• 응용통계연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.697-712
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• 2013

다시점 자료 연구에서 일반화추정방정식은 가상관행렬을 잘못 가정하더라도 모수의 일치추정량을 도출하므로 많이 이용된다. 하지만, 결측 체계가 완전임의결측이 아닌 경우에는 편의추정량을 제공하고, 시간-종속적 공변량이 포함된 경우에는 가상관행렬에 따라 회귀계수 추정값이 다르게 도출될 수 있는 문제점이 있다. 결측 체계가 임의결측인 경우에 발생하는 문제를 해결하기 위해 가중 방법과 다중대체 방법을 사용하는 것이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 시간-종속적 공변량이 포함된 이분형 반복측정자료를 GEE를 이용하여 분석할 때 다양한 결측 체계에서 일반화추정방정식 방법, 가중 방법, 다중대체 방법의 회귀계수 추정에 대한 로버스트성과 정확성을 모의실험을 통하여 비교해 보았다. 세 가지 방법 모두에서 시간-종속적 공변량의 회귀계수가 시간-독립적 공변량의 회귀계수에 비해 가상관행렬에 따라 추정값의 차이가 크게 나타났다. 다른 두 방법에 비해 다중대체 방법이 가상관행렬의 형태에 대해 더 로버스트하고 편의도 작은 추정치를 도출하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.138-150
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• 2013

This paper is purposed to study on the Influence of Working Condition and Job Satisfaction on the change of occupation of Cosmetologist(Hair & Skin Care) to reduce cosmetologist change of occupation. The research methods are surveying with 250 persons & doing statistics analysis such as frequency, factor, regression analysis, using SPSS V.14. The results are as belows; 1. working conditions are reduced by two factors (1) welfare working condition, (2) basic working condition, and job satisfactions are reduced by one factor job satisfaction. 2. There is a relationship demographic characteristics, such as years, income/month, number of colleague in working area, working time/day, day off/month, with change of occupation. 3. There is a relationship working condition with change of occupation. 4. There is a relationship job satisfaction with change of occupation.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.281-291
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• 1996

458 female workers working in the small and medium scaled industries in Inchon area were surveyed to study their general characteristics, health behavior, working and environmental conditions, awareness of exposure at hazardous materials, current health status, and degree of working satisfaction. Self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the female workers with the explanation by trained interviewer on the purpose of survey and the method how to answer. The results were as follows : (1) 75.5% of the respondents are living with their families and others are living in domitary or rent house for herself. Age distribution ranges from teenagers to warren in their forties. In marital status 69.0% of workers are single and 31.0% of them have ever married. 69.4% of workers are high school graduate. The size of factory is 48.3% with less than 300 workers, 42.1% with 300~500 workers. (2) Most of the workers(86.7%) are full time workers, 52% of the respondents have working experiences in other factories. More than 65% have fewer than 5 years working experience. (3) The awareness of exposure at noise was 33% of respondents, it was significantly different by skilled status. The awareness of exposure at dust, other hazardous material was each 13.3%, 12.4% of respondents. (4) 26% of them are unsatisfied with their working cognitions and 43.7% of them are unsatisfied with their welfare in occupational system unsatisfactory rate of promotion is higher in the unmarried workers(45.6%), skilled workers(47.2%), full time workers(47.4%), long term workers(50%), and awareness group of exposure hazardous material(51.3%), compared to married women workers, unskilled workers, part-time workers, short term workers and unawareness group of exposure at hazardous materials. (5) The index of working satisfaction is rated on a scale of 1 to 10 with the higher point indicating higher satisfaction. Among the selected variables, marital status, working status, the awareness of exposure at hazardous materials, were statistically significant with the index of working satisfaction. (6) By multiple regression analysis showed that the determinant factors of index of working condition were health index, the awareness of exposure at dust, the awareness of exposure other hazardous materials, marital status and working period. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between the awareness of exposure at hazardous material the index of working satisfaction. Therefore if the workers are less exposed to the hazardous material and are educated properly they will be more satisfied with their work thus improving their health and productivity. Finally, with the result of this study, there is a great need for the development of a health promotion program and a welfare policy for small-scale factories.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2014

A new shell divider was manufactured according to the principle of the lever in order to improve working efficiency in collecting the gonad of Sea Urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina, around the coast of jeju. It was composed of three parts of a pair of handles for grasping power, a fulcrum and a pair of knives for action with 21cm in length and 13cm in width. The operating efficiency of the shell divider was tested out in three place of Jeju coast. Statistical significances of differences of working time between test groups were calculated according to the t-test with the level of significance. In dividing the shell of sea urchin, the average of about 3 seconds of working time by the shell divider was less than that by a knife. At the result of t-test, the statistical significance in the working time existed between the divider group and the knife group. On the other hand, the working time among the divider operators showed no significant differences. It is concluded that the shell divider is more efficient than a knife in traditional operating.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

Equipment and machine of industrial plant are give effect to mechanical-stress of many working-stop or long time operating. Therefore, to be old and decrepit of every king of equipment. As long time operating equipment period into increase conservation and of repair equipment time is efficacious necessity of utility factor gradually that of productivity of diminution and complete equipment expense of increase. Conservation at special skill working and necessity is that will effectually and complete a period prevention management diagnosis can conservation point at issues at in advance.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2017

This study aimed to analyze time allocation for men who work long hours and their wives. Using 2014 time-use survey data (provided by Statistics Korea), we analyzed the amount of time spent in four areas-paid work, housework, leisure, and life essentials-of male workers who work more than 52 hours a week and of their wives. Descriptive statistics and a paired t-test were conducted using SPSS version 18.0. The results were as follows: First, the time allocation of men who worked long hours differed from their wives with the exception of personal maintenance time. Second, the working time of wives who work long hours was longer than their husbands who work long. Third, men who worked long hours did less housework when their wives were employed than when they were not employed. All the results showed gender differences in terms of time allocation. Equal role-sharing between spouses is needed for the work-life balance of both husbands and wives.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.144-145
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• 2022

Since the marking robot draws lines by point-to-point operation, the robot's shifting path greatly affects the working time and productivity. Therefore, it is required to analyze the movement method based on the robot's motion and plan to minimize the movement time. Therefore, this study proposes a method that can optimize the robot's shifting path to minimize the working time of the marking robot. Through the results of this study, it is expected that the non-working time of the marking robot will be reduced and the efficient operation will be possible.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 1977

This study attempts to examine the performances of Myun Health Workers-the frontline workers in the Korean rural health care delivery system. The time-activity approach was mainly utilized as a measuring tool. This study was undertaken in September 1976 with 35 Myun Health Workers at the Kang Wha County. The pretested time-activity approach sheets were filled out daily for one month by those Myun Health Workers themselves. Statistical means and variances of analysis were utilized for statistical method in comparing some activities and functions converged into time distribution Findings: 1. The workers's average working hours derived in this study is 8 hours and 48 minutes per day, which takes half an hour longer than normal schedule. 2. They spend 56% working hour for direct services, in other words, the main function, 22% for supportive function, and 22% for other activities, the unrelated health services. 3. Considering the total working hours of main function, out-center activity is far more than in-center services with the ratio of 70% to 30% respectively, which proves, therefore, that the main activity of the workers is home visiting. 4. It takes 20 minutes purely for home visiting and takes 14 minutes for transportation. 5. This research also indicates that such factors as characteristics of the health workers and myun influence in shaping the structures of the worker's function and activity: a. The workers whose working site is located in myun office spend 15% among total working hours in carring out official myun activities, which is incidentally unrelated to health services, while the health subcenter have no rooms for administrative jobs for myun office. b. The workers whose office is in health subcenter contribute much time in doing main function and those working in special project distribute more time in performing supportive function. c. The types of workers are another dominant factor to influence the components of worker's functions and activities. MCH workers and MPW I spend much time for manipulating main function. d. MPW II, whose function is reorganized by special project in 2 myuns shows different pattern of time distribution compared to the TB worker orFP worker in the ordinary area. MPW II distributes their time evenly in performing MCH program, T.B. Program, F.P. program and education activity, while the unipurpose workers engage in carring out only their dominant role. e. Another variables which involve the variation of the worker's activity can be illustrated with the variables like target population, size of myun and convenience for transportation, among which the latter two are remarkable factors in determining the time for out-center service.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2022

본 연구는 2019 통계청 생활시간조사 자료를 분석하여 미취학자녀를 둔 아버지의 돌봄유형별 자녀돌봄 행태와 영향 요인을 근무일과 비근무일로 나누어 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미취학 자녀를 둔 아버지들은 비근무일에 근무일의 3배 이상의 시간을 자녀돌봄에 사용하였으며, 참여율 또한 비근무일에 더 높았다. 둘째, 맞벌이 아버지와 외벌이 아버지 모두 필수돌봄과 발달돌봄에 사용한 시간이 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 필수돌봄에 대한 요구가 높은 시기임을 고려할 때 아버지들이 필수 돌봄에 발달돌봄과 비슷한 정도의 참여를 하고 있다는 점은 고무적인 결과라고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 아버지들은 어머니의 시간가용성을 고려하여 근무일과 비근무일 간에 돌봄유형별 돌봄 참여를 조정하는 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 아버지의 근무일의 자녀돌봄 시간은 근무일과 비근무일 모두 가정 내 돌봄 요구와 관련되는 변수들의 영향력이 컸으며, 돌봄유형 중 발달돌봄 시간은 분석에 투입된 독립변수들에 의해 거의 설명되지 않았다. 연구 결과로 볼 때, 아버지의 양육참여를 제고하기 위해서는 근로시간 단축과 다양한 가족친화제도의 도입이 요구되며, 부부가 자녀 돌봄에 대한 공동책임을 가지고 자녀양육을 함께 해나갈 수 있도록 아버지들의 양육책임에 대한 인식 변화 또한 필요하다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2017

In this study, we describe a new approach to real-time implementation of working path control for the forging and casting manufacturing process by vertical type articulated robot system. The proposed control scheme is simple in structure, fast in computation, and useful for real-time control of factory automation based on robot system. Moreover, this scheme does not require any accurate parameter information, nor values of the uncertain parameters and payload variations. Reliability of the proposed controller is proved by simulation and experimental results for robot manipulator consisting of arm with six degrees of freedom under the variation of payloads and tracking trajectories in Cartesian space and joint space. The vertical type articulated robot manipulator with six axes made in SMEC Co., Ltd. has been used for real-time implementation test to illustrate the enhanced working path control performance for unmanned automation of the forging and casting manufacturing process.