• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.48-52
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• 2008

Waste paper plastic composites were prepared with old newspaper and old corrugated containers and mixed office waste and those properties were evaluated. The results were summarized as fellows. 1. The strength properties like as tensile and Young's modulus reveled most high level in MOW composite. 2. The coagulation of fibers in paper particle should interrupt equal dispersion of polymer and paper particle. 3. The micrograph of the surface of composites showed the most high dispersion in ONP composite.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.83-88
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• 2003

The woodceramics are porous amorphous carbon and glassy carbon composite materials. Woodceramics attracted a lot of attention in recent years because they are environmentally friendly and because of their unique functional characteristics such as catalysis, moisture absorption, deodorization, purification, carrier for microbial activity, specific stiffness, corrosion and friction resistance, and their electromagnetic shielding capacity. In this paper, we made new products of clay-woodceramics to investigate the industrial analysis and ethylene gas adsorption for basic data of building- and packging- materials keeping fruit fresh for a long time. Clay-woodceramics were carbonized for 3 h of heating in a special furnace under a gas flow of nitrogen(15 ml/min.) from 3 layers-clay-woodparticleboard made from pallet waste wood, phenol- formaldehyde resin(hereafter PF, Non volatile content:52%, resin content 30%), and clay(10%, 20% and 30%). Carbonization temperature was 400℃, 600℃ and 800℃. Experimental results shows that the higher the carbonization temperature, the higher the fixed carbon and the lower the volatile contents. The higher the clay content, the more the ash content. The higher the carbonization temperature, the more the ethylene gas adsorption. Carbonization temperature of 800℃ gave the best reslts as same as that of white charcoal and activated carbon.(800℃-clay-woodceramic: 5.36 ppm, white charcoal: 5.66 ppm, activated carbon: 5.79 ppm) The clay contents did not make difference of ethylene gas adsoption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.45-59
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• 2016

This study introduced wood waste into revegetation base materials for recovery of highway cut slope. The object of this study is to derive the mixing ratio of wood waste, kaoline and silica by conducting a test installation, monitoring, analysis and evaluation. The following items were investigated and analyzed each experimental zone to deduce the mixing ratio of wood waste, kaoline and silica on slope revegetation base materials: the physical and chemical properties of the vegetation base materials, soil-hardness, soil-humidity, collapse and eroded spots, established number of trees, existing species of grass and tree species, vegetation coverage ratio, pest status, and invasion of disturbance species. The revegetation method was evaluated in each experiment zone which had different mixing ratios. As a result, experiment zone C scored 47 points out of 60 as the best revegetation method. However, this result has been derived from just one construction and short-term monitoring. In order to derive the suitable and dependable mixing ratio, conducting an objective revegetation method evaluation and long-term experimenting and monitoring is required.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.16-21
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• 2006

This study aimed to assess biomass energy resources available from waste wood due to forest land conversion. Forest land area of 7,806ha on annul average during 2001-2005 was converted to other land use and the growing stock of $266,551m^3$ was felled annually due to the conversion. Biomass energy potential of waste wood due to forest land conversion was estimated to 102,325 tons of biomass on annual average during 2001-2005 of which 57,945 tons were from coniferous forest and 44,379 tons were from broadleaved forest. Biomass energy Potential Per unit area Per year increased for the same period and was estimated to 13.0 tons of biomass on annual average.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2004

This research was carried out to investigate the component isolation method from liquefied waste paper. and isolated component was analyzed by molecular weight distribution with gel chromatography and nitrobenzene-oxidation analysis. In the aspect of liquefaction ratio, wet defibration fiber are better than dry defibration fiber because of wet defiberation fiber was easy to access of chemical solution. The optimal liquefaction condition of waste paper was treated at 190℃ for 60 min(cresol 2 ㎖, water 4 ㎖, phosphoric acid 0.5 ㎖ based on waste paper 1 g). In the liquefied waste paper, lignin and carbohydrate were separated with two interfacial layer(cresol layer, water layer). In the chemical analysis of isolated lignin, molecular weight distribution of isolated lignin was below 1,000.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1999

This research was carried out to investigate the Hanji sludge(black color)-wood fiber and wood particle composited applied by waste sludges arising from the making process of Hanji (Korea paper). In experimental design, four levels of the mixed ratio of Hanji sludge to wood fiber or wood particle(10:90, 20:80, 30:70 and 40:60), three kinds of the resin(PMDI, urea and phenol resin)and three kinds of the specific gravity(0.6, 0.75 and 0.9) were designed to determine the tensile strength of Hanji sludge-wood fiber and wood particle composites. From the results and discussion, it may be concluded as follows: In Hanji sludge-wood fiber and wood particle composites, tensile strengths showed decreasing tendency absolutely by increasing Hanji sludge additive, but clearly increase with the increase of specific gravity. In Hanji sludge-wood fiber composites, there were no differences between PMDI and urea resin-bonded composites, but phenol resin-boned composites were made possibly until the addition of 30% Hanji sludge. On the other hand, Hnji sludge-wood particle composites(SpGr=0.6) have very low tensile strength values. But they were made favorably until the addition of 20% Hanji sludge in Hanji sludge-wood particle composites(SpGr=0.9).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2009

We prepared densified wood pellet by agricultural waste. The hemp woody core was used as replacing wood resource. Hemp was separated into the bast fiber and the woody core by hot steaming treatment. The hemp woody core had a similar lignin content(19.4%) and carbohydrate composition with hardwood(20-25% lignin in hardwood), respectively. Also, the hemp had a low ash content(0.5%), which resulted in a low ash formation in pellet burning. Heating value of the hemp pellet(18.40 MJ/kg) had a very similar to the pellet made by hardwoods. The hemp woody core could be replaced the hardwood for densified wood pellet.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.498-504
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate and develop an eco-frendly wood adhesive based on vegetable oil (especially soybean oil), the renewable and sustainable natural resources, using ozonification technology for the chemical structure modification. The waste soybean oil (WSBO) was reacted with $O_3$ at the rate of $450m{\ell}$(acetone) : $50m{\ell}$ (WSBO) for different times, 1, 2, 3 hrs. The investigation of the modified chemical strecture of the ozonied WSBOs were conducted using FT-IR. As ozonification time increased, the peak of the unsaturated double bonds was disappeared especially ozonized-3hrs and aldehyde or carboxyl peak appeared because ozonification broke the oil into small molecules. The plywood were made at $150^{\circ}C$ with 4 minutes hot-press time using the different ozonized 3 hrs WSBO/pMDI adhesives and were tested for the dry, wet, cyclic boil test according to the Korea Industrial Standard F3101 Ordinary plywood. The bond strengths gradually increased until 1 : 0.5~1 : 3, but it decreased 1 : 4, as the contents of pMDI increased. The results of the dry, wet and cyclic bond strengths the equivalent ratio was formed approximately between 1 : 2~1 : 3. And the 1 : 1~1 : 4 strengths met constantly the standard requirement of 7.0kgf/$cm^2$ (KS F3101). From the comprehensive view on the results of above experiment, it could be confirmed that ozonized WSBO/pMDI has characteristics of effective reactivity and wet stability showed as an excellent candidate of wood adhesive applications.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2022

This study evaluated the potential of coffee waste (CW) and used frying oil (UFO) as an additive in the production of pitch pine (PIP) and Mongolian oak (MOK) pellets. Ash contents obtained from CW and UFO were 0.5% and <0.1%, respectively. The calorific values of UFO (31.4 MJ/kg) and CW (26.3 MJ/kg) are higher than PIP (20.6 MJ/kg) and MOK (19.1 MJ/kg). For pellets fabricated using a pilot-scale flat-die pellet mill, regardless of fabricating conditions, moisture content (MC) and bulk density of PIP and MOK pellets satisfied the A1 wood pellet standard for residential and small-scale commercial uses, as designated by the National Institute of Forest Science (NIFOS) of the Republic of Korea. When CW was used as an additive, durability of PIP pellets made with 12%-MC sawdust and MOK pellets increased. The optimal conditions for producing PIP and MOK pellets could be by adding 20 mesh CW as an additive and the using of 12%-MC sawdust. However, durability of PIP pellets and ash content MOK pellets did not satisfy the A1 wood pellet standard of NIFOS. Thus, further research is needed to improve the properties of wood pellets with additives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.72-80
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• 2009

The main purpose of this study is as follows : Finding a solution for fresh wood chips to be used as an alternative growing-media through a study of the formation method of a compost base that is applicable on both construction site and composting factory to ferment fresh wood chips produced from construction site as well as a study on adjuvant or secondary materials. The result from the experiment plot using wood chips sized 50mm or less, manure and fertilizer mixed manure as a source of nitrogen to compost fresh wood chips has shown that the temperatures 9days and 3days after the beginning of the experiment reached to $49.0^{\circ}C$ and $40.4^{\circ}C$ respectively, the heating duration was 7days and 4days respectively, and the C/N ratio was 26.5 and 25.3, each satisfying the standard for composted manure (25.0~40.0). Also, the other result from another experiment plot using mixture of sandy soil and microorganism as an inoculation source of microorganism has shown that the temperature 10days after the beginning of the experiment reached to $67.6^{\circ}C$ and lasted 16days. The experiment plot using sandy soil has shown the highest figure of $5.3{\sim}108$ CFU/g in terms of number of microorganism. The result from the experiment plots for on-site composting of fresh wood chips have shown that the experiment plot that used sandy soil with fertilizer due to supply restriction of manure as a nitrogen source in construction site reached the high temperature of $54.7^{\circ}C$ after 3days of experiment beginning and maintained heating state for 17days and reached 30.6 of C/N ratio, satisfying the standard for composted manure.