• 재활간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2002

The purpose of study was to find out the relation ship between health perception and health status of clinical nurses. It also identified factors that related to health perception and health status of clinical nurses. The research design was descriptive correlational study. The subjects were consisted of 289 clinical nurses at the university hospital in Pusan. The data were collected from Feb. 12th to Feb. 28th, 2001 by self reporting structured questionnaires. The instruments used for this study were health perception questionnaire developed by Ware and Cornell Medical Index modified by Nam Ho-Chang (1965) for measuring health status. The data were analyzed by SPSS/PC+ program using frequency, percentage, mean, mean mark, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The mean score of the health perception was $94.70{\pm}8.93$(range : 29-145), which the item mean mark score was $3.27{\pm}$0.31(range 1-5). The score of subarea of the health perception was the highest score in health concern ($4.57{\pm}0.58$) and the lowest score in rejection of sick role($2.94{\pm}0.32$). 2. The mean score of the health status was $102.83{\pm}7.61$(range: 57-114), which the item mean mark score was $1.80{\pm}0.13$ (range : 1-2). The mean mark score of the physical health status was $62.55{\pm}5.35$($1.69{\pm}0.14$) and the mental health status was $40.28{\pm}3.51$($1.83{\pm}0.16$). 3. There were statistically significant difference in the score of health perception according to the presence of disease(F=4.607, P=.011), job satisfaction (F=12.242, P=.000), and job place(F=2.838, P=.038). 4. There were statistically significant difference in the score of health status according to the age(F=3.164, P=.007), presence of leisure time(F=4.308, P=.039), presence of diseases(F=3.215, P=.042), job experience(F=9.064, P=.000), job satisfaction(F=7.182, P=.001), job place (F=5.638, P=.001), job position (F=3.900, P=.021). 5. Health perception of clinical nurse was shown to be positively related to health status(r=.543, p=.000). In conclusion, health perception of clinical nurse working at the university hospital was relatively high, and health status was fine. And the more health perception was high, the more health status was high. Therefore, the health promotion program for clinical nurses, should included health perception.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1991

Recently a non-electronic, disposable and portable infusor(Baxter infusor with patient control module, Baxter health care Co., Deerfield IL 60015 USA: BI $\bar{c}$ PCM) has been developed that will deliver both a continuous drug infusion as well as allow the patient to deliver extra doses of medication on a demand basis under predetermined limitation of analgesics. Patients may also not require as high analgesic dose rate to control pain when the acceptable and tolerable level of pain relief can be maintained by this device. From April l99l, we have used a total l93 units of BI $\bar{c}$ PCM. These units consisting of two components which one made by a balloon reservoir(capacity 65 ml, flow rate 0.5 ml/hr) to store medication and to regulate the pump power(490 torr), and another two PCMs to regulate additional analgesic administration by patients demand at intervals of 1S minutes and 60 minutes. The dose administered to the patient can be varied by changing the concentration of the infusate within the balloon reservoir. These devices were utilized for the pain control of 44 patients. These patients were divided into two groups. Twenty seven cases had cancer pain and 17 cases had non-cancer pain. The Touhy needle(No. l8 G.) tip was inserted into the epidural space and was used to guide the catheter to the spinal nerve level corresponding to the most painful area. The device was connected to the opposite site of the catheter tip and was filled with 60 ml of mixture solution such as 0.5% bupivacaine 15 ml, morphine HCl 10 mg, trazodone 10 ml, Tridol 3 ml and normal saline 31 ml were administed as the initial dose. When the initial dose was less effective, the next dose could be varied by increasing the concentration of bupivacaine, by adding more morphine (5~10 mg), and by reducing the volume of normal saline. Using these modules of drug self administration, we experienced the following: 1) Improvement of patient's self titration of analgesic requirement was provided. 2) The patients anxiety with pain recurrence resulting from delays in administering pain control medication was decreased significantly. 3) The working load accompanying with the single bolus injection as the usual method was reduced remarkably. 4) There was urinary retention in 5 cases and pruritus in 4 eases which developed as side effects but respiratory depression and vomiting was not encountered in a single case.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.77-95
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• 1986

In 1962 the governing bodies of FAO and WHO approved the establishment of a joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, the creation of a jointly sponsored body to be known as the Codex Alimentarius commission to implement the Programme. It can reasonably be claimed that the Commission has assumad the leading role in establishing internation food standards throughout the world. The Codex Committee of Food Hygiene has received much advice and assistance from other international organization which have been working in this field for a number of years. In particular, it has received valuable background documentation from the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods(ICMSF) which was set up by the International Association of Microbiological Societies(IAMS), and also from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Nevertheless, in spite of the information supplied by governments and research bodies in this field, microbiological standards have proved to be a highly controversial subject from the point of view of Codex standards. When it is decided to establish a microbiological standard for a food or class of foods, the following technical and administrative aspects must be considered: 1) The standard should be based on factual studies and serve one or more of the following objectives: (1) to determine the conditions of hygiene under which the food should be manufactured; (2) to minimize the hazards to public health; (3) to measure the keeping quality and storage potential of the food 2) The standard should be attainable under practicable operating and commercial conditions and should not entail the use of excessive heat treatment or the additions of extra preservatives. 3) The standard should be determined after investigation of the processing operation. 4) The standard should be as simple and inexpensive to administer as possible, the number of tests being kept to a minimum. 5) Details of methods to be used for sampling, examining and reporting should accompany all published microbiological standards. 6) In establishing tolerance levels for the permissible number of defective samples, allowance should be made for sampling and other variations due to differences in the laboratory methods. The following additional points should be kept in mind: 1) It is not satisfactory to establish one set of microbiological standards for a miscellaneous group of foods, such as“frozen foods”or“precooked foods”. 2) Microbiological standards should be applied first to the more hazardous types of food on the basis of experience of expected microbiological levels, taking into account variations in composition, processing procedures, and storage. 3) When a standard is established, there should be a definite relationship between the standard and the hazard against which it is meant to protect the public. 4) The sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility of the sampling and analytical methods should be compared in different laboratories and the methods to be used should be specified in detail as part of the standard. 5) Tolerances should be included in the standard to account for inaccuracies of sampling and analysis. 6) Standards should be applied on a voluntary basis before compliance is made mandatory.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.575-580
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• 2001

Purpose : In general, pineal region tumors are managed by using microsurgical approach or stereoctactic biopsy. However, in selected cases endoscopic approach to pineal lesions might prove to be as effective as microsurgery and less invasive. We report an alternative surgical strategy for managing certain patients with pineal neoplasms that allows treatment of the symptomatic hydrocephalus as well as tumor biopsy under direct vision in the same sitting. Materials and Methods : Twenty-two patients with pineal region tumors with associated hydrocephalus were treated in one session by endoscopic third ventriculostomy and endoscopic tumor biopsy at our institution from October 1996 to January 2000. All patients were retrospectively evaluated. Results : There was no operative mortality. There was one cause of significant bleeding during biopsy, but was controlled endoscopically, and the patient recovered completely without neurologic deficit resulting from intra-operative bleeding. The symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure(ICP) have resolved in all patients, and the need for a shunt is completely eliminated. Histological diagnosis was achieved in 21 of the 22 patients by this procedure. A biopsy was not obtained in one patient. Although this pineal region tumor was seen endoscopically, this could not be biopsied because of technical difficulties in working around an enlarged massa intermedia. The lesions included fourteen germinomas, three mixed germ cell tumors, and one each of the followings: pineocytoma, pineoblastoma, pineocytoma/pineoblastoma(intermediate type), meningioma, and low grade glioma. Five of the 22 patients subsequently underwent formal microsurgical tumor removal. Additional chemotherapy or radiotherapy could then be initiated according to the histological diagnosis. Conclusion : We consider that endoscopy affords a minimally invasive way of reaching three objectives by one-step surgery in the management of pineal region tumors with associated hydrocephalus : 1) cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) sample for analysis of tumour markers and cytology, 2) treatment of hydrocephalus by third ventriculostomy, and 3) several biopsy specimens can be obtained identifying tumors which will require further open surgery or adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy. However, complications and morbidities should be emphasized so as to be avoided with further technical experience.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.387-398
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• 2010

최근 우리나라 중소기업들은 심각한 수준의 인력부족현상을 경험하고 있다. 많은 선행연구는 이것이 중소기업의 열악한 근무 환경과 낮은 임금 그리고 이에 따른 졸업생의 중소기업 기피에 주로 기인한다고 보았다. 반면 중소기업 취업자가 노동시장에서 차별을 경험하기 때문이라는 노동시장분절 시각에서 접근 되기도 하다. 특히 이 같은 차별이 하향취업과 비전공 취업으로 연계될 수 있고, 결과적으로 빈번한 이직이나 안정적이지 못한 일자리로 이어짐으로써 장기적으로는 효과적인 경력축적을 저해하게 할 수 있다는 지적도 있다. 하지만 그 동안 대부분의 연구는 주로 대학 졸업생의 미취업 탈출에 초점을 둔 반면, 이들의 초기 직업력에 대한 연구는 대단히 적었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대학 졸업생의 직업력에 대한 추적조사 결과를 활용하여 중소기업 취업자의 이직 경로를 분석하고, 노동시장 진입 과정에 따른 노동시장 성과의 차이를 분석하고자 한다. 분석 결과, 대학 졸업생의 중소기업 경력은 더 많은 그리고 더 장기간의 교량적 일자리를 경험하게 되고, 상대적으로 낮은 임금과 고용불안정을 수반하며, 이 같은 직장이동이 긍정적인 노동시장성과를 동반하지 못하는 등 노동시장에서 인적 자본이나 교육의 질로써 설명되지 못하는 '중소기업효과'가 존재하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.255-268
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• 2010

Objectives : In the field of dental hygiene, infections pose a serious problem. This issue has left many patients and dental staff exposed to microbes with potentially far-reaching effects. The purpose of this study was to find solutions which could improve Dental health policies and promote improved methods for the control of infections. This survey was conducted between March 3, 2008 and March 30, 2008, in the metropolitan area. The research was carried out in dental clinics and dental hygienists were surveyed through a questionnaire. Methods : Collected data was examined using the SPSS 14.0 program, using frequency, mean and standard deviation analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe's test and Duncan's test. Further analysis was given using Logistic Regression. Results : The Performance of Infection Control by dental hygienists in Dental Clinics was shown at $2.96{\pm}0.42$. Disinfection, sterilization and the wearing of masks is high at $3.65{\pm}0.64$, $3.64{\pm}0.65$. The perception of the importance of infection control is higher among dental hygienists than dentists. Of the dental hygienists surveyed, 83.9% were exposed to at least one accident while at work. Age and years of experience were important in relation to infection control practices. The rate of infections and the number of accidents experienced related to the dental hygienists performance of infection control. The performance of infection control is influenced by the dental hygienists own perceptions, and the perceptions of their dentists. The dental hygienist's working conditions and their beliefs related to infection control were shown to influence their performance of infection control practices. Conclusion : At the conclusion of this investigation, it was determined that systematic refresher training of infection control should be delivered through further education and various media. Dental health care workers should be encouraged to practice these action items presented in the training. For successful implementation of infection control in every dental health-care setting, it is highly demanded that effective safe-guard tools, strategic support and standardized action items against infection problems are developed.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2017

연구목적 정신건강의학과 직원들이 겪는 임상현장에서의 과도한 업무 스트레스, 소진의 심화, 업무 만족도 감소 등으로 인해, 전반적인 근무 효율이 저하되거나 스스로의 정신건강 관리에 어려움을 겪을 가능성이 증가할 수 있다. 정신건강의학과 직원을 대상으로 한 그룹 Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy(이하 MBCT)의 업무 스트레스, 소진, 자기 효능감, 회복력, 업무 만족도에 대한 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 일 종합병원 정신건강의학과 소속 직원 중 5개 직역 28명을 대상으로 연구 참여 동의 하에 그룹 MBCT를 시행하였다. MBCT 시행 전 후에 각각 업무 스트레스, 소진, 회복력, 자기 효능감, 업무 만족도를 자가보고식 도구를 이용하여 측정하였고, 그룹 MBCT의 효과를 비교하기 위해 각 척도 별 MBCT 전 후 점수를 비교하였다. 결과 각 척도 별 그룹 MBCT 시행 전 후의 업무 스트레스, 소진 척도 점수는 MBCT 시행 후 유의한 감소를 보였으며, 회복력, 업무 만족도, 자기 효능감 척도 점수는 MBCT 시행 후에 시행 전보다 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 결론 정신건강의학과 직원 대상의 그룹 MBCT가 직원들의 업무 스트레스와 소진을 줄이고, 회복력, 자기 효능감 및 업무 만족도를 향상시키는 데에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 정신건강의학과 치료환경에서 직원들이 그룹 MBCT를 통하여 본인의 정신건강을 증진시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 정신건강의학과 직원들의 정신건강 증진은, 나아가 치료환경에 있는 환자에게도 긍정적인 영향을 끼칠 수 있을 것이다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2003

하드웨어 설계 교육의 궁극적인 목표는 학생들로 하여금 시스템 설계능력을 갖추도록 배양하는 데에 있다. 그러나 상당수의 기존 교과과정은 설계 자체보다는 개별적인 빌딩 블록의 내부동작 원리의 이해를 중심으로 운영되는 것이 현실이다. 따라서, 학생들의 학습동기 유발에 실패할 뿐만 아니라 정작 현장에서 필요로 하는 시스템적 관점에서의 설계를 충분히 경험하지 못하는 것이 문제점으로 지적된다. 이러한 문제점들을 극복하기 위한 대안으로, 과목의 초기 도입부에 추상화의 수준을 높여서 시스템의 전체 설계를 조망할 수 있도록 하고, 점차로 추상화의 단계를 낮추어서 결국 소자의 동작 원리를 탐구하는데 이르도록 강의의 순서를 역전시킬 필요성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 하드웨어 설계의 입문 과목인 논리설계 교과목을 대상으로 하여, 시스템 수준의 설계표현 및 검증방식을 먼저 소개하고 소자에 대한 세부지식은 후반부에 소개하는 새로운 교육방식을 제안하고 이의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 교내의 동아리를 활용한 비정규 교육과정에 이를 도입한 사례를 소개한다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.302-314
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• 2019

본 연구는 10명의 초임 과학교사들이 첫 3개월간 교사로서의 긍정적 또는 부정적 정체성을 찾아가는 경험에 대한 해석학적 현상학 연구이다. 본 연구는 van Manen(1990)이 제시한 해석학적 현상학 연구 근거하여 유혜령(2015)이 제시한 현상학적 질적 연구 수행절차 4단계에 따라 진행되었다. 본 연구의 주요 데이터는 연구 대상들의 근무 지역 등의 여건을 고려하여 수집된 전화 인터뷰의 전사 자료이며 해석학적 현상학 방법에 따라 자료에서 드러난 현상이 가지는 의미를 범주화하고 개념화 하는 과정을 거처 주제를 찾아내고 그 정당성을 확인하는 과정으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 초임과학 교사들이 교사로서의 긍정적인 정체성을 갖게 되는 경험들이 공통적으로 '내가 누군가에게 필요한 존재'라는 것을 인식하게 되는 순간들임을 보여준다. 반대로 초임 과학교사들은 생활지도에서 학생들을 태하는 태도에 대한 확신이 없거나 수업에서 학생들의 적극적인 수업 참여를 이끌어 내지 못할 때 자신의 교직 역량을 의심하는 부정적인 교사 정체성을 만들게 된다. 본 연구의 결과는 현재 한국의 예비과학교사 양성 과정의 개선점에 대한 중요한 시사점을 제공한다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2018

본 연구는 2017년 1월 3일~3월 25일까지 실험실 연구자를 대상으로 생물 안전성에 대한 현황 연구를 목적으로 한다. 국내 감염병 병원체 취급대학 및 의과대학 소속 실험실에서 병원성 미생물을 취급하는 실험실 연구자 총 500명을 설문 조사하여 실시되었다. 조사 결과에 따르면 응답자는 높은 수준의 인지도를 보였으나 전반적인 생물 안전성 규칙 및 규정을 준수하지는 않았다. 실험실의 생물안전 시설의 등급 여부에 관한 문항에 관한 질문에는 '알고 있다'가 55.8%,'모른다'가 44.2%로 나타났다. 연구자들은 적절한 안전 조치가 개인을 보호 할 수 있으며, 안전 장비와 생물 안전 계획이 충분하지 않음에도 실험실이 안전하다고 믿었다. 생물안전 교육에 관련된 조사에서 연구자의 80%는 실험실 안전에 대한 교육을 받은 경험이 있었고 20%는 안전교육을 받은 적이 없었다. 생물안전교육에 대한 필요성은 66%, 교육내용에 대한 만족도는 46%로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 연구자들은 이미 생물안전교육을 받은 경험이 있지만 지속적인 교육이 필요한 것으로 생각하였다. 또한 생물 안전성 수준을 향상시키는데 있어 가장 중요한 것은 훈련 프로그램 및 교육시스템을 강화하는 것이라는 의견이 있었다. 결론적으로 실험실에서 일어날 수 있는 위험에 대비하기 위한 실험실 생물 안전에 대한 보다 개선된 교육 시스템을 개발할 필요가 있다.