• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.13-19
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• 2012

The Earth's surface temperature still continues to rise, and extreme weather phenomena such as heat waves, drought, and precipitation have been repeated every year. It is reported that international communities attribute the main cause of the Earth's surface temperature rise to the excessive use of the fossil energy. Recently, the damage caused by climate change is getting worse, and the place where we live is suffering the most. Cities have been continuously growing not only meeting the basic functions of human habitation, work and leisure but also being places for various economic and social activities. But Cities, the victims of climate change, have grown only considering human needs and convenience rather than predicting their physical and ecological systems(Albedo effects, urban microclimate, resources and energy of the circulatory system, etc). In other words, the cities offer the cause of the problems of climate change, and even worsen the extreme weather phenomena without coping with them. Therefore, it is urgent priorities to protect the climate, to prevent the causes of the extreme weather phenomena and to enhance the adaptive capacity for the worse weather events. This study is to derive the concept for adapting to these climate changes which can make cities escape from exposure to these climate change impacts and make themselves safer places to live. And it analyzes some European cities and present developing models to implement planning methods. In this study, the concept of the climate adaptive cities will be suggested to prepare the adaptation measures for urban planners, and climate change adaptation models will be presented by analyzing some preliminary cases.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2016

The relevant ministries, including the Ministry of Environment in Korea, provided Post-2020 Long-term Mitigation Target and Implementation Plan. The plan consisted of four Business As Usual (BAU) reduction levels by 14.7%, 19.2%, 25.7%, and 31.3% until 2030. The Korean government finalized the mitigation target of 37%. But all the initial alternatives were below the goal, 30% from BAU, that has been promised to the international community as well as set out in the Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth. In order to achieve a specific goal, performance management should pursue "Justify doing the right things." Otherwise, performance management would not work properly. According to Kingdon's Policy Stream Framework, abnormal alternatives are difficult to be presented as scenarios because alternative building should focus on the role of the need to adhere to the basic principles and professionals. Such a result is possible only when the policy actors does not balance themselves. Performance management statistics has been analyzed by 6 years CCPI data since 2011, taking into account the impact after enactment. This study also has been complemented by a variety of sources, including the media, documents, and artifacts during the period. As a result, raising awareness about climate change was analyzed as one of the solutions because the climate change issue affects the normal performance management throughout the life of the people to stay linked to the environment.

• Architectural research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.117-124
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• 2012

High rise office buildings represent one of the most energy-intensive architectural typologies. The growth of urban population necessitates sustainable high rise towers that lessen environmental impacts and energy consumption. Among various sustainable strategies, the integrated design is long known to be an important process that has great impact on building's sustainability. The framework for this paper is based on the case study of integrated towers that are located in different climate zones. The paper specifically addresses to what extent climate conditions influence the design of a high rise building and what kinds of the climate integrated design has been implemented. Qualitative case studies were carried out using published data and architectural drawing set. The technical work presented in the paper is based on computer simulation that examines the insolation analysis using hourly recorded weather data. The analysis results revealed that the site and building envelope integration and the site and building service systems have shown the most frequently employed in the integrated towers through the implementation of renewable resource integration, high performance envelopes and sustainable building service systems. Internal comfort and further energy saving in the integrated towers are offered through an automatic building management system. Due to the dynamic climate conditions, integration of building systems requires a sophisticated approach to building sustainability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.109-115
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of safety-aisle on the safety climate, safety leadership, safety behavior, work loading and perceived accident risk in the small sawmilling industry. We distributed a questionnaire that measured various demographic variables, safety related variables by mail to 200 sawmilling companies. Finally 59 managers' and 129 workers' questionnaires were used for data analysis. An independent t-test was conducted to identify significant mean differences of safety related variables between safety-aisle installed and non-installed companies. Results indicated that mean differences of safety climate and safety behavior between safety-aisle installed and non-installed companies were significant. However, mean differences of safety leadership, work loading and perceived risk were not significant at the p < .05 level. Based on these results, the implications of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.278-286
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• 2012

Objectives: Authors investigated the pattern of the rate of occupational injuries and illnesses (ROII) at the level of enterprises in order to build a network for exchange of experience and knowledge, which would contribute to workers' safety and health through safety climate of workplace. Methods: Occupational accidents were analyzed at the manufacturing work site unit. A two step clustering process for the past patterns regarding the ROII from 2001 to 2009 was investigated. The ROII patterns were categorized based on regression analysis and the patterns were further divided according to the subtle changes with Mahalanobis distance and Ward's linkage. Results: The first clustering of ROII through regression analysis showed 5 different functions; 29 work sites of the linear function, 50 sites of the quadratic function, 95 sites of the logarithm function, 62 sites of the exponential function, and 54 sites of the sine function. Fourteen clusters were created in the second clustering. There were 3 clusters in each function categorized in the first clustering except for sine function. Each cluster consisted of the work sites with similar ROII patterns, which had unique characteristics. Conclusion: The five different patterns of ROII suggest that tailored management activities should be applied to every work site. Based on these differences, the authors selected exemplary work sites and built a network to help the work sites to share information on safety climate and accident prevention measures. The causes of different patterns of ROII, building network and evaluation of this management model should be evaluated as future researches.

• Atmosphere
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.213-227
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• 2005

The global mean surface temperature has already increased by $0.6{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ over the last century, and warming in Korea is approximately twice as large as the global average. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that the majority of warming over the past 50 years could be attributed to human activities (IPCC, 2001a). In addition, the global surface temperature is expected to increase by 1.4 to $5.8^{\circ}C$ depending on the greenhouse gas emission scenarios during the $21^{st}$ century.Climate change resulting from increased greenhouse gas concentrations has the potential to harm societies and ecosystems. Reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases and their concentration in the atmosphere will reduce the degree and likelihood of significant adverse conditions due to the anticipated climate change. Mitigation policy has generally been the primary focus of public attention and policy efforts on climate change. However, some degree of climate change is inevitable due to the combination of continued increases in emissions and the inertia of the global climate system. Adaptation actions and strategies are needed for a complementary approach to mitigation. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) currently addresses vulnerability and adaptation in the context of climate change negotiations and in future adaptation may be an important element of work under the Kyoto Protocol. There are several on-going programs to develop effective adaptation strategies and their implementation. But in general, many other countries are still on an initiating stage. The climate change science programs of the United States, Japan, England, and Germany are initiated to understand the current status of climate change science and adaptation researches in the developed countries. In this study, we propose the improvement on systems in policy and research aspects to effectively perform the necessary functions for development of nation-wide adaptation measures and their implementation. In policy aspect, the Korean Panel on Climate Change (KPCC) is introduced as a coordinating mechanism between government organizations related with climate change science, impact assessment and adaptation. Also in research aspect, there is a strong consensus on the need for construction of a national network on climate change research as trans-disciplinary research network.

• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2007

The station relocations, the replacement of instruments, and the change of a procedure for calculating derived climatic quantities from observations are well-known nonclimatic factors that seriously contaminate the worthwhile results in climate study. Prior to embarking on the climatological analysis, therefore, the quality and homogeneity of the utilized data sets should be properly evaluated with metadata. According to the metadata of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), there have been plenty of changes in the procedure computing the daily mean values of temperature, humidity, etc, since 1904. For routine climatological work, it is customary to compute approximate daily mean values for individual days from values observed at fixed hours. In the KMA, fixed hours were totally 5 times changed: at four-hourly, four-hourly interval with additional 12 hour, eight-hourly, six-hourly, three-hourly intervals. In this paper, the homogeneity in the daily mean temperature dataset of the KMA was assessed with the consistency and efficiency of point estimators. We used the daily mean calculated from the 24 hourly readings as a potential true value. Approximate daily means computed from temperatures observed at different fixed hours have statistically different properties. So this inhomogeneity in KMA climate data should be kept in mind if you want to analysis secular aspects of Korea climate using this data set.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

In recent years, many research revealed plant-insect interactions are becoming unstable because of climate change, human activities and grazing effect. In this work, it is aimed to disclose that how climate of two different years is influencing on insect community at certain locality in Mongolia. The data on the insect community are collected, covering full flowering season from June to August in 2014 and 2015. In order to include all species of insects in Udleg Station, data was collected in three different sites. One of them was around edge of forest, another one was in ungrazed area or inside the fence that has been kept for more than 9 years and last one was in grazed area. Weather was a perceptible difference during two year's study. This climate differences significantly influenced on the insect community. In 2014, overall 305 insect species were recorded, in which 124 insect species in order of Diptera, 44 in Lepidoptera, 33 in Coleoptera, 31 in Hemiptera, and 73 in Hymenoptera were determined. But in 2015, these number of species noticeably decreased, and total 150 insect species were recorded, in which 58 in Diptera, 26 in Lepidoptera, 13 in Coleoptera, 12 in Hemiptera, and 41 in Hymenoptera were determined.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.53-65
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the factors related to clinical nurses' organizational socialization, process and to find out the strategic information for successful organizational socialization. Methods : Data were collected with a structured questionnaires from 300 clinical nurses. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results : First, the average score for the organizational socialization($2.95{\pm}0.37$), organization climate($3.28{\pm}0.43$), autonomy($3.23{\pm}0.43$), role stress($3.21{\pm}0.56$), professional self-concept($3.19{\pm}0.46$), organization value internalization($3.11{\pm}0.59$), and perceptional justice($2.91{\pm}0.50$). Second, influencing factor of organizational socialization of the participant were organizational climate, role stress, professional self-concept, Job esteem, Living arrangement type, collaboration between medical professionals in hospital, the other hospital work experience, role model or Mentor, total hospital career, perceived health status, spouse, perceptional justice, Adjusted $R^2=.702$. Conclusions : These results suggest that organizational socialization of clinical nurses could be enhanced by organizational climate. Thus creating a positive organizational climate are mandated for clinical nurses to have constructive organizational socialization.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.326-330
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• 2016

Background: The Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire-50 (NOSACQ-50) was developed by a team of Nordic occupational safety researchers based on safety climate and psychological theories. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Persian version of NOSACQ-50 and assess the score of safety climate on a group of workers in a steel company in Iran. Methods: The Persian version of NOSACQ-50 was distributed among 661 employees of a steel company in Qazvin Province (Iran). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the dimensions of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient. Pearson correlation test was applied to investigate the correlation between different dimensions. Results: The results of EFA showed that the Persian version of NOSACQ-50 consisted of six dimensions. The Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.94. The mean score of safety climate in all dimensions was 2.89 (standard deviation 0.60). Conclusion: The Persian version of NOSACQ-50 had a satisfactory validity for measuring safety climate in the studied Iranian population.