• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.791-803
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• 2017

Objectives: Oral health management is important to improve the quality of life among the elderly. This study investigated the performance of elderly oral health management among some care workers in long-term-care hospitals. Methods: The study subjects were 174 care workers in 10 long-term-care hospitals. Data on general characteristics of care workers, attitude, recognition and knowledge of elderly health, performance of elderly oral health management were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression analysis by using a SPSS version 23.0 statistical program. Results: The performance score of oral health management was $4.34{\pm}0.64$ on the 5-point Likert scale. The subjects who exercised more than 2 times a month were significantly higher in their performance of elderly oral health management compared to subjects who did not exercise (${\beta}=0.232$, p=0.035). And, the subjects who cared 10-19 persons were significantly higher in performance of elderly oral health management compared to subjects who cared more than 20 elderly (${\beta}=0.246$, p=0.020). The oral health behavior of care worker (${\beta}=0.271$, p<0.001) and the knowledge of oral health care (${\beta}=0.055$, p=0.008) were positively related to the performance of elderly oral health management. Conclusions: The educational program designed to improve knowledge of care workers in accordance with the standard textbook for training care workers should be developed, and the long term education program should be reinforced to improve the performance for elderly oral health care. If care workers can care a proper number of old persons, they will give oral health care to them.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 마우스의 복부 신전시험을 통해 한국산 건조 봉독의 진통 효과를 평가하였다. 한국산 봉독은 특별히 고안된 봉독 추출기를 사용하여 일벌 (Apis mellifera L.)에 전기 충격을 가하여 생봉독을 수집하였으며, 수집된 생봉독은 봉독 건조기를 이용하여 봉독을 건조하였다. 실험 동물은 수컷 ICR 마우스 (체중 30-35 g, 6주령) 56마리를 각 군당 8마리씩 4개군으로 분류하였다. 건조 봉독은 6 mg/kg 투여군, 0.6 mg/kg 투여군, 0.6 mg/kg을 투여군 및 생리식염수를 투여한 대조군으로 각각 분류하였다. 한국산 건조 봉독은 마우스에 피하로 투여하였고, 봉독투여 30분후에는 0.9% 초산을 복강으로 투여하였다. 마우스의 복부의 신전 반사 횟수는 초산 투여 후 60분 동안 측정하였다. 초산 투여 후 3-9분에는 복부신전 반사를 보였고, 20분 후에는 가장 심한 복부신전 반사가 있었고 60분 후에는 반응이 거의 소실되었다. 한국산 건조 봉독의 복부 신전반응은 용량에 의존적으로 억제되었다. 이러한 결과에서 한국산 건조봉독은 통증치료에 있어 다른 약물을 대체하여 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3552-3560
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• 2012

본 연구는 한 비철금속 제조업 생산직 남성 근로자들의 인구사회학적특성, 건강관련행위 특성 및 직업관련 특성별 근골격계 자각증상호소율을 파악하고 그의 관련요인을 알아보고자 시도하였다. 조사대상은 대전광역시 소재한 비철금속 제조업체 근로자 302명을 대상으로 하였으며, 2011년 5월 1일부터 6월 30일까지의 기간 동안에 표준화된 무기명식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 연구대상자의 근골격계 질환 발생부위별 증상 호소율은 어깨부위의 증상이 42.7%로 가장 높았고, 다음은 허리부위 36.8%, 목 부위와 손/손목/손가락 부위가 각각 30.5%, 다리/발 부위 30.1%, 팔/팔꿈치 부위 20.9%의 순위였다. 인구사회학적 특성별 근골격계 자각증상 호소율은 연령, BMI가 낮을수록, 주관적인 건강상태가 좋지 않다는 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 건강관련 행위 특성별 자각증상 호소율은 질병으로 인한 결근한 적이 있다는 군, 외래 진료를 받은 적이 있다는 군, 입원진료를 받은적이 있다군, 규칙적인 운동이 비운동군, 수면시간이 부적당한 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 직업관련 특성별 자각증상 호소율은 업무의 신체적 부담정도가 힘들다는 군, 허리를 구부리는 작업을 하는군, 직장생활에 만족하지 않는다는 군, 근속기간이 10년 이상인 군, 허리를 구부리는 작업을 한다는 군, 반복 작업을 한다는 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 결론적으로, 생산직 남성근로자들의 근골격계 자각증상은 여러 인구사회학적 특성, 건강관련 행위특성 및 직업관련 특성과 유의한 관련성이 있었다.

• 철학연구
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• 제142권
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• pp.75-97
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• 2017

이 연구는 메를로-퐁티의 실존적 역사 이론에 의거해서 헤겔과 마르크스의 역사관을 비판적으로 검토하고 결론적으로 평가하는 것으로 구성된다. 이 글은 다음과 같이 전개된다. 헤겔에서 역사적 경험은 절대 정신의 자기 전개 과정으로서 이해되고 이것은 변증법적으로 서술된다. 그리고 헤겔의 역사는 절대 정신의 실현을 향해 달려가는 보편적 목적론의 역사이다. 이러한 헤겔의 목적론적 역사관은 인간이 역사에 의미를 줄 수 있고 이성에 목적을 줄 수 있었던 일이 어떻게 가능한가 하는 문제, 바꾸어 말해서 의미가 어디서 나오는가 하는 문제 즉 의미 가능성의 문제를 전제한다. 이 문제와 관련해서 헤겔은 역사의 의미와 목적의 지각적 토대 즉 육화된 자기 의식에서 해명하지 못했다. 마르크스에서 역사의 주체는 프롤레타리아 또는 계급 의식이다. 그리고 계급은 생산 관계에 의해서 산출된 사회적 실재이다. 그러나 계급은 체험된 실재로 존재하지 않으면 현실화할 수 없다. 계급 없는 사회를 가져오는 계급 투쟁 역시 우리 자신이 우리에게 프롤레타리아 의식으로 가치 부여하는 의식이 없으면 촉발될 수 없다. 계급 의식의 탄생과 투쟁의 시작은 노동자가 타자의 주체성 및 물질적 대상 세계와 만나고 협력하고 대결하면서 자신의 생활 세계의 구조와 의미를 지각하기 시작하고 이해하며 혁신하게 되는 시간적 경과를 거치면서이다. 결론적으로 그것은 우리의 육화된 실존이 세계와 교섭하는 데서 구성되는 의미 없이는 불가능하다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2019

정부와 안전보건공단의 재해 절감을 위한 다양한 노력덕분에 산업과 건설업 전반에 걸쳐 재해 사고는 감소추세를 보이고 있다. 하지만 건설업에서의 추락재해는 감소하지 않고 오히려 증가하고 있다. 특히, 달비계에 의한 추락재해는 매년 발생빈도는 낮지만 발생 시 작업자의 사망과 직결한다는 측면에서 재해강도가 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 국내 건설업에서의 달비계 작업환경은 매우 열악하다. 특히 소규모 건설현장에서의 달비계 작업자들은 안전에 대한 감독과 관리를 받을 수 있는 주체가 없다. 달비계 작업자들은 자신들이 직접 제작한 성능이 확인되지 않은 달비계를 가지고 불안전한 작업환경에 내몰리고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 15년간 달비계에서 기인한 242건의 사고사례들을 분석하여 추락재해 발생 주요 원인 및 개선방안을 제시하였으며, 주요내용은 불안전한 행동에 의한 재해발생률이 높아서 작업대 안착 시, 안전난간을 넘어가는 과정, 몸의 불균형 등에서 사고가 많으며 설비개선 및 작업방법개선으로 해결이 요구된다. 또한, KOSHA Guide에서 제시하는 작업순서 상의 문제점으로 발생되는 재해는 없었으며, 다만 작업 순서를 따르지 않아 안전대를 안전대 걸이용 로프에 미설치 및 미부착에 의한 사망으로 이르는 재해가 다수 발생된 것으로 파악되어 작업방법의 개선에서 가장 중요한 사항은 수직구명줄 및 안전대의 설치 및 착용이 가장 중요한 사항으로 도출되었다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.127-145
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• 2000

The objectives of this study are to identify health behaviors and health problems. and the relations between health behaviors and health problems of female workers in the retail business. The number of subjects were 200 female workers of 6 department stores in Seoul and Kyonggi area, whose jobs last more than 6 months as retail employees. The data was collected during 2 months from July 1 to August 30, 1998. The Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire(CMI) was used to measure their health problems, while health behaViorn were investigated in terms of 'smoking', 'alcohol', exercise', 'diet', and 'sleeping'. The data were analyzed with frequency. percentage, t-test, ANOVA test, and $X^2-test$ by SPSS PC+ program. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Out of health problems. Digestive symptoms occupied the highest percent number. nervous ones the second and cardiovascular ones the third among physical health problems of retail female workers. The most frequent mental health problem was 'adequacy' and the next, 'tension' and 'anger', 2, Health problems according to general characteristics of subjects were shown that the younger or the unmarried complained more than the older or the married, especially in the items of 'eye and ear', 'respiratory system', 'cardiovascular system', 'digestive tract', 'nervous system', 'adequacy', and 'depression'. The longer working duration they have had, the more they complained of 'respiratory system' and 'adequacy'. The lower academic careers complained of 'nervous' than the higher ones with statistical significance. 3. The analysis of daily health clinic notes showed that respiratory complaints were the highest percent, successively followed by digestive tract, nervous one, external injury, musculoskeletal system, urinary-reproductive system and others. 4. The level of their health practice was generally low in smoking, diet habit and alcohol intake, exercise, sleeping, very low especially in smoking, diet, alcohol intake, and exercise among them all. 5. Present smokers and ones with past experience complained of physical and mental health problems of 'respiratory system', 'digestive tract', 'skin', 'nervous', 'urinary-reproductive system', 'fatigability', adequacy', 'depression', 'anxiety', 'anger' and 'tension', than non smokers, with statistical difference. Workers without having breakfast and with irregular diet had more complaints on 'digestive tract', 'adequacy' and 'tension', than those who had regular dietary habit. The less the subjects slept, the more they complained of eye and ear, cardiovascular system. The subjects who drank alcohol complained more digestive problem. However, whether they exercise or not did not affect physical and mental health problems in a significant manner. 6. The subjects' age and marital status were statistically significant relating to health behaviors, as the younger or unmarried recorded a low level of health practice in smoking, drinking, dietary habit. Based on the results, the suggestions are made as follows: 1. Health education program on smoking, alcohol intake, diet habit is needed to improve health problems and health behavior of female retail workers. 2. The unmarried workers of late teen and twenties, who are transitional period from teenagers to adulthood are important targets for health promotion program especially for maternal health. 3. Better working environment with sufficient time and facilities for workers to relax is required to promote female sales workers' health. 4. Further research is required to identify the relation between workers' visual fatigue and intense lights for the display of goods.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.127-153
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• 2009

국내외적으로 간접흡연이나 환경 속 담배연기가 미칠 수 있는 해악에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있으며, 그 결과 작업공간 내 금연정책이 점차 늘어나고 있다. 한국에서도 작업공간 내 금연정책이 2003년 국민건강증진법 개정으로 훨씬 강화되었다. 본 논문에서는 2001년과 2005년에 이루어진 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여 강화된 금연정책이 흡연율과 일평균 흡연 개비 수에 미친 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 금연법강화가 실내 작업공간 위주로 이루어진 점에 착안하여 법 개정의 영향을 많이 받은 실내근무자 직업군과 영향을 비교적 덜 받는 실외근무자 직업군을 비교하였다. 추정 결과, 금연법 강화로 95% 수준에서 유의하게 흡연율은 4.1%p 감소하였고, 흡연자 중 일평균 흡연 개비는 2.5개비 줄어든 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.164-176
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• 1998

This study deals with the current medical utilization for migrant workers and the characteristics of them. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic information to establish proper medical policy. For the study self-made questionnaire was used, which was answered by 453 migrant workers working in the area of manufacturing and non-technical work in 10 cities like Seoul, Inchon, Namyangju, Sungnam, Kwangju, Pyungchon, Kunpo, Kimpo, Masuk in Kyungki-do and Chunan in Chungchungnam-do. Besides, 303 medical records of those who had visited free medical check-up center were analyzed. The period of accumulating data is 6 months, from November 1st, 1996 to April 30th, 1997. The characteristics of migrant workers and current medical utilization are analyzed by percentage and the relation between characteristics and current medical utilization were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA. The finding of this study was as follows : 1) The number of nationality was 16. The first majority was Philippians as 32.0%. Among 16 nationalities Southeastern and Northern Asians were 48.9%, Southwestern Asian was 46.5%, the rest was 7.3%. Men were 81.0%, those who are aged from 26 to 30 were 39.0%, Graduatee from high school 92.7%, Christians 56.3%, unmarried 55.4% and salary from 600,000 Won to 800,000 Won 53.8% averaging monthly payment 669,810 Won. As for their residence, those who resided over 3 years were 31.9% and the illegal residence reached 77.4%. As for Korean language, those who speak in middle level were 5.6%. 2) As for kind of work and circumstances, manufacturing was 81.1%, 4 off-days per month 72.2% and 9-10 working hours per day 42.1%. As for accommodation, residence in fabric was 62.6% and one or two members as roommate 40.2%. 3) The characteristics of health behavior showed that 89.4% of migrant workers had 3 meals, 70.9% of them did not drink alcohol, 73.5% of them did not smoke. 4) As a characteristic of health status, 71.8% of them perceived of their health. 76.1% thought that they had no illness before coming Korea. Among them who recognized their illness, those who had problem in circulatory system was 35.3%, respiratory system ENT 19.1% and nervous system 19.1%.66.2% of those having illness had already had sickness when coming to Korea. 5) During last one month, 79.2% of them were known as ones having no illness. Among the sick, those who had problem in circulatory system was 31.6%, nervous system 23.7% and respiratory system 21.1%. 60.3% of the sick were not cured at that time. 6) Sorting the symptom of those who visited free medical check up, dental care was 24.2%, orthopedic 14.0% and digestive system 13.8%. Teethache was 34.4%, stomach problem 11.6%, upper respiratory inflammation 10.2% and back pain 5.9%. Averagely they visited free medical check up 1-2 times. According to symptom, epilepsy 25.5 times, heart and vascular disease 9 times, constipation 2.8%, neurosis 2.38 times and stomach problem 2.34 times. 7) The most frequently visited medical service by migrant workers was hospital. The most mentioned reason was good healing as 36.3%. The medical service satisfied migrant workers mostly was hospital as 64.3%. The reason of satisfaction was also good healing as 45.9%. 8) 77.2% of respondents did not spend money for medical check. Average monthly medical cost was 25,100 Won, 3.7% of income. Those who had no medical security was 73.4%. In their case, 67.7% got discount from hospital or support from working place and religious organization. 9) As for the difference of medical utilization according for the characteristics of migrant workers, legal workers and no-Korean speaker used hospital more frequently. 10) Those who were satisfied most of all with the service of hospital were female workers, hinduists and buddhists, legal workers or manufacture workers. 11) Christians, those who have 3 meals or recognize themselves as healthy ones mostly had no illness. As a result, the most of migrant workers in Korea are from Asia. They are good educated but are working in manufacturing and illegal. Their average income is under 700,000 Won which in not enough for medical cost. They have no medical security and medical fee is supported by religious organization or discounted. Considering these facts the medical policy by government is to be established.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.343-356
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• 1992

Authors studied the workers' knowledge about the health problems detected through the previous workers' periodic health examination, content of follow-up management ana actions taken for their health problem detected on previous health examination. From June to September 1992, workers' periodic health examination was peformed on workers employed in 10 companies located in 2 middle-sized Korean cities. A questionnaire survey was done far 150 workers who reported to have $D_2$ result of either hypertension or liver disorder at the previous workers' periodic health examination done in 1991. The results are as follows; 1. Of 160 workers who had $D_2$ result of either hypertension or liver disorder in previous examination one year before, only 85 workers(51.3%, 43 workers with hypertension, 38 workers with live disorder) responded that they have such disorders. The other 65 workers responded to questionnaire were all those with C results. Respondents' knowledge about their diagnoses was relatively precise (95.2% in hypertension group, 94.6% in liver disorder group) but knowledge about classification of diseases was poor. 2. The main efforts to solve the health problem nab self management (20 spells, 55.3%), visiting clinic or hospital(6 spells, 12.8%), use of herb medicine (2 spells, 4.3%) and use of drug store(2 spells, 4.3%) in hypertension group. In liver disorder group, 30 spells (71.4%) relied on self management,6 spells (14.3%) on hospital or clinic and 9 spells (21.4%) had no effort to improve the health problem. Content of self management was low salt diet, quit smoking, regular exercise and quit alcohol drinking in order. Avoidance of salt in diet was high in hypertension group and quitting alcohol drinking was high in liver disorder group. In those with self management, 80.7% of hypertension group and 83.3% of liver disorder group continued previous effort. Those, however, who utilized clinic or hospital, only 16.7% and 50.0% were still visiting hospital or clinic. 3. Fifty seven percent of hypertension group and 64.3% of liver disorder group was presently smoking,8.5% and 11.9% reduced smoking and 21.3% and 14.3% stopped smoking. Forty nine percent of hypertension group and 28.6% of liver disorder group was presently drinking. Reduced alcohol intake was reported in 29.8% and 40.5%, 12.8ole and 23.8% stopped alcohol drinking. Sixty six percent of hypertension group and 73.8% of liver disorder group did no regular exercise, but 12.8% and 11.9% of each group increased their physical exercise far last one year. Forty three percent of hypertension group and 38.l% of liver disorder group was overweight (defined by bodymass index greater or equal than 25). Reduced body Weight was reported in 17.2% and 16.7% of each group. Reduced dietary salt intake was high in hypertension group (51.5%). The study results suggest that follow-up management after workers' periodic health examination is not satisfactory. In order to improve this situation, adequate information on the result of the workers' periodic health examination should be distributed to each worker group with health education and counselling.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.3-18
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• 1992

This research was carried out on 1,017 production workers for four months from May to August, 1991, to search more effective management method of their health by grasping their knowledge and attitude on industrial health. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. As for general characteristics, 74.2% were male and 25.8% were female among the 1,017 workers. The two largest age groups were 30~39, 38.7%. As for education level, graduation from high school was 58.6%, 61.2% were married, 35.9% owned their house, and workers who worked more than 1 year less than 5 years was 52.9%, workers who worked 8 hours a day was 46.7%, the largest group income level was 60~69 thousand won 21.2%, and the degree of satisfaction with work was ordinary, 45.6%. 2. The degree of recognition concerning occupational diseases was 92.5% at a very high rate. Causes of occupational diseases under the present work field were in order of noise, dust, heavy metal. The largest group of the counterplan for prevention was an improvement of working environment, 62.0%. 3. The major cause that threatens worker's health was poor working environment, 31.4%. As the best method for workers' health management, working environment management was pointed. 4. As for health examination result, the response that it is of use to health management was 53.8%. As for examination method and result, 42.7% responded that they are formal. The practice period was more than once every six months as the largest group, and the highest desire for improvement was that they wants an exact information of the result. 5. 49.3% of the respondents know about the measurement of working environment an the response that the measurement is necessary to improve working environment was 57.9%, and that the results from the measurement were reflected on improvement an management 57.5%. Appropriate period to take a measurement was more than once per six months, 40.2% and per three months, 29.1%. 6. As for safety and halth instruction, 34.5% were educated for both, 38.2% for only safety education and just 4.6% for only health education. 51.9% responded that they had never been educated out of work place. The period of its practice was more than once a month, 39.5% and every three months, 21.3%. 7. The importance of safety and health showed that the one is equal to the other, 59.8%, that the one is more important, 29.6%, and that other is more important, 7.6%. 67.7% said the necessity of a safety and health manager. 8. In spite of more or less health obstacle of work environment, 14.9% of the respondents wanted to overwork to gain an allowance for over-time work, 39.9% didn't, and 40.2% according to condition and state. 9. As the most important cause of industrial accident, 40.2% indicated unsafe behavior. As for the individual protective instrument, 66.1% of all the respondents said they have worn it to protect industrial diseases. 10. As for the degree of understanding of the contents in Industrial Safety and Health Law and Industrial Law of Accident Insurance, an affirmative response was respectively 49.3% and 50.8% and the sources of safety-health information were televisions and radios, 28.0%. Therefore, it is necessary that we do positive working environmental improvement, continuous management and health education's inforcement to increase their health and prevent occupational diseases.