• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1983

Electromyographic analysis was made in the forearm to clarify the prime mover of the wrist joint in flexion and extension. Loads of 5 and 10 pounds were given to the hand during isometric and isotonic contraction. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1) M. flexor carpi ulnaris and m. extensor carpi radialis acted as the prime mover during flexion and extension, respectively, of the wrist joint. 2) The flexor and the extensor of the forearm showed synergistic activities under isotonic contraction, but under isometric contraction the flexor only acted. 3) Muscular activity during the isotonic contraction slightly increased compared with the isometric contraction. 4) EMGs and integrated EMGs were somewhat enhanced as the load increased, but there was no significant difference between 5 and 10 pounds load.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.919-926
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• 2010

This paper proposes a wearable hand rehabilitation device, DULEX, for persons with functional paralysis of upper-limbs after stoke. DULEX has three degrees of freedom for rehabilitation exercises for wrist and fingers except the thumb. The main function of DULEX is to extend the range of motions of finger and wrist being contracture. DULEX is designed by using a parallel mechanism, and its parameters such as length and location of links are determined by kinematic analysis. The motion trajectory of the designed DULEX is aligned to human hand to prevent a slip. To reduce total weight of DULEX, artificial air muscles are used for actuating each joint motion. In feedback control, each joint angle is indirectly estimated from the relations of the input air pressure and the output muscle length. Experimental results show that DULEX is feasible in hand rehabilitation for stroke survivals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.876-881
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• 2003

This study focused on to design and toanalysis of a myoelectronic hand. We considered a low frequency factor in human life and to quantify low frequency which a human body responded to using a 1-axis ant a 3-axis accelerometer. The dynamic myoelectronic hand are important for tasks such a continuous prosthetic control and a EMG signal recognition, which have not been successfully mastered by the most neural approached To control myoelectronic hand, classifying myoelectronic patterns are also important. Experimental results of FEM are 110㎫ on Thumb, 200㎫ on Index finger, 220㎫ on Middle finger 260㎫ on Ring finger and 270㎫ on Little finger. Experimental results of accelerometer are 1.4-0.4(m/s2) ,(5-20(〔Hz〕) in Feeding activity and 0.4-0(m/s2) (0-10〔Hz〕) in Lifting activity. Considering these facts, we suggest a new type myoelectronic hand.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.921-927
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• 2013

This paper presents a user interface for vision based indirect teaching of a robotic manipulator with Kinect and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors. The user interface system is designed to control the manipulator more easily in joint space, Cartesian space and tool frame. We use the skeleton data of the user from Kinect and Wrist-mounted IMU sensors to calculate the user's joint angles and wrist movement for robot control. The interface system proposed in this paper allows the user to teach the manipulator without a pre-programming process. This will improve the teaching time of the robot and eventually enable increased productivity. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the performance of the robot control and interface system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.43-48
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• 1999

To clarify the motion characteristics of free-style Okinawan dance“Kachaasi”, first the subjective impression was quantitatively evaluated with semantic differential technique to cluster its types. Then, the contingency of joint rotation in shoulder, elbow and wrist joints was examined with multivariate autoregressive model. The time-series data of positions and angels of three joints were calculated according to the deforming conditions and shielding directions of the ring lights. As the results, in an excellent dancer, the motions of shoulder and elbow were highly synchronized and smoothly controlled. The low-frequency output of the shoulder and elbow were mutually interacted. Meanwhile, the wrist behaved independently of other joints' rotation.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze setter toss motion kinematically according to toss types. Method : Dependent variables were elapsed time, vertical displacement of the body center, the projected speed of the ball, and differences of the joint angle to the target for four setters positioning. Result : There was no significant difference in the time but the ball contact time was shorter when the toss distance of P3 was longer. There was significant difference in the vertical displacement of COM (p<.05). The vertical displacement of COM showed that the vertical movement gradually decreased when the quick distance was longer. The vertical displacement of COM was difference (p<.05), also there was difference of the ball speed (p<.001) at the Release point(E4). There was significant difference in the knee joint angle at a certain moment among the Release(E4) and Landing point(E5)(p<.05). The hip joint was significant difference among the Apex(E2), Ball Touch(E3), Release(E4), and the Landing point(E5) on the surface(E2, E3, E4 p<.05; E5 p<.005). The shoulder angle was significant difference among the Ball Touch(E3), Release(E4) and the Landing point(E5) on the surface(E3, E4 p<.05; E5 p<.001). The elbow was significant difference in the Apex(E2) (p<.05). The wrist was significant difference in the Release(E4) (p<.05). Conclusion : If we find the clue to expect the direction of the setter's ball, we have to fine the clues in the Apex(E2) that hip join and elbow, Ball Touch(E3) that hip joint and shoulder joint, Release(E4) that wrist, elbow, hip joint, and knee joint.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical results after Steindler flexoplasty. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 6 cases who had nearly normal finger and wrist joint flexion function, but could not flex elbow joint actively because of upper arm type brachial plexus injury. We performed operation during the period from February 1997 to July 2003. There were 5 males and 1 female with mean age of 28 years (range: $19{\sim}51$ years) when Steindler flexoplasty was done. The average follow-up period was 3 years 11 months (range: 12 months${\sim}$7 years 4 months). We assessed active range of motion of elbow joint, muscle power and elbow function by Mayer & Green grade scale at last follow-up. We assessed how much they were favorable for Steindler flexoplasty and had improvement of upper extremity function and correction of deformity. Results: Postoperative, flexion range of elbow joint improved to average $111.7^{\circ}$ (range: $90{\sim}130^{\circ}$). $25.8^{\circ}$ (range: $15{\sim}45^{\circ}$) in flexion contracture and $16.6^{\circ}$ (range: $10{\sim}35^{\circ}$) in pronation contracture were remained. Range of motion of elbow joint improved to average $85.3^{\circ}$ (range: $45{\sim}105^{\circ}$). Flexion power of elbow joint improved to Grade 5 in all cases. Postoperatively on Mayer & Green grade scale, there were excellent in 3 cases(50%), good in 2 cases(33.3%), fair in 1 case(16.7%). On patient's own assessment of functional improvement, there were excellent in 4 cases(66.6%), good in 1 case(16.7%) and fair in 1 case(l6.7%). Conclusion: Steindler flexoplasty can reserve good clinical results with being improved to active flexion of elbow joint in cases who have functional hand and wrist, but paralysis upper arm muscle in brachial plexus injury.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Kaltenborn-Evjenth (KE) joint mobilization of the distal radioulnar joints (RUJ) and proximal RUJ in distal radius fractures (DRFs) on range of motion (ROM), grip strength (GS), and patient-written wrist evaluation (PRWE) in each group once, thrice, or fivefold. Methods : Forty-two subjects participated in this study. We divided the subjects with DRFs into groups applying KE concepts RUJ mobilization once, thrice, and fivefold. The patients' ROM and GS were measured using a joint goniometer and dynamometer, respectively. Pain and function were also assessed using a PRWE. In the statistical analysis, all data were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and paired t-tests were performed for within-group before-and-after comparisons of each intervention. One-way analysis of variance was used for between-group comparisons of differences. All statistical significance levels were set at α=.05. Results : There were significant differences in the ROM in all three groups before and after the intervention (p<.05), but there were no significant differences between the groups. There were significant differences in the GS in the three groups before and after the intervention (p<.05), but there were no significant differences between the groups. In the pain part of the PRWE, all three groups had significant differences before and after intervention (p<.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups. In the functional part of the PRWE, there were significant differences in the three groups before and after intervention (p<.05), but no significant difference occurred between the groups. Conclusion : Based on the aforementioned results, there were no significant between-group differences in ROM, GS, and PRWE (pain and function) after the application of the K-E joint mobilization to DRFs once, thrice, and fivefold. Nevertheless, there were significant within-group differences in all the above.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2014

We can test for small structures located at the surface layer as high resolution ultrasonic techniques and small probes were developed. Accordingly ultrasound became a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of wrist diseases. It is important to understand the anatomical structures and apply clinical features as well as these technical aspects when using ultrasound. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the usefulness and approach of ultrasound about typical diseases according to the area of the wrist pain.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2014

Ganglionic cyst is the most common benign tumor in the wrist and hand, and easily diagnosed with ultrasonography. Ganglionic cyst in sonography usually appears as hypoechoic or anechoic with well-demarcated cystic mass. We report a case of the hyperechoic mass at the volar aspect of the wrist, which confirmed as ganglionic cyst by operative and histological findings.