• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.90-100
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• 1975

The estimation of the pre-processing condition of oyster is of great importance for distributors and processors. This study was attempted to establish the basic data for evaluating the processing suitability of oyster, which is the most important shellfish for domestic use and export. The data were analysed by measuring the condition index, chemical composition and heavy metal content of oysters. In order to eliminate the manual work that has to be done on a tightly closed oyster shell and avoid shrinkage in the oyster meat which is attendant on the steaming process, chemical means to open oyster were examined. finding the method of pretreatment of polyphosphate for frozen oysters were attempted to improve the product quality. The prevention of undesirable color change of the canned oyster meat is another problem to solve. The important results are as follows : 1. The ratio of meat volume and meat weight to the holding capacity by shells may be useful as an index to measure the condition index of oysters. 2. As a whole, monthly changes of moisture and fat content in oysters were reversely correlated. Protein content slightly decreased from April and rapidly decreased in July, and again rapidly increased in August but from September to November decreased slightly. In April, the content of glycogen was 4 percent. From this period to September, glycogen was rapidly decreased. From July to September, it was only 0. 7 to 1 percent but increased from October. There were little seasonal changes in pH value. The pH value of oyster meat was 6.0 to 6.2. The crude ash content was slightly decreased from June to August. 3. The range of monthly change of heavy metal content are as follows: Total mercury was 0 to 0.019 ppm, cadmium was 0.026 to 0.053 ppm, copper was 0.111 to 0.594 ppm, and lead_was 0.061 to 0.581 ppm. 4. By the results of condition index, chemical composition and heavy metal content of oysters, the suitable harvest season as raw materials for processing was the end of December to the end of May of next year. 5. The pretreatment of 10 percent polyphosphate in 5 percent salt solution of oyster meat appeared effective to reduce thawing drip during cold storage. 6. The pretreatment of $Na_2EDTA$ and BHA did not show the color prevention effect to the canned oyster meat during storage. 7. Magnesium chloride affected to open the valves of oysters.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.7
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• pp.89-195
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• 1980

The advanced developing countries including Korea are assumed to have reached a developmental stage which necessitates them to formulate and implement a plan for a national information network. Most of the governments in the advanced developing countries are well aware of the necessity for such a plan and some of them have actually commenced their studies on the feasibility of a national network of their own hoping to achieve maximum utility of their limited information resources. Two urgent problems facing planners in the design of a national information network are identified. One is lack of an optimum organisational model to enable them to meet their own situations, and the other is lack of a guideline to help designers evaluate the alternative structures and models when they are available. In resolving these two problems, network planners in the advanced developing countries would benefit from the achievement of the objectives of the present study. The major objective is to elicit and describe common information needs, desires and value of the people using information, and other common factors which are responsible for the present information services in the advanced developing countries and which have implications for the basic structure of the national information network. The value of this study is to aid administrators in Korea and those in the other advanced developing countries who are responsible for making national policies and who are now beginning to recognise the need for information services with the planning of economic and social development so as to enable all the groups in the community to have access to the information which are essential for decision making, research work, studies and even for recreational reading. This recognition will hopefully give them a rational basis for formulating right policies on information services. The methodology utlised for collecting the required data in this study falls under the category of observation and largely consists of the two techniques: literature review and postal questionnaire. Background information on the individual advanced developing: countries was gathered from monographic and periodical literature. and country reports presented at the various international conferences were analysed for other relevant data. For most of the data needed for the present study, a questionnaire on 'Library and Information Services as They Are Available in the Selected Countries' was formulated. This questionnaire was designed to be completed without help, by an expert who was well informed of the library and information services in his or her country. The questionnaire was intended to look in details at what information services in the advanced developing countries were doing-whom they were serving, in what way, and how well and establish to what extent they were meeting the nation's information requirements. It was also intended to ascertain the respondents' ideas on possible future developments in information provision in their countries, that is, in the advanced devanced developing countries. The questionnaire was posted to a total of 63 natinal librarians, directors of national information centres and those of other major libraries or information centres in 21 selected countries. Complete usable responses were received from 34 persons in 14 countries. In order to identify common characteristics of the information needs and desires in the advanced developing countries and the present situation of the information services to meet them, and the requirements and constraints peculiar to those countries which bought to be considered in the design of a national information network for advanced developing countries, an individual report on the current status of information activities for each of the fourteen countries chosen for this study, was presented. The procedure used was to arrange the data acquired in the questionnaire responses and other sources, in the form of fifteen country reports to be summarised by cross-section characteristics later.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2008

Purpose: We are trying to analyze 130 patients' conditions by using our Helical Tomotherapy, which was installed in our center in Oct. 2007. We will be statistically approach this examination and analyze so that we will be able to figure out adaptive plans according to the change in place of the tumor, GTV (gross tumor volume), total amount of time it took, vector (${\upsilon}=\surd$x2+y2+z2) and the change in size of the tumor. Materials and Methods: Objectives were the patients who were medicated with Tomotherapy in our medical center since Oct. 2007 August 2008. The Average age of the patients were 53 years old (Minimum 25 years old, Maximum 83 years old). The parts of the body we operated were could be categorized as Head&neck (n=22), Chest (n=47), Abdomen (n=25), Pelvis (n=11), Bone (n=25). MVCT had acted on 2702 times, and also had acted on our adaptive plan toward patients who showed big difference in the size of tumor. Also, after equalizing our gained MVCT and kv-CT we checked up on the range of possible mistake, using x, y, z, roll and vector. We've also investigated on Set-up, MVCT, average time of operation and target volume. Results: Mean time on table was 22.8 minutes. Mean treatment time was 13.26 minutes. Mean correction (mm) was X=-0.7, Y=-1.4, Z=5.77, roll=0.29, vector=8.66 Head&neck patients had 2.96 mm less vector value in movement than patients of Chest, Abdomen, Bone. In increasing order, Head&neck, Bone, Abdomen, Chest, Pelvis showed the vector value in movement. Also, there were 27 patients for adaptive plan, 39 patients, who had long or multiple tumor. We could know that When medical treatment is one cure plan, it takes 32 minutes, and when medical treatment is two cure plan, it takes 40 minutes that one medical treatment takes 21 minutes, and the other medical treatment takes 19 minutes. Conclusion:With our basic tools, we could bring more accurate IMRT with MVCT. Also, through our daily image, we checked up on the change in tumor so that adaptive plan could work. It was made it possible to take the cure of long or multiple tumor, the cure in a nearby OAR, and the complicated cure that should make changes of gradient dose distribution.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2014

Budget for social welfare social welfare with a sharp increase in business is to be expanded in various fields. At this point, do the social welfare policies of local governments and assistance projects supported by the Seoul Metropolitan Government's justification and rationale for concluding that we need clarity, and welfare economics point of this study is related to social welfare spending budget and other areas in Seoul quantitative effects of the economic effects were investigated. Social welfare policy for the achievement of corporate and personal consumption spending behavior is continuously and directly or indirectly derived thereby, and Seoul Industry Input-Output Tables in this study to re-create the social welfare spending as the economic effects of production, value added, employment, work and how do you contribute to the quantitative estimation of suggested. Municipal social welfare spending in Seoul by the annual production of 10.02 trillion won sikimyeo caused, directly or indirectly Article 6 billion in 4936 to spread the value was analyzed. In addition, employment and 203,430.3 132,992.3 people letting people was estimated to generate employment. These results suggest that social welfare spending and social spending in the atmosphere is recognized as a social and financial pressures caused controversy at the present time factor in the welfare sector and the government's social welfare policy in Seoul, intervention and support and assistance of the the validity of the justification debate eventually be supported through empirical analysis depends on whether we believe in, and for this study it as a basis for presenting the fundamental study has its significance. In addition, Korea is not a welfare budget is spent volatile social and economic impact on a variety of industries that derive a significant number were found in this study, continued political support and social consensus through research is needed.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.215-228
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• 2011

To establish the organic cultivation of pepper using green manure crops, this work studied the growth characteristics and yield of green manure crops, mineral composition of green manure crops, mineral uptake in shoots of green manure crops, chemical composition in soil of green manure crops, and the growth characteristics and yield of pepper in vinyl house. Shoot dry weight of green manure crops was higher level in Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum than in Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max. Also, the roots were spread deeply into soil in Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum. Density of root-knot nematodes in rhizosphere of green manure crops was significantly more decrease in Crotalaria juncea and Sorghum than in Glycine max and Sorghum bicolor. Total nitrogen and CaO content of green manure crops was significantly higher in Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max than in Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum. $K_2O$ content was significantly higher in Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum than in Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max. MgO content was not significant difference at all green manure crops. Cations content ratio of $K_2O$ : CaO : MgO was 3.4 : 1.4 : 1. Total nitrogen uptake in shoots of green manure crops was high level in Glycine max, Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum compared with in Crotalaria juncea. $K_2O$ and MgO uptake was significantly higher in Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum than in Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max. Value of pH in soil of green manure crops was more increase in Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max than in Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum and control, but after cultivation of pepper pH in soil was recovered with initial soil pH before seeding of green manure crops. EC value in control, green manure crops, and pepper cultivation decreased by 44%, 15~18%, and 38~61% level, respectively, compared with initial soil of green manure crops treatment. K content in soil of control, Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max cultivation was increased by 14%, but the K content in soil of Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum decreased by 24~38%. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil of Crotalaria juncea and Sorghum bicolor decreased by 11%, but CEC in soil of Glycine max, Sorghum and control increased by 11%. Harvest fruit yield was higher in Crotalaria juncea, Glycine max, and Sorghum bicolor cultivation than in control and Sorghum.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 2010

Most of the researches about classification usually have used kNN(k-Nearest Neighbor), SVM(Support Vector Machine), which are known as learn-based model, and Bayesian classifier, NNA(Neural Network Algorithm), which are known as statistics-based methods. However, there are some limitations of space and time when classifying so many web pages in recent internet. Moreover, most studies of classification are using uni-gram feature representation which is not good to represent real meaning of words. In case of Korean web page classification, there are some problems because of korean words property that the words have multiple meanings(polysemy). For these reasons, LSA(Latent Semantic Analysis) is proposed to classify well in these environment(large data set and words' polysemy). LSA uses SVD(Singular Value Decomposition) which decomposes the original term-document matrix to three different matrices and reduces their dimension. From this SVD's work, it is possible to create new low-level semantic space for representing vectors, which can make classification efficient and analyze latent meaning of words or document(or web pages). Although LSA is good at classification, it has some drawbacks in classification. As SVD reduces dimensions of matrix and creates new semantic space, it doesn't consider which dimensions discriminate vectors well but it does consider which dimensions represent vectors well. It is a reason why LSA doesn't improve performance of classification as expectation. In this paper, we propose new LSA which selects optimal dimensions to discriminate and represent vectors well as minimizing drawbacks and improving performance. This method that we propose shows better and more stable performance than other LSAs' in low-dimension space. In addition, we derive more improvement in classification as creating and selecting features by reducing stopwords and weighting specific values to them statistically.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.253-260
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• 2006

As media and product became variety, the propensity of the people is be coming various. From diversity, there we could search for some popularity is called 'the mania.' When Mania takes shape, the product will being longer even masses in these days only have short-term life. Also there are hundreds of animations that has short-term life whom people forgot everyday they watch. However, the animations could lasting its value which has the Mania. This thesis is a studies on the constitution of Mania from animation 'Fullmetal Alchemist's Character The BONES had made. We can learn that the audience were not just like the animation, but get crazy for it by comparing Japanese animation industry in those days; before it has been shrinking and manufacturing various contents from Fullmetal Alchemist means there is enough consumtions. There are many reasons to form Mania group, but specially the character symbols at the works as a whole. From this study is to know a cause of how the animation 'Fullmetal Alchemist' made huge Mania group, and significance value of the work those group left.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.33-41
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyse the state of the energy industry and to determine the efficiency of its functioning on the basis of energy conservation principle and application of innovative technologies aimed at improving the ecological modernisation of agricultural sectors of Kazakhstan. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach of financial and economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the investment project, based on calculation of elasticity, total costs and profitability, as well as on comparative, graphical and system analysis. The current stage is characterised by widely spread restructuring processes of electric power industry in many countries through introduction of new technical installations of energy facilities and increased government regulation in order to enhance the competitive advantage of electricity market. Electric power industry features a considerable value of creating areas. For example, by providing scientific and technical progress, it crucially affects not only the development but also the territorial organisation of productive forces, first of all the industry. In modern life, more than 90% of electricity and heat is obtained by Kazakhstan's economy by consuming non-renewable energy resources: different types of coal, oil shale, oil, natural gas and peat. Therefore, it is significant to ensure energy security, as the country faces a rapid fall back to mono-gas structure of fuel and energy balance. However, energy resources in Kazakhstan are spread very unevenly. Its main supplies are concentrated in northern and central parts of the republic, and the majority of consumers of electrical power live in the southern and western areas of the country. However, energy plays an important role in the economy of industrial production and to a large extent determines the level of competitive advantage, which is a promising condition for implementation of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies. In these circumstances, issues of modernisation and reforms of this sector in Kazakhstan gain more and more importance, which can be seen in the example of economically sustainable solutions of a large local monopoly company, significant savings in capital investment and efficiency of implementation of an investment project. A major disadvantage of development of electricity distribution companies is the prevalence of very high moral and physical amortisation of equipment, reaching almost 70-80%, which significantly increases the operating costs. For example, while an investment of 12 billion tenge was planned in 2009 in this branch, in 2012 it is planned to invest more than 17 billion. Obviously, despite the absolute increase, the rate of investment is still quite low, as the total demand in this area is at least more than 250 billion tenge. In addition, industrial infrastructure, including the objects of Kazakhstan electric power industry, have a tangible adverse impact on the environment. Thus, since there is a large number of various power projects that are sources of electromagnetic radiation, the environment is deteriorated. Hence, there is a need to optimise the efficiency of the organisation and management of production activities of energy companies, to create and implement new technologies, to ensure safe production and provide solutions to various environmental aspects. These are key strategic factors to ensure success of the modern energy sector of Kazakhstan. The contribution of authors in developing the scope of this subject is explained by the fact that there was not enough research in the energy sector, especially in the view of ecological modernisation. This work differs from similar works in Kazakhstan in the way that the proposed method of investment project calculation takes into account the time factor, which compares the current and future value of profit from the implementation of innovative equipment that helps to bring it to actual practise. The feasibility of writing this article lies in the need of forming a public policy in the industrial sector, including optimising the structure of energy disbursing rate, which complies with the terms of future modernised development of the domestic energy sector.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 1989

For the effective utilization of anchovy as a food source, this work was undertaken the com-parison in food quality of anchovy snacks and its changes during storage at room temperature ($24\pm4^{\circ}C$). Chopped anchovy was mixed with soft flour($340.0\%$, w/w), corn starch($10.0\%$, w/w), sodium chloride($2.5\%$, w/w), monosodium glutamate($0.1\%$, w/w), sodium bicarbonate ($2.5\%$, w/w), water($5.6\%$, w/w), onion powder($0.3\%$, w/w), garlic powder($0.3\%$, w/w), red pepper powder($0.3\%$, w/w) and sodium erythorbate($0.2\%$, w/w), The mixture were rolled, aged, co沇ed, dried and finally parched or deep-fried at $190\pm10^{\circ}C$. The anchovy snacks were packed in the casted polypropylene film bag ($16cm{\times}14cm$), The changes in moisture contents, water activity, pH, volatile basic nitrogen, contents of amino acid and color values of products were negligible during storage. The results of TBA value and peroxide value showed that lipid oxidation can be retarded by adding antioxidant and spices. Judging from contents of amino acid and mineral, the products were more nutritive than the sold shrimp snack on the market. From the results of sensory evaluation and chemical experiments, the product prepared with sodium erythorbate could be preserved in good quality during storage of 120 days.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.287-296
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• 2007

The experimental work was conducted to determine the growth characteristics and yield of whole crop rice (cv. Suwon 468 and cv. Chuchungbeo) and soil properties using various type of livestock manure application on rice paddy land for 3 years ($2003{\sim}3005$). Compared Suwon 468 and Chuchungbeo, Suwon 468 has longer plant height and more DM yield than that of Chuchungbeo. Among livestock manure type, plant height was longer in order of liquid swine manure (LSM) > composted swine manure (CSM) > chemical fertilizer (CF) > composted cattle manure (CCM). Number of branch on Chuchungbeo had more than that of Suwon 468. Among livestock manure type, number of branch had more in order of LSM > CSM > CF > CCM. DM yield of whole crop rice (WCR) was affected by various types of livestock manure application and increased in order CSM > CCM = LSM. DM yield on the effects of application level of LSM was highest in LSM 75% + CF 25%. Plant diseases such as rice blast, damage by insect, smut, sheath blight occurred in LSM and CSM and there was not significantly different among application level of LSM. The nitrogen content of WCR by CSM was the highest of all treatments and the ripened ratio by CSM was in contrary order. Moreover the feed value of WCR was not significantly different among treatments. Soil pH, organic matter and total nitrogen was not different by LSM application whereas phosphorus content increased by LSM application. Cu and Zn content increased by LSM and CSM application and were not different by CCM as compared to control plots.