• ETRI Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.228-241
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• 1997

In this paper, we present a design of modem and vocoder digital signal processor (DSP) chips for CDMA mobile station. The modem chip integrates CDMA reverse link modulator, CDMA forward link demodulator and Viterbi decoder. This chip contains 89,000 gates and 29 kbit RAMs, and the chip size is $10 mm{\times}10.1 mm$ which is fabricated using a $0.8{\mu}m$ 2 metal CMOs technology. To carry out the system-level simulation, models of the base station modulator, the fading channel, the automatic gain control loop, and the microcontroller were developed and interfaced with a gate-level description of the modem application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The Modem chip is now successfully working in the real CDMA mobile station on its first fab-out. A new DSP architecture was designed to implement the Qualcomm code exited linear prediction (QCELP) vocoder algorithm in an efficient way. The 16 bit vocoder DSP chip has an architecture which supports direct and immediate addressing modes in one instruction cycle, combined with a RISC-type instruction set. This turns out to be effective for the implementation of vocoder algorithm in terms of performance and power consumption. The implementation of QCELP algorithm in our DSP requires only 28 million instruction per second (MIPS) of computation and 290 mW of power consumption. The DSP chip contains 32,000 gates, 32K ($2k{\times}16\;bit$) RAM, and 240k ($10k{\times}24\;bit$) ROM. The die size is $8.7\;mm{\times}8.3\;mm$ and chip is fabricated using $0.8\;{\mu}m$ CMOS technology.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

This paper suggests heuristic polynomial time algorithm for crew scheduling problem that is a kind of optimization problems. This problem has been solved by linear programming, set cover problem, set partition problem, column generation, etc. But the optimal solution has not been obtained by these methods. This paper sorts transit costs $c_{ij}$ to ascending order, and the task i and j crew paths are merged in case of the sum of operation time ${\Sigma}o$ is less than day working time T. As a result, we can be obtain the minimum number of crews $_{min}K$ and minimum transit cost $z=_{min}c_{ij}$. For the transit cost of specific number of crews $K(K>_{min}K)$, we delete the maximum $c_{ij}$ as much as the number of $K-_{min}K$, and to partition a crew path. For the 5 benchmark data, this algorithm can be gets less transit cost than state-of-the-art algorithms, and gets the minimum number of crews.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.133-141
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct balance training through vision control to improve the balance, postural control, and balance confidence and to decrease the visual and sensory dependence of stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-eight chronic stroke patients volunteered to participate in the study. They were randomly assigned to the eyes-closed and the eyes-open training groups. Three times a week for four weeks each group performed an unstable-support session and a balance training session for thirty minutes per set. Their balance, postural control, and balance confidence were assessed using BIO Rescue (BR), the postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), and the Korean activity-specific balance confidence scale (K-ABC), respectively. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Statistical methods before and after working around the average value of each dataset were independent T-test. The significance level for statistical analyses was set at 0.05. Results: Comparison between the groups showed statistically significant effects on all variables before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study reflected that balance-training programs involving vision control improve the balance, postural control, and balance confidence of chronic stroke patients. Thus, stroke patients should undergo training programs that increase the use of their other senses with vision control in clinical practice.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

Hollow steel-reinforced concrete-filled GFRP tubular member is a new kind of composite members. Firstly set the mold in the GFRP tube (non-bearing component), then set the longitudinal reinforcements with stirrups (steel reinforcement cage) between the GFRP tube and the mold, and filled the concrete between them. Through the axial compression test of the hollow steel-reinforced concrete-filled GFRP tubular member, the working mechanism and failure modes of composite members were obtained. Based on the experiment, when the load reached the ranges of $55-70%P_u$ ($P_u-ultimate$ load), white cracks appeared on the surface of the GFRP tubes of specimens. At that time, the confinement effects of the GFRP tubes on core concrete were obvious. Keep loading, the ranges of white cracks were expanding, and the confinement effects increased proportionally. In addition, the damages of specimens, which were accompanied with great noise, were marked by fiber breaking and resin cracking on the surface of GFRP tubes, also accompanied with concrete crushing. The bearing capacity of the axially compressed components increased with the increase of reinforcement ratio, and decreased with the increase of hollow ratio. When the reinforcement ratio was increased from 0 to 4.30%, the bearing capacity was increased by about 23%. When the diameter of hollow part was decreased from 55mm to 0, the bearing capacity was increased by about 32%.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.38-56
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• 2021

Objective This study was devised to create a new diagnosis and an assessment index by Soeumin's Ordinary Symptoms. Method First, a Working Committee and an Advisory Committee were formed for development, and the development goals were set. Then, the Soeumin's disease diagnosis indicators were extracted from the previous Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sasang Constitutional Medicine. To increase the clinical applicability, the extracted diagnosis indicators were focused on ordinary symptoms, and translated into Korean. The translated diagnosis and assessment indicators for Soeumin were surveyed to the Advisory Committee using the Delphi technique, and the inclusion, importance, and validity of each indicator were investigated accordingly. Result The translated diagnosis and assessment indicators were finally revised based on the surveyed inclusion and translation validity opinions, and the weight of each indicator was set based on the investigated importance, and a draft of the diagnosis and assessment index was developed. Conclusion This developed index can help to make effective diagnose about Soeumin's diseases by clinical doctor. In the future, a clinical study of this index can be conducted to consider the reliability, validity, and cut-point, and through this process, the actual clinical applicability will be improved.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-63
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate how menu management effect on job efficiency at a hotel restaurant. Target standardization amount is needed to set for effective menu management to give quality menu toward customers to do that bring effective job efficiency. The survey is conducted to employees who are working at hotel restaurant. To verify the hypotheses, set this study up frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, and linear regression analysis. The collected questionnaires were analyzed through statistical package SPSS WIN 12.0. Moreover, adjusting regression analysis using multiplying matrix was carried to obtain the results of effectiveness. The results show that menu management is required to apply the target amount of standardization in order to increase the job efficiency. At a menu planning phase, managers are expected to compose menu after having full consultation with employees. During the process, the target standardization amount can play a key role to improve job efficiency. Conclusively, to get effective customer service performance, it is necessary to set the target amount standardization if you are considering a trend and taste of customers who should be kept being adjusted or supplemented in line with a trend.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1119-1124
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• 2012

In this paper I introduced a new methodology; Fuzzy-set Qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) calibration introduced by Charles C Ragin to measure the degree of technology innovation in OECD countries and non OECD countries and developed a simple technology development pattern based on patents number of traditional technology, information and communication technology and biotechnology which are published by OECD Working group. Through this typology and measurement of technology innovation degree, we can provide appropriate and necessary science and technology policies for each developed or developing country and technology sectors like information and communication technology.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to investigate an analytical approach for opening performance evaluation of the nuclear pressure safety valve based on standard codes such as ASME or KEPIC. It is well-known that safety valve is considered as one of pressure relief valves for protecting a boiler or pressure vessel from exceeding the maximum allowable working pressure. When pressure in a container reaches its set pressure, the safety valve commences discharging the internal fluid by a sudden opening called as popping. Safety valve is usually evaluated by set pressure, full open, blow-down, leakage and flow capacity. The test procedure and technical requirement for performance evaluation is described in international code of ASME code such as BPVC. The opening characteristics of steam safety valve can be analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and steam shaft dynamics. First, the flow analysis along opening process is simulated by running the CFD models of the ten types of opening steps from 0 to 100%. As a analysis result, the various CFD outputs of flow pattern, pressure, forces on the disc and mass flow at each simulation step is demonstrated. The lift force is calculated by using the forces applied on disc from static pressure and secondary flow. And, the effect of huddle chamber or control chamber is studied by dynamic analysis based on CFD simulation results such as lift force. As a result, dynamics analysis shows opening features according to the sizes of control chamber.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

Evaluation model for damage consciousness was established through the survey of 2,210 residents' consciousness on aircraft noise near Taegu Airport. There were none who replied that the level of the aircraft noise was as los as it was quiet. 77(3.5%) people replied the noise was normal, and 2,133(95.5%) people said it was noisy. As to the period of time when the aircraft noise occurred, 51%, 97%, 86%, 0.6% of the residents pointed out the morning time, the day time, the evening time, and the night time, respectively. Because of aircraft noise, 73%, 88%, 70%, 77%, 78%, and 33% of the residents felt it disturbing indoor conversation, telephoning, watching TV or listening to the ratio, reading or meditating, working, sleeping, and studying, respectively. It was examined that the bad effects of aircraft noise on the health were severe : 43% of the resident said they experienced embarrassment. 52% astonishment, 66% absence of mind, 61% heart-beating. 77% headaches, 78% earache, and 93% displeasure. For the survey of the residents' damage consciousness about aircraft noise, the level of aircraft noise was set as an objective variable, and gender, age, occupation. Education, the type of house, the structure of windows, the consciousness of settlement in the district, and the period of residence were set as explanatory variables. And the quantification theory I was applied to the analysis. The most influencing factor of the damage consciousness on aircraft noise was the education, the second occupation, the third age, the forth the consciousness of settlement, the fifth the period of residence, the sixth gender, the seventh the type of house, and the least influencing factor among them was the structure of windows. These findings will be a useful guideline when the government seeks to set up policies which will help solve the resident's noise problems near Taegu Airport.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2019

Unlike typical a dynamic positioning (DP) system, a DP-assisted mooring system must determine a set point (SP) that can ensure a mooring tension safety range to prevent an excessive increase in mooring tension. In this paper, a new algorithm for determining the SP is suggested in order to reduce the tension on all the mooring lines. To determine the SP, a working area around the vessel is represented by a rectangular grid. Thus, the size of the grid area is limited considering the offset of a vessel with a mooring system. At each grid's nodes, the resultant tension from all the mooring lines is estimated using the time history of the tension and vessel's position. The results of static analyses for each grid position are used to estimate the global tension. Consequently, the SP is automatically selected as a position satisfying criterion for minimizing the total tension. In order to validate the suggested algorithm, a motion simulation with the control system in the time domain and a discussion of the results are presented.