• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aims to investigate on the nomenclature of acupoints for the Healthcare Terminology Standard. Methods: We investigated the name of acupoints in "Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature (Second Edition)" of WHO, "WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in The Western Pacific Region", "Principles of Meridians & Acupoints", "Details of Meridians & Acupoints" and "Acupuncture Medicine". Results: In books, we found that the name of acupoints was used differently in LI19, TE22, HT3, SI8, ST16, SI16, GB16 and BL8 acupoints. Conclusions: 口禾髎(LI19), 耳和髎(TE22), 少海(HT3), 小海(SI8), 膺窗(ST16), 天窗(SI16), 目窗(GB16), 絡卻(BL8) and 淵腋(GB22) in confused acupoints have been established as the terms of acupoints for the Healthcare Terminology Standard.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Nursing research in the United States (US) spans several decades. Many of the priorities/trends have stayed through the years. Today, the goal of producing evidence to support nursing care interventions coupled with the drive for Magnet Recognition has encouraged academic nurses (faculty) to work with nurse clinicians to form research teams. Interdisciplinary research teams have also formed to address growing concerns over patient safety and quality care. These issues are not just US issues but global ones. This article addresses US trends with the link to global research trends. The role that organizations such as the International Council of Nurses (ICN), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Council of International Neonatal Nurses, Inc. (COINN) pay in shaping research agendas and promoting nursing research is highlighted. It emphasizes the key role that nurses, especially nurse leaders/administrators play in changing health outcomes through support of nursing research.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.542-544
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• 2019

Changes in a person's health affect one's lifestyle and work activities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), abnormal activity is growing faster in people aged 60 or more than any other age group in almost every country. This trend steadily continues and expected to increase further in the near future. Abnormal activity put these people at high risk of expected incidents since most of these people live alone. Human abnormal activity analysis is a challenging, useful and interesting problem among the researchers and its particularly crucial task in life and health care areas. In this paper, we discuss the problem of abnormal activities of old people lives alone at home. We propose Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based model to detect the abnormal behaviors of elderlies by utilizing six simulated action data from daily life actions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2018

We evaluated the possible clinical application of Non HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio as a metabolic syndrome predictor for the elderly in Korea. 1,543 elderly persons aged 65 years or older who visited the health examination center of Gyeonggi Regional General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 and had a health checkup were enrolled in this study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) standards. Abdominal obesity was assessed by the Asia-Pacific standards presented at the World Health Organization (WHO) West Pacific Region. Non-HDL-cholesterol was calculated as the difference between total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. The metabolic syndrome predictive power was higher for triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio than for Non HDL-cholesterol. After correcting for related factors, triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio was higher in the $4^{th}$ quartile, which had a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome, than in the $1^{st}$ quartile. The optimal cutoff value for the triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio that predicts the onset of metabolic syndrome was 2.8. triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio can be a simple and practical indicator of the risk of metabolic syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2007

Objectives : It is necessary to monitor consumption of drugs in order to enhance promote appropriate use of drugs. Defined Daily Dose(DDD) of World Health Organization(WHO) has been used for evaluating the amount of medicine use. However, DDD of some drugs must be determined for drugs in Korea which are not listed by WHO. Our formulary follows ourself classification and DDD of some drugs must be determined since they exist only in Korea. This study was aimed to determine DDD value using RAND Appropriateness Methods and evaluate the amount of antibiotics use using DDD value. Methods : J01 antibiotics of WHO anatomical therapeutic chemical(ATC) classification were extracted from drug formulary. Antibiotics list without DDD was identified to determine their DDD with comprehensive review of references and recommendation of experts. defined. Review of reference was executed. of Expert panels were comprised of clinical pharmacist and clinical doctors. Modified Delphi Method was applied by survey and consensus meeting. Amount of antibiotic use was calculated by DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in the national level using health insurance claim data. Results : The result of 1 round, DDD values of 28 ingredients were determined from the first round of consensus meeting. With 2nd round meeting, 3 ingredients were deleted and DDD of 17 ingredients were decided. Analysis of antibiotic use in health insurance claim data showed 22.97 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2003 year. Conclusion : This study can contribute to the establishment of DDD assignment and thus quantifying drug uses.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2023

Background: Equating is a statistical procedure used to create a common measurement scale across two instruments. Item-level information should be taken into consideration so that scores can communicate interchangeably across the instruments. Objects: To investigate a common measurement scale across two health-related quality of life questionnaires (HRQOL) applied to various cancer survivors who underwent palliative care in healthcare institutions. Methods: A total of 139 cancer survivors who underwent palliative care were recruited from two rehabilitation hospitals and an oriental medicine hospital. Participants consisted of various cancer survivors who presented to the sites for palliative care. They were asked to fill out Korean versions of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and EuroQOL-5 dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaires following the palliative care. For the item level comparison, the Rasch rating scale model was used to investigate how participants regarded individual test items of two instruments in relation to item difficulty calibrations. Results: All items except the three items fit the Rasch model. One item (anxiety/depression) of the EQ-5D and two items (dependence on medical aids and negative feelings) of the WHOQOL-BREF are misfit. The WHOQOL-BREF targets the survivors well, while the EQ-5D is able to target the survivors with lower HRQOL levels with some ceiling effects. By inspecting the item difficulty calibrations of the two instruments, five items of the WHOQOL-BREF are selected as common items in relation to the EQ-5D. These five items are considered compatible with each other. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis reveals that the healthcare item of the WHOQOL-BREF vs the self-care item of the EQ-5D exhibits significant DIF. Conclusion: Findings suggest that one paired item should be taken into consideration when equating the WHOQOL-BREF and the EQ-5D applied to cancer survivors who underwent palliative care.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2018

Objectives : To compare the degree of achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) among 39 developing countries in Africa and to investigate the correlation between health care financing and the UHC index. Methods : For data, 14 UHC indexes were used in 2015 supplied by the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, this study used a 10% of threshold point corresponding to the catastrophic health expenditures and a 25% of threshold points as a health care financing index. Results : It was found that there were significant difference among Least Low Developed Countries (LLDCs), Other Low Income Countries (Other LICs), Lower Middle Income Countiies (LMICs), Upper Middle Income Countires (UMICs) to compare the average value by nation on the UHC index. This study showed that the UHC index of LLDCs was lowest, but the average value was higher as it moved towards LMICs and UMICs. In addition, it was found that there was an average value difference among the groups like LLDCs, Other LICs, LMICs and UMICs. As a result of comparison, it was found that the spending of household health expenditure increased as LLDCs moved towards UMICs when the burden of household health expenditure was 25%. Conclusions : This study aimed to compare the UHC indexes of African nations and to investigate the correlation between the degree of spending of total expenditure on health and burden of household health expenditure and UHC, and its effect.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced a global pandemic on March 12, 2020, the aviation industry in the world has been experiencing difficulties for a long time. Meanwhile, the Ukraine war broke out in February, and from March 15, domestic airlines must operate air routes bypassing Russian airspace despite the longer flight time. Therefore, as the flight time increases, the cosmic radiation exposure dose of the crew members is also expected to increase. Here we compare the radiation exposure dose between the route doses for the eastern United States and Europe before and after the detour route usage. Through the comparison analysis, we tried to understand how cosmic radiation changes depending on the flight time and the latitude and which one contributes more. We expect that this study can be used for the policy update for the safety management of cosmic radiation for aircrews in Korea.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2007

An International Nonproprietary Name (INN) identifies a pharmaceutical substance or active pharmaceutical ingredient by a unique name that is globally recognized and is of public property. Also known as the generic or common names, the official INNs are provided by national and international nomenclature bodies such as United States Adopted Names (USAN), British Approved Names (BAN), Japanese Accepted Names (JAN) and World Health Organization (WHO). Due to the increasing interest on the development of biotechnological products in Korea, needs for the formulated nomenclature body in Korea are arising for systemic management of newly developed biotechnological products. This study investigated and analyzed nomenclature systems and procedures for the selection of recommended INN for biotechnological products in WHO, USAN and JAN. Based on these documents from advanced countries, we suggested a Korean INN nomenclature organization named KAN (Korean Adopted Names or Korean Agreed Names). Composition and roles of KAN and KAN expert committee and a working process for INN selection/approval were also proposed. Taken together, this study provides a detailed information on INN system recognized worldwide and suggests guidelines for establishment of INN nomenclature system for biotechnological products in Korea.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.522-529
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• 2021

Background: Burnout syndrome (BOS) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. This study aims to create the Korean version burnout syndrome scale (KBOSS) that conforms to WHO's definition of BOS and present the cut-off points for screening. Methods: We developed the KBOSS based on WHO's definition of BOS. An online survey was conducted through a specialized online research company. We recruited 444 workers for this research. The validity of the KBOSS was assessed using factor analysis and Pearson's correlation. The KBOSS reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The cut-off points for each of the three dimensions were derived using the upper quartile score. Results: The validity and reliability of the KBOSS were good. Regarding reliability, the scale's overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.813. Cronbach's alpha of each three-dimension was as follows: exhaustion, 0.916; cynicism, 0.865; and professional inefficacy, 0.819. The cut-off points of BOS three dimensions are exhaustion S 21; cynicism S 18; and inefficacy S 15. Conclusion: The developed questionnaire (KBOSS) can be a useful tool for screening of BOS.