster individual competencies. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of smart education as perceived by learners through a case study of university writing classes utilizing multimedia learning tools, and to explore potential applications. To achieve this, a writing course incorporating various multimedia tools to promote interaction was designed and implemented over the course of one semester, targeting 42 university students. Through the semester, student reactions and survey results were analyzed to investigate the effects and satisfaction levels regarding the use of multimedia learning tools in writing instruction as perceived by students. The analysis revealed that multimedia-assisted writing classes effectively fostered learners' autonomy by focusing on individual needs, while also promoting interaction and encouraging spontaneous participation. Students reported recognizing the presence of diverse perspectives by comparing and communicating about each other's writing, leading to an expansion of their own thinking. In using ChatGPT, it was found that students attempted to refine their questions until they obtained the desired answers. They reported that this process deepened their understanding of the essence of the questions. These benefits led to results of high levels of students' active class engagement and satisfaction. This study contributes foundational and empirical data regarding the effectiveness and potential applications of learner-centered smart education as part of fourth industrial revolution integration research.