• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2019

본 연구는 인삼과 산양삼의 부위별 중금속 분포양상을 조사하여 중금속 식이노출 저감화 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 인삼과 산양삼은 지역별 배분을 통해 각각 14개 지역 및 5개 지역에서 시료를 채취하였으며, 각 부위별 중량 및 중금속 함량을 분석하였다. 중금속 분석을 위해 microwave 장치를 이용해 전처리한 후 납, 카드뮴 및 비소는 ICP-MS로 측정하고 알루미늄은 ICP를 이용한 분석법을 확립하였다. 인삼의 겉껍질은 전체의 16.2% 중량비를 차지하였으며, 산양삼의 겉껍질 및 잔뿌리는 각각 전체의 21.8%, 16.8%의 중량비를 차지하였다. 각 부위별 중량비와 중금속 농도를 고려하여 각 부위별 중금속 분포도를 산출하였다. 인삼 및 산양삼의 겉껍질은 전체에 차지하는 중량비에 비해 높은 중금속 함유량을 보이고 있었으며, 인삼의 경우 납의 40.3%, 카드뮴 25.9%, 비소 47.6%, 알루미늄 89.9%가 겉껍질에 잔존하고 있었으며 산양삼의 경우 납 27.2%, 카드뮴 28.2%, 비소 48.3%, 알루미늄 56.8%가 겉껍질에 존재하였다. 알루미늄을 제외하고 산양삼의 잔뿌리내 중금속 분포량은 겉껍질과 유의적 차이가 없었다. 따라서, 인삼 및 산양삼의 겉껍질을 벗기고 섭취한다면 중금속 식이노출량을 크게 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.491-495
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• 2013

Wood-cultivated ginseng, including roots in its dried form, is produced in forest land without using artificial facilities such as light barriers. To identify suitable sites for the propagation of wood-cultivated ginseng, factor combination technique (FCT) and linear combination technique (LCT) were used with geographic information system and the results were superimposed onto an actual wood-cultivated ginseng plantation. The LCT more extensively searched for suitable sites of cultivation than that by the FCT; further, the LCT probed wide areas considering the predominance of precipitous mountains in Korea. In addition, the LCT showed the much higher degree of overlap with the actual cultivation sites; therefore, the LCT more comprehensively reflects the cultivator's intention for site selection. On the other hand, the inclusion of additional factors for the selection of suitable cultivation sites and experts' opinions may enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of the LCT for site application.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2011

This study was carried out to control the disease of wood-cultivated ginseng(panax ginseng) using natural materials. Four fungi spices such as Pythium ultimum, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani which caused disease of the wood-cultivated ginseng were investigated. The infection of these fungi causes symptom on roots, stems and leaves. The leaves became dry and die. The disease caused by Pythium ultimum can be prevented by using friendly environmental materials like Chamaecyparis obtuse essential oil and Wormstop. Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum might be prevented by using wormstop extracted from Neem tree(Azadirachta indica). No substance tested effectively prevents the growth of Rhizoctonia solani.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.389-396
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• 2017

Background: Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is wood-cultivated ginseng (WCG) in Korea which depends on an artificial forest growth method. To produce this type of ginseng, various P. ginseng cultivars can be used. To obtain a WCG similar to wild ginseng (WG), this method is usually performed in a mountain using seeds or seedlings of cultivated ginseng (CG) and WG. Recently, the WCG industry is suffering a problem in that Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen or Panax quinquefolium L. are being sold as WCG Korean market; These morphological similarities have created confusion among customers. Methods and Results: WCG samples were collected from five areas in Korea. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using the primer pair labeled with fluorescence dye (FAM, NED, PET, or VIC), fragment analysis were performed. PCR products were separated by capillary electrophoresis with an ABI 3730 DNA analyzer. From the results, WCG cultivated in Korea showed very diverse genetic background. Conclusions: In this study, we tried to develop a method to discriminate between WCG, P. notoginseng or P. quinquefolium using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Furthermore, we analyzed the genetic diversity of WCG collected from five cultivation areas in Korea.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 상처치유(wound healing)와 같은 허혈성 심뇌혈관 질환의 잠재적 치료제로서 산양삼 추출물과 진세노사이드 Rg5의 가능성을 인간 제대정맥 내피세포인 HUVEC에서 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 산양삼 추출물과 Rg5는 10-100 nM의 저농도에서 혈관신생 과정에서 발생하는 세포의 증식이나 이동, 관 형성과정을 유의적으로 증진시켰으며, 그 증가현상은 산양삼 추출물과 Rg5가 유사한 수준으로 발생하였다. 따라서 Rg5를 이용하여 혈관신생 과정에 관여하는 신호전달 메커니즘을 확인한 결과, Akt/eNOS와 ERK1/2의 인산화는 양성대조군으로 사용한 VEGF와 유사한 수준으로 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 혈관 신생 유도인자이며 양성대조군인 VEGF의 혈관염증 관련 부작용이 Rg5의 혈관신생 효과에도 작용하는지 확인하기 위하여 혈관염증 관련 단백질인 ICAM-1과 VCAM-1의 발현량을 확인한 결과, ICAM-1과VCAM-1의 발현이 양성대조군인 VEGF에서는 유의적으로 증가하였으나 Rg5를 처리한 경우에는 일반 대조군과 유사한 수준으로 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 산양삼 추출물과 Rg5가 혈관신생 유도효과가 있으며, 이러한 현상은 Akt/eNOS와 ERK 관련 신호전달 메커니즘을 통해 진행되고 이러한 효과가 혈관염증은 유도하지 않는다는 것을 입증하였으며, 잠재적 치료제로서의 가능성을 확인하는 계기가 되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.169-172
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to discuss ginseng properties by historical research. Methods : Historical documentary records of ginseng were used to develop this review. Results : According to the historical research, the first Korean ginseng cultivation started from the Koryo Dynasty around A.D. 1000. Later, during the Chosun Dynasty around A.D. 1500$\sim$1600, the ginseng cultivators established a method of cultivation. Gasam (cultivated ginseng) was cultivated ginseng on the skirts of their domicile. It was reported that Gasam cultivation was broadened throughout the country around A.D. 1790 on Cheongjosilrok. On the other hand, ginseng properties were reported slightly cool in the oriental herbal medicine books from A.D. 250 to A.D. 1600. But, they were reported slightly warm or warm after A.D. 1600. Korean ginseng cultivation started in the Koryo Dynasty around A.D. 1000. Later, during the Chosun Dynasty, the ginseng cultivators established a standard method of cultivation. Gasam, cultivated ginseng, was grown on the outskirts of their domicile. It was reported that Gasam cultivation was broadened throughout the country around 1790 A.D. in Cheongjosilrok. On the other hand, ginseng properties were reported slightly cool in the oriental herbal medicine books from 250 to A.D. 1600, but they were reported slightly warm or warm after A.D. 1600. Conclusions : It suggests that ginseng properties (slightly cool) before A.D. 1600 are wild ginseng. Also, wood-grown ginseng and ginseng properties (slightly warm, warm) after A.D. 1600 are Gasams.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2017

발효식품으로부터 분리한 젖산균 중 ${\alpha}$-rhamnosidase 효소활성을 보유한 젖산균 12점을 선별하였다. 효소활성이 우수한 Weissella confuse 1점, L. pentosus 1점과 효소활성이 우수하였던 4점의 L. plantarum 균주를 사용하여 진세노사이드 Rb1과 Re를 Rg1, Rg5로 각각 생물전환하였다. L. plantarum MBE/L2990 균주를 사용한 생물전환반응에서 Rg1과 Rg5의 함량이 각각 0.58 mg, 0.24 mg 가량 증가하였으며, 대조구로 사용한 L. plantarum KCTC21004 균주에 비해 약 56% 및 42% 우수한 생물전환 효율이었다. L. plantarum MBE/L2990 균주는 한국미생물자원센터에 KCTC18529P로 기탁하였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 산양삼 지상부(줄기, 잎)의 동결건조물 함량을 달리하여 열수 추출물과 70% 에탄올 추출물을 제조하고, 항산화, 피부 미백 및 주름 개선 활성을 측정하여 미용 식품의 원료로 사용하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 산양삼 지상부열수, 에탄올 추출물은 $200{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 DPPH radical 저해율은 각각 16.69, 2.18%를 나타내었고, ABTS radical 저해율은 각각 4.04, 3.25%를 나타내었다. $200{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 열수 및 에탄올 추출물의 PF가 각각 1.06, 1.09 PF를 나타내었고, TBARs는 모두 96% 정도의 활성을 나타내었다. PF와 TBARs가 DPPH와 ABTS 보다 우수한 활성을 나타낸 것을 통하여 산양삼 지상부 추출물은 지용성 물질에 대한 항산화능이 더 뛰어나다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 열수 및 에탄올 추출물의 elastase와 collagenase 저해율은 $200{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 각각 15.71, 32.26% 그리고 20.43, 86.74%를 나타내었다. Tyrosinase 저해율은 $200{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 10.97, 52.39%를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과에 따라 산양삼 지상부 추출물의 주름 개선 효과가 특히나 우수한 것을 알 수 있었으며, 피부의 주름을 개선시키는 새로운 미용 식품의 원료로서 사용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.733-740
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• 2011

For the current study, 2,000 questionnaire sheets were printed and distributed while at the same time postal questionnaires were also conducted. The questionnaire survey was conducted July 25 through September 25, 2008, whereby 206 copies of desirable responses were secured. Analysis of the survey made it possible to grasp the overall current status and prospects of the mountain-grown ginseng business, and the level of technology required for cultivating mountaingrown ginsengs. It was learned that, with no legal and institutional arrangements now in force, no precise facts and figures concerning the total area cultivated and the quantity produced are currently available, and that the products are being marketed under the table. Under such circumstances, it is high time for the mountain-grown ginseng cultivation business to contribute to the promotion of incomes of the farming households and the generation of national wealth by developing the business into a systematic industry. This study conducted a survey on the current status of mountain-grown ginseng producers and of their production, thereby contributing to the introduction of policies for mountain-grown ginsengs.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1980년도 학술대회지
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• pp.39-47
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• 1980

The harvesting and export of Canadian ginseng from the cool, shady hardwood forests of southern Canada can be traced to 1796. Because of its high dollar value and diminishing woodland supplies it was decided in 1896 that it should be cultivated under wood lath screens. Present day economics dictate changes in production techniques to allow for a decreasing supply of expensive labour. Traditional wooden lath screens have a surface area of wood of 70 per cent and permit light penetration of only about 18 per cent. Experimental woven black polypropylene shade has an estimated surface area of 72 per cent and permits light pentration of about 28 per cent. While differences in air and leaf temperatures under the two shade structures can be measured it is doubtful if these are great enough to cause differences in plant growth under the two structures. Shade grown ginseng had a low fresh and dry weight and total chlorophyll content (ratio of a to b was 3 to 1) comparable to other shade species. There was no differences in fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll content of leaves from plants grown under the two shade structures. Maximum net photosynthesis of leaves was 0.175 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ and light saturation level was about $200{\mu}E\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1},$ or about 10 per cent of full sunlight.