• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1976

In recent years, explosive increase in population has been damaging mankind in terms of deprivation of natural resources and more of economical demands. Therefore, we have thought about problems as to counter-balance the increasing population, and reached a resolution of artificial methods of controlling birth. In the past, though now used in some of contraceptive methods, extravaginal ejaculation, condom were commonly used. But recently, pills, IUD and several kinds of operative procedures are quite popular. Though the recent methods are known to be effective compared with the traditional methods, a certain unwanted side effects as well as limited value of usages now must be discussed. On this aspect, we are trying to research for a ideal methods such as symptom free, more of natural way of family planning and try to zero the failure rate. And also it has been suggested that only if those scientific methods of controlling birth can be base on religious concepts of moral being, it will be enlightened. At the Happy Family Planning Clinic of St. Mary's Hospital, we apply Billing's ovulation method to out-patients who want contraception and usually advise them to use it on a self-care basis. For a retrospective study of the presurvey data analysis and use-effectiveness of the ovulation method from April 1, 1975 to Nov., 30, 1975, we have dealt with a total of 1,383 women (urban areas 465, rural areas 918). The results of preliminary survey were as follows; 1) Among 465 women in Seoul areas, the failure rate was 10.3, which signified unplanned pregnancies of 32 women. 27 of the 32 women were pregnant due to the users own failure and the remaing 5 due to the failure of the method. Therefore, the failure of the method accounted for 1.6. 2) Among 918 women in rural areas, the failure rate was 15.2 signifing unplanned pregnancies in 93 women. The cause of the failure in 81 of the 93 women was attributable to the user's own mistake and that in the remaing 12 to the default of the method. Therefore, the failure attributable to the method accounted for 2.0.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.259-262
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• 2009

Angioedema is a localized transient swelling of sudden onset in the face, lips, tongue, hand, feet, respiratory system and gasteointestinal system. Angioedema is classified as allergy, hereditary, idiopathic or induced by medication as like aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, opiates, antibioics and angiotensin-coverting enzyme. Arisaematis Rhizoma Ingestion grows up every place in Korea, dries humidity and eliminates engorgement. so Arisaematis Rhizoma Ingestion was used to paralytic, hemiplegia, bell's palsy, tetanus. but Arisaematis Rhizoma Ingestion is toxic, can not be used pregnant women. We experienced a case of angioedema induced by Arisaematis Rhizoma Ingestion in a 52-years-old male patient who bited a Arisaematis Rhizoma Ingestion. We treated the patient based on traditional oriental medicine case report. As a result, the symtoms disappeard rapidly.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.371-374
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• 2012

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the major agents of infectious abortions and due to its worldwide distribution can threat healthy pregnant women who had no previous exposure to this parasite. The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of T. gondii to spontaneous abortions in Zanjan, Northwest of Iran, using ELISA method. Blood Samples were collected from 264 mothers referred to the provincial hospitals of Zanjan due to spontaneous abortion. The sera were isolated and subjected to evaluate the anti-Toxoplasma IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies. The results showed IgG positive ($IgG^+$) in 99 cases (37.5%). A total of 68 women (25.8%) showed seroconversion with IgM or IgA or both IgM and IgA. They included: $IgM^+$ in 21 (8.0%), $IgA^+$ in 23 (8.7%) and both $IgM^+$ and $IgA^+$ in 24 (9.1%) subjects. In 23 cases, positive titers of IgM and IgG were accompanied. In general, the analysis of anti-Toxoplasma antibody patterns, showed that about 17% of the spontaneous abortions were associated with serological patterns of acute infection. According to these findings, a considerable proportion of spontaneous abortions can be attributed to T. gondii in the study area.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2015

본 연구는 119구급대원을 대상으로 심정지 임신부에 시행하는 $30^{\circ}$ 왼쪽 기울기 자세에서 가슴압박 질과 신장 및 체중이 가슴압박 질에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 시행하였다. J도 M, N, S, Y시, G광역시에서 근무하는 119구급대원 62명을 대상으로 2015년 6월 15-16일간 실험 전 참여 동의를 받았다. Resusci Anne$^{(R)}$ 마네킨 2대를 사용하여 Laerdal PC SkillReporting System$^{(R)}$으로 가슴압박 시행 결과를 기록하였다. 연구결과, $30^{\circ}$ 왼쪽 기울기 자세에서 바로 누운 자세보다 가슴압박 적절한 깊이 횟수(회), 가슴압박 깊이(mm)는 매우 저조하였고, 또한 170 cm 이하, 65 kg 이하에서 가슴압박 적절한 깊이 횟수(회), 가슴압박 깊이(mm)는 저조하였다. 따라서 신장 및 체중에 따른 가슴압박질을 향상시킬 수 있는 도구의 개발과 실습 교육이 필요하겠다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2016

Background The prenatal ultrasound detection of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and its continuous management in the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods using a multidisciplinary team approach can be beneficial for parents and their infants. In this report, we share our experiences with the prenatal detection of CL/P and the multidisciplinary management of this malformation in our institution's Congenital Disease Center. Methods The multidisciplinary team of the Congenital Disease Center for mothers of children with CL/P is composed of obstetricians, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, pediatricians, and psychiatrists. A total of 11 fetuses were diagnosed with CL/P from March 2009 to December 2013, and their mothers were referred to the Congenital Disease Center of our hospital. When CL/P is suspected in the prenatal ultrasound screening examination, the pregnant woman is referred to our center for further evaluation. Results The abortion rate was 28% (3/11). The concordance rate of the sonographic and final diagnoses was 100%. Ten women (91%) reported that they were satisfied with the multidisciplinary management in our center. Conclusions Although a child with a birth defect is unlikely to be received well, the women whose fetuses were diagnosed with CL/P on prenatal ultrasound screening and who underwent multidisciplinary team management were more likely to decide to continue their pregnancy.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2005

Purpose : With the development of society, traffic accident(TA) rate is increasing accordingly. And the number of women in pregnancy who are damaged by TA is increasing as more women are involved in economical and social activities. TA victim in pregnancy cannot get proper treatment(Tx) in western medicine. Oriental medicine Tx is noted as alternative in treating TA victims recently. The main purpose of this clinical study is to make a survey of effective way of the oriental gynecological Tx about TA victim in pregnancy. Methods : The patient in this case, 28-year-old, was admitted for 14days(27th/May/2004 - 9th/June/2004) to cure severe neck pain and limitaion of cervical ROM(range of motion) occured from TA on the 4th week of pregnancy. This patient was treated with the acupunture, herbal medicine and physical treatment. Result and Conclusion : The symptoms of patient in this case are remarkable alleviated. And we think that the TA victims in pregnancy can be managed effectively by oriental gynecological Tx due to consider preservation of fetus and pregnant woman. After this, further study, approach and case will be needed about oriental gynecological Tx of TA victims in pregnancy.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2004

Toxoplasmosis has been well known as an important human infection to consider especially in pregnant women. Although many serologic methods are available, the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis can be extremely difficult. The presence of increased levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibodies indicates an infection, but it does not differentiate between a recent and past infection. The purpose of our study was to compare the performance of the ELISA T. gondii IgG/IgM test, a widely used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to the ELISA IgG avidity method. One hundred and four serum samples (from 38 males and 66 females) were tested and evaluated from symptomatic patients (chorioretinitis, lymphadenopathy), and from women in their first trimester of pregnancy who were suspected of having toxoplasmosis, The high IgG avidity and ELISA IgG antibody levels were in agreement for 51 of the specimens (49.0％). Thirty-eight discrepant (borderline) results from the IgG avidity method were positive for IgM (3 specimens) and IgG (37 specimens). Interestingly, out of the eight serum samples that were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies, two samples were low IgG avidity, and three samples were borderline. There was no statistically significant relation observed between the results of the IgG avidity method and the ELISA IgG test, and the IgG avidity method and ELISA IgM test (X$^2$=1.987; p=0.370 and X$^2$=2.152; p=0.341, respectively). The IgG avidity method was considered easy to perform and an acceptable approach for the differentiation of discrepant results (recent/chronic) and for the current detection of T. gondii antibodies. We concluded that the determination of IgG avidity is a helpful tool for the diagnosis of the ocular form of toxoplasmosis and it is a safe method for screening this disease in the first trimester of pregnancy.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2012

Bisphenol A(BPA)는 약한 estrogen 활성도를 보이는 화학물질로서 착상 전 배아나 태아에 영향을 미쳐, 출생 후 그들의 신체발달에 변화를 초래한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 인체에서 임신 중기에 양수 내 BPA 농도를 측정하였으며, 측정된 농도에 따라 임신결과에 영향을 미치는지 여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 임신 15주에서 20주 사이에 유전학적 적응증으로 양수천자 검사를 시행 받았던 120명의 임신부 양수를 연구대상으로 ELISA 방법으로 농도를 측정하였다. 양수천자의 가장 많은 적응증은 35세 이상의 고령 임신부였다. BPA는 모든 양수에서 검출이 가능하였으며, 그 농도는 최저치 0.89 ng/mL부터 최고치 37.13 ng/mL까지의 분포를 보였고, 평균치는 7.24 ng/mL이었다. 양수 내 BPA 농도가 여러 임신결과들과 관련성이 있는지를 알아보기 위해 임신부 나이 35세 이상 대 미만, 남자 태아 대 여자 태아, 분만 당시 재태 연령 37주 이상 대 미만, 출생 당시 신생아 체중 2.5 kg 이상 대 미만으로 각각 나누어, 두 군간에 농도를 비교한 결과, 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 본 연구는 한국인 임신부를 대상으로 최초로 양수 내 BPA 농도에 관한 보고이다. 본 연구결과 BPA 농도는 임신부 나이나 태아성별에 따라 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 조산이나 저체중아의 발생과도 관련이 없음을 알 수 있었다. 향후 산전 BPA 노출이 배발생에 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한간호
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.85-98
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data regarding effective learning opportunities in childbirth education classes. Also analysis of the data indicates the optimum conditions for the welfare and improvements in the promotion of health in childbearing mothers. The results of this study are as follows; 1) The average age of the subjects in this study was 30.6 years and the total number of subjects was 58 pregnant women. The average number of children was one and 84.5% of the subjects were unemployed even though 63.8% of them held over bachelor's degrees. It was found that 22.4% of the subjects were living in an extended family. Also 61.5% of them were living with parents-in-law. The number of pregnancies were calssified as one, two, or three to nine times with the percentages of 58.7%, 22.4% and 18.9%, respectively. Further, 72.4% of the subjects had no abortion experience and 15.5% had one aborion experience. While 89.7% of the subjects planned to feed their babies with breastmilk, mixed feeding were used by only 22.4% of the sample. These data were collected at about 6 months after delivery. Thus one can see that a low rate of breastfeeding was common. 2) The length of one period of childbirth education is four weeks. It was found that 36.2% of the subjects participated in childbirth education only once, where as 13.8% participated four times and 19% of the subjects participated in this class more than four times. pregnant at least once. Further, 75.9% of the participants were participated in this education through their own will. Their motivation for participation developed through information, advertisement and posters which contained information on childbirth education. Those with unplanned pregnancies 92.9% participated after a suggestion by the nurses. The number of participants in terms of percentage according to the childbirth education contents can be classified as following. The most active participation was shown in preparation of delivery(77.6%), postpartrm management(56.9%) fetal development(37.6%) and physiology of pregnancy(17.2%). It was found that 75.9% of the subjects were willing to participate again if they were given a chance. The reason can be summarized as following: The content of the education is very helpful(47.7%). Scientific knowledge can be obtained through this program(20.5%). Participation helps in achieving psychological stability(9.1%). Participation enables one to establish a friendly relationship with other participants(6.8%) of the sample. 24.1% of the participants did not want to participate again. The reasons can be as following: They do not want another baby(42.9%). The first paricipation in childbirth education gave enough knowledge about childbirth(21.4%). Another reason for not want to participate again was because they had a cesarean birth(14.3%). Only 7.1% of them responded with a negative view. A response that they do not need childbirth education after their operation can be traced back to the general belief that childbirth education is the place where one prepares for natural birth through the Lamaze breathing technique. Of the subjects, 91.4% suggested that this program could be recommended to other childbearing mothers, because this program gave educational content along with psychological stability for childbearing women. Of the subjects 41.4% did not see any efforts towards the welfare of the baby, where as 88.2% did. Among the subjects 58.6% made some effort to eliminate the discomfort of labor by breathing and imagination and breathing and walking. Further 41.7% of the 24 subjects did not do anything toward the welfare of the baby, because they did have a cesarean section so that they didn't have a chance even though they had been educated about childbirth. Also 33.3% of the subjects did not do anything toward the welfare of the baby, because they lacked a willingness. After leaving the hospital, only 75.9% of the subjects did some exercises. The subjects who tried participate this program with their husband accounted for 20.7% of the sample. Interviewing with the subjects solved some of the uneasiness and. fear of delivery, increased self-confidence in parenting and active coping in the delivery process.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제5권3_4호
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• pp.47-56
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• 1990

Smoking damages nonsmoker's health who have been exposed to passive smoking as well as smoker's own health. Passive smoking can cause serious health damage to particular groups, such as the old aged, children and pregnant women. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between nicotine concentrations in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and urinary cotinine concentrations of nonsmokers exposed to ETS, and to provide basic information related to health risk assessment. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. When 180 cigarrette were smoked during S hours (high concentrations exposure) in 132 m$^3$chamber, mean concentrations of nicotine in ETS showed 263.52 $\mu\textrm{g}$/m$^3$${\pm}$51.93. When 45 cigarretts were smoked (low concentrations exposure), it was 69.43${\pm}$8.96 $\mu\textrm{g}$/m$^3$. 2. The urinary cotinine concentrations of each times (0, 2.5, 5, 17 and 24 hours) in nonsmokers ranged from 0.27∼12.52 ng/ml in high concentrations exposure and 0.22∼2.28 ng/ml in low concentrations exposure. Mean while the total urinary cotinine concentrations during 24 hours ranged from 11.62∼31.65 ng/ml in high concentrations exposure and 3.45∼5.64 ng/ml in low concentrations exposure. 3. The correlation equation and coefficient between cotinine concentrations in nonsmokers' urine (y) and nicotine concentrations in ETS (x) was y=0.421+0.0171x and 0:875 (p<0.01) respectively, 4. The quantity of nonsmokers' smoking exposure by passive smoking can be assumed as based on the estimation of nicotine concentrations in ETS by measuring cotinine concentrations of nonsmokers' urine.