• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.768-772
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• 2006

To assess the dietary exposure to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) from soy sauces, the levels of 3-MCPD in commercial soy sauces were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Sixty nine out of the 72 soy sauces tested contained a level of 3-MCPD below $0.3\;{\mu}g/g$, the maximum limit in Korea. The average concentration of the 72 samples was $0.080\;{\mu}g/g$ and the highest concentration was $3.131\;{\mu}g/g$. On the basis of the consumption data, 3-MCPD concentration and body weight, the estimated daily exposures to 3-MCPD were ranged from 0.037 to $0.146\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (bw)/day for 95th percentile exposed population groups. Our estimated daily exposures are significantly lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of $2\;{\mu}g/kg$ bw/day, which was established by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2007

An International Nonproprietary Name (INN) identifies a pharmaceutical substance or active pharmaceutical ingredient by a unique name that is globally recognized and is of public property. Also known as the generic or common names, the official INNs are provided by national and international nomenclature bodies such as United States Adopted Names (USAN), British Approved Names (BAN), Japanese Accepted Names (JAN) and World Health Organization (WHO). Due to the increasing interest on the development of biotechnological products in Korea, needs for the formulated nomenclature body in Korea are arising for systemic management of newly developed biotechnological products. This study investigated and analyzed nomenclature systems and procedures for the selection of recommended INN for biotechnological products in WHO, USAN and JAN. Based on these documents from advanced countries, we suggested a Korean INN nomenclature organization named KAN (Korean Adopted Names or Korean Agreed Names). Composition and roles of KAN and KAN expert committee and a working process for INN selection/approval were also proposed. Taken together, this study provides a detailed information on INN system recognized worldwide and suggests guidelines for establishment of INN nomenclature system for biotechnological products in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2014.01a
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• pp.429-432
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• 2014

국내 제약산업의 경쟁력을 제고시키기 위해서는 신약의 심사/허가 기간을 단축시켜 급변하게 변하는 글로벌 제약시장에서 경쟁 우위적 위치를 선점할 수 있도록 기회를 제공할 수 있도록 체계 개선이 시급하다. 신약허가를 위해서는 임상시험 결과에 대한 안전성과 유효성 등에 대한 심사가 수행되게 된다. 하지만 현재 신약허가를 위해서 제약사와 임상시험수탁기관(Contract Research Organization, CRO)에서 데이터 정보체계인 Domain, Variable 및 Parameter 등의 표준을 따르지 않고 다양한 유형의 임상정보데이터를 심사기관에 제출하고 있어 이로 인한 심사기간 증가와 심사업무 비효율성을 야기시키고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국제민간기구인 CDISC (Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium)에서 제정한 글로벌 임상데이터 표준인 CDISC 표준을 준용한 국내 임상시험정보관리 체계 (eCTD 시스템)및 의약품 전주기적 관리체계를 제시하고자 하며, 본 연구를 통한 기대효과로는 국제표준의 임상정보관리 인프라 구축으로 인한 국내 신약개발 및 해외 진출 환경을 마련하여 글로벌 시장선점의 기회를 제공할 수 있고, 규제기관 차원에서는 의약품 허가, 심사업무의 효율성 증가는 물론 전주기적 의약품 안전관리체계를 마련할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.29-41
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• 2021

The spread of COVID-19 has been changed the tourism industry. Travelers changed their traveling style and started to consider congestion of the spot for their health and safety. In Jeju, a famous tourist destination in South Korea, managing the congestion of tourists has become an important issue. This example introduces the Jeju Tourism Organization's development of a system as a smart tourism information service that manages congestion in real-time big data. Combining with congestion theory and behavior immune system, we would like to assure the necessity of the system. Also, by analyzing the system, we understand how deducing congestion information from big data and the new paradigm of the tourism industry combined with congestion theory. Data was collected by Korea's telecommunication company SKT to develop the system. The paper explains the reason for choosing the company and the pros of data quality. We expect this system to be a solution for any other city in the world under a similar situation. Finally, several suggestions for the system are included to promote and better future usage.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.210-215
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• 2014

Background: The ongoing economic crisis in Greece has affected both stress and quality of life (QoL) at all socioeconomic levels, including professionals in the police force. The aim of this study was to examine perceived stress, job satisfaction, QoL, and their relationships in a sample of police officers in Greece. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the first trimester of 2011 in 23 police stations in the greater Athens area. A total of 201 police officers agreed to participate (response rate 44.6%). The General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was used to assess general health, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14) questionnaires were used to assess QoL and perceived stress, respectively. Results: The PSS and GHQ subscales and total scores exhibited strong, positive, and significant correlations coefficients (r): 0.52 for somatic disturbances, 0.56 for stress and insomnia, 0.40 for social dysfunction, and 0.37 for depression, yielding an r equal to 0.57 for the total GHQ score. A higher level of perceived stress was related to a lower likelihood of being satisfied with their job; in this regard, male participants and higher ranked officers reported lower job satisfaction. The PSS and GHQ scores were inversely, consistently, and significantly related to almost all of the QoL aspects, explaining up to 34% of their variability. Parenthood had a positive effect on QoL related to physical health, and women reported lower QoL related to psychological health. Conclusion: Higher levels of stress are related to an increased risk of reporting suboptimal job satisfaction and QoL. The magnitude of these associations varied depending on age, gender, and rank, highlighting the need for stress-management training.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2023

Background: Breaking the chain of disease transmission from overseas is necessary to control new infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 effectively. In this study, we developed a mobile app called Self-Symptom Checker (SSC) to monitor the health of inbound travelers. Methods: SSC was developed for general users and administrators. The functions of SSC include non-repudiation using QR (quick response) codes, monitoring fever and respiratory symptoms, and requiring persons showing symptoms to undergo polymerase chain reaction tests at nearby screening stations following a review of reported symptoms by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, as well as making phone calls, via artificial intelligence or public health personnel, to individuals who have not entered symptoms to provide the necessary information. Results: From February 12 to March 27, 2020, 165,000 people who were subjected to the special entry procedure installed SSC. The expected number of public health officers and related resources needed per day would be 800 if only the phone was used to perform symptom monitoring during the above period. Conclusion: By applying SSC, more effective symptom monitoring was possible. The daily average number of health officers decreased to 100, or 13% of the initial estimate. SSC reduces the work burden on public healthcare personnel. SSC is an electronic solution conceived in response to health questionnaires completed by inbound travelers specified in the World Health Organization International Health Regulations as a requirement in the event of a pandemic.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1600-1605
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• 2000

Objective : World Health Organization and International Labour Organization, in June 8, 1999, requested that working conditions should be reformed ethically right and economically solid for 2.7 billion world labour force. The purpose of this study is to request compensable surgical therapeutic options and to suggest the renewal in cognizance criteria for worker's compensation, especially in spondylolisthesis. Methods : Regarding spondylolisthesis, we obtained data from Korea Labor Welfare Corporation(KLWC). Spinal disease occurrence incidences and medical fees of National Federation of Medical Insurance(NFMI) were analysed. The compensated 122 spinal instrumented cases included 117 male and 5 female patients, aged from 23 to 72 years old(mean : $45{\pm}9.85$). We compared Korean and Foreign Workers Compensation Law. Results : Numbers of herniated nucleus pulpus(78 cases), spinal fractures(34 cases) and dislocations(4 cases) were claimed after spinal interbody fusion operation and were compensated. These compensated degenerative diseases, work related illness, occurred in the course of work. A case of 52-year old spondylolisthesis patient with Disability Grade 8 was compensated by KLWC, according to its occurrence at work by accident. With exception of trauma at work by accident, current cognizance criteria were too narrow to be compensable, especially in surgical therapeutic option, for worker's spondylolisthesis. Conclusion : Considering both worker's compensation law and clinical pathologic progress, we believe that spondylolisthesis should be regarded as a compensable occupation related disease if and when aggravates rapidly in the course of work. We suggest a new cognizance standard to KLWC for labour welfare and proper worker's compensation.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 2015

Background: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major preventable occupational health problem with 250 million people worldwide known to have disabling impairment of moderate to greater severity. The aims of the study are to estimate the prevalence of NIHL in the police force; and study its association with age, sex, duration of service (years), smoking and alcohol habits, use of hearing protective devices, as well as preexisting chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 543 police personnel who had undergone periodic medical examination over a 12-month period. The diagnostic criteria for NIHL were (1) history of occupational noise exposure, (2) bilateral hearing loss, (3) hearing loss of ${\geq}25dBA$ at 4,000 Hz in two consecutive audiograms, and (4) no significant medical history affecting hearing. Severity of NIHL was based on the World Health Organization grading. Results: Males (74.8%) made up the majority of the police force. The mean age for police personnel was $35.55{\pm}9.57years$, and the mean duration of service was $14.75{\pm}9.39years$. Compliance with the usage of hearing protective devices was seen in 64.4%. The prevalence of NIHL in this study population was 34.2%, with a higher prevalence in males (37.7%) than in females (23.9%). The study also showed strong associations between NIHL and male sex (odds ratio, 1.9; P < 0.05), and hypertension (odds ratio, 3.3; P < 0.001). Overall, 93% were found to have mild NIHL, 3.5% had moderate NIHL, and 3.5% had severe NIHL. No police personnel were found to have profound hearing loss. Conclusion: The prevalence of NIHL in this study is high compared to other similar studies among police personnel. This study shows that increasing age, male, presence of hypertension, diabetes, and longer duration of service are significant associated factors for NIHL. Preventative strategies include health surveillance, implementation of a hearing conservation program, and legislation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2019

One of the primary goals of epidemiology is to quantify various aspects of a population's health, illness, and death status and the determinants (or risk factors) thereof by calculating health indicators that measure the magnitudes of various conditions. There has been some confusion regarding health indicators, with discrepancies in usage among organizations such as the World Health Organization the, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the CDC of other countries, and the usage of the relevant terminology may vary across papers. Therefore, in this review, we would like to propose appropriate terminological definitions for health indicators based on the most commonly used meanings and/or the terms used by official agencies, in order to bring clarity to this area of confusion. We have used appropriate examples to make each health indicator easy for the reader to understand. We have included practical exercises for some health indicators to help readers understand the underlying concepts.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.20 no.2 s.56
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• pp.47-55
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• 2005

The World Health Organization(WHO, 1998) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1992) recommended $2{\mu}\;guranium/{\ell}$ in drinking water as a guideline. The Korea Institute for Environmental Research recently reported that the radioactive pollution in ground water was almost negligible In Korea$(1999\~2002)$. Cs were cast into beads(2mm in wet form) and treated with hexamethylene diisocyanate for stability in acidic aqueous solution through cross-linking of the beads surfaces. The removal study was carried out in a static batch system and a flow system. In the static system, a certain amount of sample water was confined in a vessel and beads(dry weight 0.5g) were packed into it in order to adsorb uranium for a certain period of time. Afterwards the remaining uranium in water vessel was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The effective pH range was 4 to 8. The smaller the size of beads, the better the removal efficiency. Furthemore, the lower the flow rates, the higher the removal efficiency. The results showed that chitosan beads can be effectively used for the removal of uranium contained in water.