• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.614-622
• /
• 2003

In this paper, the stress-strain curves of bearing steels at hot working conditions are obtained by hot compression test with a computer controlled servo-hydraulic Gleeble 3800 testing machine and elongations and reductions of area of the bearing steels are also obtained by hot tensile test with a Gleeble 1500 testing machine. Experiments are conducted under the various strain-rates and temperatures and their results are used to obtain the flow stress information. A rigid thermo-viscoplastic finite element method is applied to the multi-stage hot forging process in order to predict temperature distribution of workpiece. The experimental results and the analysis results are used to obtain an optimal hot forging condition.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2004

The presence of cutting fluid for cutting tool and workpiece leads a temperature decrease, and reduces tool wear and residual stress. Moreover, it disposes chips from cutting area, and reduces thermal distortion. However, in manufacturing, cutting fluid used in cutting process is undesirable for both human and environmental aspect. Also, it's not economic for cutting cost. This paper studied experimentally the effects of cutting parameters on the characteristics of mist generation in turning. The results of experiment are as follows: 1) The more severe cutting conditions the more mist generate, 2) The ratio of weight concentrations of cutting fluid nearly have no an effect on the amounts of mist generation 3) The size of SMD is not affected by cutting parameters.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2014

A technique based on the finite element method (FEM) is used in the simulation of metal cutting process. This offers the advantages of the prediction of the cutting force, the stresses, the temperature, the tool wear, and optimization of the cutting condition, the tool shape and the residual stress of the surface. However, the accuracy and reliability of prediction depend on the flow stress of the workpiece. There are various models which describe the relationship between the flow stress and the strain. The Johnson-Cook model is a well-known material model capable of doing this. Low-alloy steel is developed for a dry storage container for used nuclear fuel. Related to this, a process analysis of the plastic machining capability is necessary. For a plastic processing analysis of machining or forging, there are five parameters that must be input into the Johnson-Cook model in this paper. These are (1) the determination of the strain-hardening modulus and the strain hardening exponent through a room-temperature tensile test, (2) the determination of the thermal softening exponent through a high-temperature tensile test, (3) the determination of the cutting forces through an orthogonal cutting test at various cutting speeds, (4) the determination of the strain-rate hardening modulus comparing the orthogonal cutting test results with FEM results. (5) Finally, to validate the Johnson-Cook material parameters, a comparison of the room-temperature tensile test result with a quasi-static simulation using LS-Dyna is necessary.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2013

The high-speed machining in the manufacturing industry field has been widely applied for parts of vehicles, aircraft, ships, electronics, etc., recently, because the effect of cost savings for shortening processing time and improving productivity is great. The purpose in this study is to investigate the effect of cutting depth on the surface roughness of workpiece with the spindle rotational speed and feed rate of high-speed machines as a parameter to find the optimal depth in the finishing for ball end mill of the aluminum alloy 7075 which is used much in aircraft parts. When the cutting depth for the respective feed rate and spindle rotational speed is varied from 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm at intervals of 0.2 mm in the wet finishing of the aluminum alloy 7075 by the insoluble cutting oils and high-speed machining used in the rough machining of previous study, the surface roughness values and the cutting temperature are measured. In addition, the cutting surface shapes of test specimens are observed by optical microscope and compared with respectively. It is found that the surface roughness values and the temperature generated during machining are increased as the feed rate and cutting depth are raised, but those are decreased as the spindle rotational speed is increased.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제17권7호
• /
• pp.434-441
• /
• 2016

마찰교반용접은 소재와 용접 툴 간의 마찰열에 의해 접합되는 고상접합 공정이다. 용접 시 발생하는 입열량에 따라 용접부의 건전성이 결정된다. 과도한 입열량은 산화물 및 기공결함의 원인이 되며, 불충분한 입열량은 터널결함 등의 문제점이 발생한다. 따라서 마찰교반용접부 중심에서의 온도 이력을 파악하는 것은 건전성을 판단하는 데 있어 매우 중요한 연구이다. 본 연구에서는 마그네슘 합금소재에 대한 마찰교반용접부의 온도분포 특성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 유한요소해석을 통한 마찰교반용접부의 유동장 및 온도분포를 예측하였다. 유한요소해석을 위해 용접 툴 형상 간소화, 마찰 조건 선정 등 선행 해석을 수행하고 최적조건을 도출하였다. 또한, 해석모델의 검증을 위해 마그네슘 합금의 맞대기 마찰교반용접 시 용접부 중앙에서의 온도를 측정하였다. 유한요소해석 결과 마찰교반용접부의 온도에 영향을 미치는 주요변수의 기여도는 회전속도가 이송속도보다 더 높은 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 용접부 중심에서의 실측 온도와 유한요소해석 결과 사이에 5.4% - 7.7% 수준의 오차 내에서 잘 일치하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 1998

High cutting speeds and feeds are essential requirements of a machine tool structure to accomplish its basic function which is to produce a workpiece of the required geometric form with an acceptable surface finish at as high a rate of production as is economically possible. Since the bearings in high speed spindle units are the main heat source of the total cutting system, in this work, the thermal characteristics of the spindle bearing system with a tilting axis were investigated using finite element methods to improve the performance of the spindle bearing system. Based on the theoretical results, a specially designed prototype spindle bearing system has been manufactured. Using the manufactured spindle bearing system, the thermal characteristics were measured. From the comparison of the experimental results with the theoretical ones, it was found that the finite element method predicted well the thermal characteristics of the spindle bearing system.

• Design & Manufacturing
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2012

Friction and wear affect all processes involved in the extraction of materials and their conversion into finished products in the die applications such as drawing, extrusion etc. Originating phenomenon from the contact surface between the tool and workpiece, they are usually a hindrance to materials process operations which usually result in damaging the tools, increasing energy consumption, the contamination of processed material by wear particles and also some problems associated with technologies to control friction and wear. The most well established method to control friction and wear is by the application of lubricant such as fluorocarbon. Besides, a surface technique so-called surface modification can be applied to solve the tribology problems of the die applications for both the economical and ecological reasons. In this article, we applied DLC(diamond-like carbon) thin film on alumina ceramic for HT test using the PIID(plasma ion immersion deposition), 4 groups of test specimens were tested up to $200^{\circ}C$ which is a little higher than the normal working temperature of die application. Pin-on-disc tribo-tester was used to test the friction and surfaces were characterized by SEM and EDS and else, the morphology changes of DLC coatings were studied. The present work indicated that the DLC had a great potential to reduce the friction and wear in the alumina die application without lubricants.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2000

At present there are many theories as to how various lubricants used in forging perform the role of reducing friction. Little work has been carried out to determine the validity of these theories for solid lubricants. This paper covers the development and preliminary results of the experiments devised to illustrate the movement of graphite at the workpiece/tool interface in the work forging temperature range. The paper describes the results obtained from upsetting of rings between two flat dies for measurement of lubricant thickness and compaction of graphite for density-pressure relationship. These allowed the lubricant to be exposed to forging conditions and by applying the principles of Male's ring test the simple generation of a value fur friction factor could also be determined. The experiments have been undertaken to examine the behavior of lubricant for shot blasted surface and change of surface roughness. A simple computer model of the interface has been constructed characterizing the graphite layer in an attempt to simulate the boundary mechanics.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 The 8th Asian Symposium on Precision Forging ASPF
• /
• pp.26-30
• /
• 2003

Since the dimension of cold forged part is larger than the cavity size of forging die, the difference results from the various features, such as, the elastic characteristics of die and workpiece, thermal influences, and machine-elasticity. All of these factors should be considered to get more accurate prediction of the dimension of forged part. In this paper, severe FE techniques are proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of dimension for cold forged part. To validate the importance of the above mentioned factors, and the estimated results are compared with the experimental results. The used model is a closed die upsetting of cylindrical billet. The calculated dimensions are well coincided with .the measured values based on the proposed techniques. The proposed techniques have put two simple but important points into Fe simulation. One is the separation of forging stages into 3 steps, from a loading through punch retraction to ejecting stage. The other is the dimensional change, according to the temperature changes due to the deformation. The FE analysis could predict the dimension of cold forged part within the $10{\mu}m$, based on the more realistic consideration.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2007

Multi-function and miniaturization of the medical equipment and tele-communication systems need small and high precision machined parts. For the economic machining of the small size workpiece it should be machined by small and high precision machine tools with high speed machining. The belt type driving system in turning lathe has a limitation of spindle speeds because of the vibrations from driving mechanism, built-in type of driving mechanism is used to reduce the vibration. However, the main spindle of the built-in motor is connected directly to the motor, so the heat generation of the motor and bearing makes bad influence of the accuracy of machine tools. In this study, the analysis of heat generation from motor and bearings supporting main spindle and experiment were carried out. The results of theoretical simulation of temperature and deformation of the main spindle are good agreement with those of measured.