• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 2018

In the Republic of Belarus as well as in the world acute problem of protecting forests from diseases and pests. The damage caused by root rot is essential, therefore, the problem of forest protection is an urgent task. The biologics has the greatest prospects in according with traditional methods of struggle. Deep method of cultivation of a mushroom Phlebiopsis gigantea with use of nutrient mediums on the basis of ethanol stillage and its components (fugat) is researched. Feasibility of use stillage as raw materials in production of a biological product for the wood protection against root decay is shown. The effect of different additives (sawdust, fodder yeast) on the accumulation of reactive biological product - oidy has been studed It was determined that the deep cultivation using sawdust of the highest accumulation oidy (1.5 $10^6units/ml$). It was also found that the stillage is the best breeding ground for fungus biomass accumulation (7.9 9.8 g / l) versus fugat (6.0 6.6 g / l). On the basis of research work the technological scheme for production of a biological product were developed. Based on the conducted studies, a technological scheme was proposed for obtaining a biological preparation by deep cultivation of the fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.893-902
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to survey structures and growth conditions of Pinus densiflora village groves, and to establish management strategies for their desirable growth and conservation. Twelve village groves were selected in western Gangwon province for the study. The age of the study groves ranged from 50 to 200 years. Average dbh (diameter at breast height) and density of trees for each study grove were 27~52cm and 0.5~9.3 trees/$100m^2$, respectively. Soil environments were favorable to Pinus densiflora growth in the majority of the study groves, but 2 study groves with sandy soils showed considerably poor nutrient contents. Low tree vitality was found in some of the study groves due to poor conditions of root growth from soil fill and trampling. There were detachment of cambial tissue and damage of stem cavity at 6 study groves, which were caused by artificial injury, careless pruning, and frost damage. Light disease damage by Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii and phomopsis blight were found at 6 study groves. Light pest damage by Thecodiplosis japonensis was also found at 6 study groves, but the pest damage at 2 study groves was relatively considerable. Thus, major factors limiting normal growth of Pinus densiflora village groves were infertility, soil fill and trampling, stem damage, and disease and pest. Desirable management strategies were explored to solve growth-related problems and to conserve the study groves. The management strategies included fertilization of organic matter and lime, removal of soil fill, soil plowing and graveling, wood-trail installation or woodchip mulching, supply of wood fences and protective frames, surgical operation for damaged stems, vitality enhancement, and trunk injection to improve growth environments or control stem damage and disease/pest.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.192-199
• /
• 1991

To manufacture a good organic fertilizer through rapid composting process, cow dung was mixed with bulking materials such as rice straws, shredded bark, wood chips, and saw dust. The mixing ratio of the cow dung and bulking material was two to one on volume basis and moisture content was adjusted to 60 to 70 percent, C/N ratio 25 to 30 and aeration forced with suction during the aerated pile fermentation. Aerated pile was established outdoors and curing pile was in vinylhouse and the experiment was conducted for 3 years from '88 to '90. After pilling, temperature in aerated pile was reached to the maximum level at 7 to 9 days and the temperatures of cow dung + shredded bark, cow dung + wood chips, and cow dung + rice straws were higher than that of cow dung, and cow dung + saw dust. Total carbon, and C/N ratio in aerated pile fermentation period were increased in the middle stage and then they were decreased with the process of days, and nutrient contents in curing pile period had the same tendency as in the aerated pile.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.95 no.3
• /
• pp.358-364
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to develop optimal solid culture medium for Tricholoma matsutake. As the solid matrix, granitic soil, perlite, vermiculate, pine sawdust and peat moss were compared regarding their effected on mycelial growth. Ergosterol content which is a fungal wall component was used as the growth index of the mycelia. Among the various solid matrixes, the granitic soil, perlite and mixture of the two supported the growth most. Barely flour appeared to be very effective on the stimulating of the mycelial growth when added to the solid matrix. An mixture of the matrix contained an even (1:1:1:1, v/v/v/v) mixture of granitic soil, perlite, vermiculate and pine sawdust. T. matsutake started growth 2 weeks after inoculation and reached stationary growth phase after 8th weeks in the solid matrix mixture. The mycelial density in the solid matrix was 7 times higher than that in fairy-ring soil. In addition, 30~70% water content and 10% humus soil in the solid matrix also supported good growth suggesting that T. matsutake needs humus soil for a nutrient sources. The solid matrix developed in the present study could be used to study physiological characteristics of T. matsutake as well.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.310-317
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND: The salt in soil interrupts crop growth. Therefore, water resources are used to remove any salt found in the soil. However, water resources have been reduced by global warming; thus, a new study is required into reducing the salt in soil. Recently, the bottom ash (BA) of a biomass power plant was found to be similar to biochar. Hence, it can be used to remove heavy metals and wastewater through the adsorption characteristics of BA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the improvement effects on crop growth in saline soil containing the BA from biomass power plants. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect on crop growth in the saline soil supplemented with BA was studied with the crop-planted pots, which were packed by reclaimed greenhouse soils collected from Byolyang, Suncheon. The BA application level was 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg/10a (referred as BA25, BA50, BA100, BA200, and BA400, respectively). The BA increased the fresh weights of the leaf and root, while nitrogen uptake increased by approximately 24-102% and 54-77%, respectively for the lead and root. The phosphorous uptake increased by 38%, although only in the leaf of the lettuce. In the case of soil, BA increased water content, pH, EC, CEC, and NH₄⁺ and the SAR of the soil decreased by 5-15%. The bottom ash increased the contents of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and fixed the amount of Na⁺. CONCLUSION(S): It was confirmed the bottom ash of a biomass power plant, based on wood pellets, improved crop growth, and increased the nutrient uptake of crops in saline soil. In addition, bottom ash, which has a wide range of porosity and high values of pH and EC, improved properties of the saline soil. However, the BA has a large amount of B, As, and heavy metals. Finally, it may require a study on the safety and contamination of heavy metals contained in the bottom ash, which would be applied in soil for a long time.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.215-226
• /
• 2010

The pig slurry leachate was dark brown-colored solution that leaches out of woodchip trickling filter. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of pig slurry leachate and byproduct on growth characteristics of leaf lettuce in hydroponics culture. The effects of addition of fish meal, bone meal and crab shell for the growth of leaf lettuce were investigated. Leaf lettuce were grown in each of six combination treatment solutions; slurry leachate, slurry leachate + fish meal, slurry leachate+bone meal, slurry leachate + crab shell and chemical hydroponic solution for lettuce based on EC content. The chemical nutrient solution was the solution of National Horticulture Research Station for the growth of lettuce. The all of nutrient solution was adjusted 1.5 mS/cm in EC in hydroponics culture. 1. The pH level of leachate of trickling filter was increased and EC decreased gradually during treatment. Pig slurry leachate was low in suspended solids (SS), phosphorus (P), but rich in potassium (K). 2. The plot of slurry leachate (SL) was lowest in the growth characteristics of lettuce. The leaf length and width of lettuce treated with mixture plot of slurry leachate and fish meal (SL + FM) was higher compared with plot in slurry leachate. The chlorophyll reading was reduced in plot treated with slurry leachate, but that in plot of SL+FM was similar compared with control plot. 3. The fresh weight of lettuce showed lowest in the plot treated with slurry leachate. The addition of fish meal increased the yield of comparing plot of slurry leachate, but plots of bone meal and crab shell addition were not significantly difference. The fresh weight of leaf lettuce in plot of SL+FM was 87% as 400.0g compared with control. In conclusion, the mixture solution of pig slurry leachate and fish meal could be used as a nutrition solution of organic lettuce hydroponics.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.226-233
• /
• 1994

Three hundred and one cellulolytic bacterial were isolated from the 148 screening sources such as decomposed wood, soil, compost and leaf mold. Among them, strain KL-6 was found to have the highest of cellulase activity, and identified as species belonged to the genus Cellulomonas. Strain KL-6 was decompose up to 90% of the filter paper (whatman No. 1) substrate within 50 hours, and showed the colony halo formation (11 cm). The activities of CMCase (67 unit/ml), FPase (70 unit/ml) and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ (0.68 unit/ml) were obtained when this strain was cultured for 50 hrs at $30^{\circ}C$. Glucose was not found in detectable amounts at the FP medium. The optimum composition of nutrient medium for the cell growth by strain KL-6 was sucrose 0.5%, yeast extract 0.1%, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4\;0.1%$, $K_2HPO_4\;0.1%$, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.01%$, $CaCl_2\; 0.01%$, NaCl 0.6%, $CaCO_3\;0.1%$ and the optimum pH and temperature were 7.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND: Most of the bottom ash(BA) from wood pellet-based thermal power plants that is not recycled is placed into landfill. BA has a function and structure similar to biochar. Hence, BA is classified as waste, but, it is predicted that BA can be used agricultural utilization. METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate the effect of BA application on lettuce, growth characteristics and Pb contents were examined with BA application levels(0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/L), respectively, in hydroponic cultivation with Pb solution. Irrespective with BA application levels, the length, leaf number and fresh weight of lettuce in BA treatments were increased by 84.3~120, 36.2~39.0, and 215~322%, respectively, compared to the BA-0 treatment. The groups with BA treatments, Pb in the nutrient solution was adsorbed to the BA due to the surface area and functional groups of the BA, and the lettuce growth was maintained more smoothly than in the BA-0 treatment. BA application is considered to have created a favorable environment for lettuce growth in hydroponic cultivation with Pb solution. CONCLUSION(S): Although direct comparing the removal effect of heavy metal between BA and biochar is not present, the BA application in contaminated area suggested a significant meaning on the recycling waste, and increasing potential crop productivity by immobilizing heavy metal.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.1031-1040
• /
• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding milk replacer (MR) with varying levels of lactose and the increased supply of total solids (from 750 to 960 g/d) on performance, blood metabolites, and health of Holstein male calves during the preweaning period. Methods: Forty newborn Holstein calves (10 per treatment) were blocked according to birth weight and date of birth and distributed in a randomized block design to different liquid diets: Whole milk powder (WMP) diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 48% lactose (48L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 53% lactose (53L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; 53L MR corrected to 160 g/L solids (16TS) by the inclusion of a solid corrector. Calves were individually housed in wood hutches, fed 6 L/d of the liquid diet, and had free water and starter concentrate access. The study lasted 56 days. Results: Liquid diet intake was higher for calves fed 16TS than for other treatments. Calves fed 16TS presented higher protein and fat intake, followed by those fed WMP and the 48L or 53L MRs. Lactose intake was higher for 16TS-fed calves, followed by 53L, 48L, and WMP-fed calves. Starter and total dry matter intake did not differ among liquid diets. The average daily gain was higher for 16TS than 48L-fed calves, with the other treatments being intermediary. The lowest feed efficiency was observed for calves fed 48L. No effects on health were observed, as well as on selected blood metabolites, except for albumin concentration, which was higher for calves fed 16TS and WMP. Conclusion: Higher total solids content (160 g/L) in MR increases nutrient intake and consequently improves the performance of dairy calves. Feeding MRs with levels of lactose up to 53% of the DM had no deleterious effect on the performance or health of the calves.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.691-697
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of using Opuntia ficus-indica as a natural health food source. To accomplish this, the contents of general and antioxidative nutrient contents of Opuntia ficus-indica were measured. The carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were 66.79%, 5.51%, 9.89% and 9.29%, respectively. The calorie contents of Opuntia ficusindica was 378.21 kcal. The content of total dietary fiber was 36.54%. The essential and non-essential amino acids contents were 1,635.14 mg and 3,012.68 mg, respectively. Potassium was the most abundant mineral followed by Ca, Mg, and Na, showing that Opuntia ficus-indica is an alkali material. The electron-donating activity (EDA) of Opuntia ficus-indica was 29.85~44.57%, and the activity was dependent on the sample concentration. Total phenolic content of Opuntia ficus-indica was 2.21 ${\mu}g$/mg, and total flavonoids content was estimated as 1.80 ${\mu}g$/mg. Opuntia ficus-indica extract showed the highest reducing power (OD 700=3.18) at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL. Based on the above results, we determined that the Opuntia ficus-indica has potential antioxidant activities.