• Title/Summary/Keyword: Word of Mouth Effect

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Determinants of Customers' Information Engagement and the Moderating Effect of Involvement: Focused on WOM and Cooperation (고객 정보참여 행동의 결정요인과 관여의 조절역할: 구전과 협조를 중심으로)

  • Yi, Youjae;Lee, Soo Jin
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.13-40
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of customers' information engagement, the behavior pattern from WOM to cooperation, and the moderator in the behavior pattern. The proposed three determinants, boundary personnel's citizenship behavior, satisfaction, and commitment were significant antecedents to WOM, but not to cooperation. The path coefficient from WOM to cooperation was significant and hereby the voluntary level of cooperation was found as a higher level of voluntary behavior than WOM. Additionally, the path from WOM to cooperation was moderated by customer involvement, as the path coefficients from WOM to cooperation varied by the level of involvement.

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The Effects of One-Sided vs. Two-Sided Review Valence on Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM): The Moderating Role of Sponsorship Presence

  • Park, Jihye;Yi, Youjae;Kang, Dawon
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 2019
  • Prior studies on the effects of online consumer reviews have mainly focused on review valence, but little research has investigated how two-sided (both positive and negative) and one-sided (only positive) reviews influence consumers' response to online review. In addition, little attention has been paid to how sponsorship presence (firm-sponsored reviews vs. consumer-voluntary reviews) influences individuals' attitude toward online review. Unlike consumer-voluntary reviews without any monetary incentive, firm-sponsored reviews include messages about brands providing monetary compensation. This study examines whether review valence (two-sidedness vs. one-sidedness) influences attitude toward online review via its influence on review credibility. Further, this study examines whether sponsorship presence affects when review valence influences attitude toward review. Thus, this research investigates the effect of review valence on attitude toward review and the moderating role of sponsorship presence in the relationship between review valence and attitude toward review. The first experiment reveals that attitude toward review is more favorable when the review is two-sided (vs. one-sided). The second study demonstrates that differences between the two-sided and the one-sided review occur only for firm-sponsored reviews, not for consumer-voluntary reviews. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

A Study on the Factors affecting Passengers'Impulsive Decision Making Behavior in Food and Beverage Restaurant in Airports (공항 식음료 매장에서 공항이용객의 충동구매행동에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 연구)

  • Ko, Dong-Han;Kim, Geun-Su;Kim, Yong-Bum
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.69-80
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that affect menu navigation time and consumer trust in food and beverage(F&B) restaurants to analyze the menu's effect on impulse buying behavior. Based on the results of the analysis, this paper derives theoretical and practical implications to improve the growth and development of F&B restaurants located in airports. According to empirical analysis, it was proven menu browsing time has been found to strongly influence passengers' impulsive order behavior. A passenger with a strong "consumption ability" navigates the menu for a longer period, which increases the likelihood of impulsive purchases. Service appeal also has a significant influence on menu navigation time. Third-party certification did not appear to help build passenger confidence, thus yielding contradictory results compared to previous studies. Word of mouth had the strongest influence on trust formation. Finally, when passengers were satisfied with the menu items of F&B restaurants they had previously ordered, they tended to believe that the menu items they had not tried would also be good. In sum, impulsive menu orders have a direct impact on the profitability of F&B restaurants.

Netflix in Indonesia: Influential Factors on Customer Engagement among Millennials' Subscribers

  • AUDITYA, Annisa;HIDAYAT, Z.
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.89-103
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This study is to explore how Netflix Customers' Engagement was influenced by Instagram Content, Perceived Price, Exclusivity, and Motivation in the context of Media Streaming and the role of Willingness to Subscribe as the mediating variable. This study underlines millennial's willingness to engage and the form of engagement. Research design, data, and methodology: The data for this research were collected from 100 Netflix's Millennials subscribers who follow @netflixid Instagram. All the results were analyzed and verified using SEM-PLS. Results: Research findings indicated that Willingness to Subscribe, Exclusivity, Motivation, and Instagram Content positively influenced Customer Engagement among Netflix millennials' subscribers. In contrast, Perceived Price had a negative effect on Customer Engagement. Conclusions: As a consequence, the exclusivity that Netflix offers to its audience by a recommendation algorithm has been proven to increase the engagement. This study also disclosed that the most definite form of positive engagement shown by Netflix millennials' subscribers is a behavioral aspect, where they positively recommend Netflix (word of mouth). The study findings can be a reference for the media streaming industry in their efforts to strengthen the engagement with their customers, especially the millennials, and provide knowledge about consumer behavior in digital technology.

A Study on the Marketing Effectiveness of the Student Assistants Activities in the School Library (학교도서관의 도서반 활동이 학생들에게 미치는 마케팅 효과 분석 연구)

  • Choi, Yeyun;Kim, Giyeong
    • Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.143-165
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    • 2017
  • This study aims to examine the effect of students' library after-school activities on the students and the school library from a marketing perspective and to recommend marketing strategies for school libraries. For the purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted at nine middle schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, and a series of statistical analyses with the survey data was performed in order for hypothesis testing. The results suggest that the effects of the school library marketing including customer loyalty were influenced by the student assistants' activities such as internal and experiential marketing factors. Furthermore, the activities of student library assistants can be linked to word-of-mouth marketing. Based on the results, ways to use student assistants in school library marketing are suggested.

The Mediating Effect of Experiential Value on Customers' Perceived Value of Digital Content: China's Anti-virus Program Market (경험개치대소비자대전자내용적인지개치적중개영향(经验价值对消费者对电子内容的认知价值的中介影响): 중국살독연건시장(中国杀毒软件市场))

  • Jia, Weiwei;Kim, Sae-Bum
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.219-230
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    • 2010
  • Digital content makes big changes to our daily lives while bringing opportunities and challenges for companies. Creative firms integrate pictures, texts, videos, audios, and data by digitalization to develop new products or services and create digital experiences to promote their brands. Most articles on digital content contribute to the basic concept or development of marketing it in literature. Actually, compared with traditional value chains for common products or services, the digital content industry seems to have more potential value. Because quite a bit of digital content is free to the consumer, price is not necessarily perceived as an indicator of the quality or value of information (Rowley 2008). It becomes evident that a current theme in digital content is the issue of "value," and research on customers' perceived value of digital content is a necessity. This article argues that experiential value has an advantage in customers' evaluations of digital content. Two different but related contributions to the understanding of "value" of digital content are made here. First, based on the comparison of digital content with products and services, the article proposes two key characteristics that make experiential strategy available for digital content: intangibility and near-zero reproduction cost. On top of that, based on the discussion of the gap between company's idealized value and customer's perceived value, this article emphasizes that digital content prices and pricing of digital content is different from products and services. As a result of intangibility, prices may not reflect customer value. Moreover, the cost of digital content in the development stage may be very high while reproduction costs shrink dramatically. Moreover, because of the value gap mentioned before, the pricing polices vary for different digital contents. For example, flat price policy is generally used for movies and music (Magiera 2001; Netherby 2002), while for continuous demand, digital content such as online games and anti-virus programs involves a more complicated matter of utility and competitive price levels. Digital content companies have to explore various kinds of strategies to overcome this gap. Rethinking marketing solutions such as advertisements, images, and word-of-mouth and their effect on customers' perceived value becomes essential. China's digital content industry is becoming more and more globalized and drawing special attention from different countries and regions that have respective competitive advantages. The 2008-2009 Annual Report on the Development of China's Digital Content Industry (CCIDConsulting 2009) indicates that, with the driven power of domestic demand and governmental policy support, the country's digital content industry maintained a fast growth of some 30 percent in 2008, obviously indicating the initial stage of industry expansion. In China, anti-virus programs and other software programs which need to be updated use a quarter-based pricing policy. Customers can download a trial version for free and use it for six months or a year. If they want to use it longer, continuous payment is needed. They examine the excellence of the digital content during this trial period and decide whether to pay for continued usage. For China’s music and movie industries, as a result of initial development, experiential strategy has not been much applied, even though firms in other countries find the trial experience and explore important strategies(such as customers listening to music for several seconds for free before downloading it). For the above reasons, anti-virus program may be a representative for digital content industry in China and an exploratory study of the advantage of experiential value in customer's perceived value of digital content is done in the anti-virus market of China. In order to enhance the reliability of the survey data, this study focused on people who were experienced users of anti-virus programs. The empirical results revealed that experiential value has a positive effect on customers' perceived value of digital content. In other words, because digital content is intangible and the reproduction costs are nearly zero, customers' evaluations are based heavily on their experience. Moreover, image and word-of-mouth do not have a positive effect on perceived value, only on experiential value. That is to say, a digital content value chain is different from that of a general product or service. Experiential value has a notable advantage and mediates the effect of image and word-of-mouth on perceived value. The results of this study help provide an understanding of why free digital content downloads exist in developing countries. Customers can perceive the value of digital content only by using and experiencing it. This is also why such governments support the development of digital content. Other developing countries whose digital content business is also in the beginning stage can make use of the suggestions here. Moreover, based on the advantage of experiential strategy, companies should make more of an effort to invest in customers' experience. As a result of the characteristics and value gap of digital content, customers perceive more value in the intangible digital content only by experiencing what they really want. Moreover, because of the near-zero reproduction costs, companies can perhaps use experiential strategy to enhance customer understanding of digital content.

An Empirical Analysis of Doppelgänger Brand Image Effects: Focused on the Internet Community (도플갱어 브랜드 이미지 효과에 대한 실증적 분석: 인터넷 커뮤니티를 중심으로)

  • Cho, Hyuk Jun;Kim, Sung Guen;Kang, Ju Young
    • The Journal of Information Systems
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.21-51
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    • 2017
  • Recently there have been an increasing number of companies suffering a negative brand image in the major media. Thompson et al. (2006) defined this as "$Doppelg{\ddot{a}}nger$ Brand Image." The images mentioned above have been created and propagated on Internet communities, which are one of the major paths of online spreading. This study will empirically analyze the effect of each $Doppelg{\ddot{a}}nger$ brand image on the customer's brand attitude, using a text-mining method focusing on "A company"'s case. This study will also cover the change in customer brand attitudes related to the company's correspondence in a situation in which the $Doppelg{\ddot{a}}nger$ brand image exists. In addition, the study will determine the presence of a priming effect after the spread of the $Doppelg{\ddot{a}}nger$ brand image. To that end, we collected 974 comments from 94,889 posts and A's official blogs related to A from B community, the largest automobile community site in Korea. Through this investigation, we obtained the following results. First, there was a significant difference in the ratio of negative sentiment of internet community before and after $Doppelg{\ddot{a}}nger$ brand image. Second, with regard to the topic modeling, the ratio of articles including negative topics increased and the other article ratio decreased over time. Finally, we found that there is a priming effect about negative brand image of "A company."

Cultural Tunneling Effect: Conceptual adoption & Application in movie industry

  • Roh, Seungkook
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.77-100
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    • 2014
  • Many researchers have analyzed the relationship between the financial success patterns of a motion picture and many other factors, such as the production cost, marketing, stars, awards, reviews, genre, and rating. Through these studies, many researchers and investors concluded that big budgets to make a blockbuster movie can serve as an insurance policy to meet their ROI; thus the box office is dominated by blockbuster movies. High-budget blockbuster movies are more likely to receive attention because these movies are more recognizable given their high expenses for production and casting. Therefore, audiences choose blockbusters in an effort to reduce the searching cost and to mitigate the possibility of a regrettable choice. This behavior of consumers, in turn, causes distributors to allocate screens for blockbusters, resulting in "concentration of blockbuster consumption." As such, low-budget films cannot easily become popular due to the lack of distribution. Indeed, low-budget films released on a small number of screens often end up becoming dismal failures. However, there are exceptional examples which are contrary to the general idea in the movie industry that a big budget and showings on a large number of screens can guarantee the success of a movie. Although researchers have attempted to analyze the performances of movies with small budgets, such movies are likely to be regarded as outliers and then be entirely discarded, as they are far from the 'three-sigma' range, especially given that previous research methodologies could not explain the financial success of such unique examples. This study attempts to explain the financial success at the box office of low-budget movies by applying the concept of the tunnel effect in quantum mechanics, as the phenomenon found in the movie industry is similar to a particle's movement in quantum physics. The tunneling effect is a phenomenon by which a particle without enough energy to pass over a potential barrier tunnels through it. Adopting the analogy, this study draws a tunneling probability function and cultural constant to forecast other outliers using the Schrödinger equation. Moreover, the study finds that word-of-mouth creates in the movie industry this phenomenon of finding outliers.

A Study on the Effect of Satisfaction and Re-watch Intention of Visitor in On-line Price Discounts and Musical Fame in the Convergence Industry of Service Management (서비스경영의 융복합 산업에서 온라인 가격할인과 뮤지컬 명성이 관람객의 만족 및 재관람 의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Yim, Ki-Heung;Quan, Zhi-Xuan
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.13 no.10
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    • pp.157-163
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    • 2015
  • This study seeks to investigate the effect of a musical's reputation and online discounts on the consumer's willingness to re-watch a musical in the convergence industry. of service management As a resut, First, this study verified the moderating effect of on-line price discount. Second, on-line price discount was found to have an impact on reputation of a musical and consumer satisfaction. Third, consumer satisfaction was found to have a positive impact on word-of-mouth intention. Accordingly, it would also be imperative to provide information via on-line communities on a consistent basis so that viewers could create viral marketing. Also, those customers having received differentiated benefits would have a higher degree of satisfaction. Eventually, these customers will create positive viral marketing effect.

The Effect of Review Attributes on Brand Attitude, Purchase Decision and e-WOM Intention in Online Shopping Mall (온라인 쇼핑몰에서의 리뷰 속성이 브랜드 태도, 구매결정 및 온라인 구전의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Zhang, Han;Kim, Joon-Sung
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.19 no.7
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    • pp.113-127
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    • 2021
  • This study classifies review attributes into ratings, number of comments and image information in online shopping mall to verify their impact on brand attitude and purchase decision and e-WOM intention. Use SPSS 23.0 for frequency analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that review attributes have a positive effect on brand attitudes, purchase decision and e-WOM intention, but the number of comments has not affect on purchase decision. Brand attitude has a positive effect on purchase decision and e-WOM intention. Brand attitude has media effect in the relationship between ratings, image information and purchase decision, and in the relationship between review attributes and e-WOM intention. As these results, consumers don't always like to have a lot of comments. and should allow to focus on high ratings and photo reviews as much as possible when writing reviews.