• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2017

This study proposes 3D printed shoe designs with patterns made by reinterpreting traditional Korean muntin patterns as customized designs that are unique to individual consumers and different from existing products. In the fashion industry, shoes with diverse designs grafted with 3D printing technology have been introduced. Artistic 3D printed shoes showcase the unique designs of designers. Functional and practical 3D printed shoes that can be worn during daily activities and during exercise have been actively developed. Traditional Korean pattern designs are also being recreated into designs reflecting the aesthetic sense of modern times with our own identity. The uniqueness of the traditional muntin patterns in geometric shapes, such as intersections of lines, rectangles, and octagons, are expressed in shoe designs with modern aesthetic senses by utilizing the traditional patterns that conform well to the modern geometric beauty of forms. This study was intended to develop 3D shoe designs that reinterpreted the motif of muntin patterns from among traditional Korean geometric patterns with a modern aesthetic sense. The octagonal patterns that express the scenery of spring can be seen through the muntins in traditional Korean-style houses were designed on the heels of shoes. Utilizing the Rhino CAD program and ProJet 660 Pro 3D printer, shoes were designed and printed. The processes for making shoes using 3D printing technology proposed in this study are significant because they represent the creation of designs in a new area. The results of this study might help in the development of 3D printed fashion products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.2 s.161
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• pp.258-268
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to develop functional midsole that can restrain the heightening of plantar pressure in forefoot pressure so as to develop high-heeled shoes that can lessen foot ailments among women. The pumps shoes used for the research were of the same pumps type last. The variant was heel height, 3cm, 6cm, and 9cm, and the shoes were made in both normal midsole and functional midsole. The variant was applied to investigate the changes of foot pressure on forefoot and hindfoot according to heel height.'Heel Cup' was chosen for modification of functional midsolepumps type. to enlarge contact area in hindfoot, and 'Heel Posting Pad' was attached under sustentaculum tali to suppress the weight moving to forefoot pressure. If such functional parts are developed and used, it is possible to lessen the amount of Pmax or Impulse imposed by high-heeled pumps type on forefoot pressure. This can greatly lessen foot ailments, largely caused by high-heeled shoes, among women.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.212-213
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• 2002

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.32-42
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• 1999

This study was conducted to identify the effects of high-heel shoes on EMG activities of rectus femoris and biceps femoris in 28 healthy women. Subjects were composed of experimental group (wearing high-heel shoes) and control group (wearing low-heel shoes). Two groups participated in three conditions standing (bare foot wearing athletic shoes and 7.5 cm height shoes). In high-heel shoes condition, EMG activities of rectus femoris of control group were significantly lower than that of biceps femoris of experimental group, but EMG activities of both muscles of experimental group did not should significant difference. In bare foot standing condition, EMG activities of rectus femoris of experimental group were significantly lower than that of biceps femoris but EMG activities of both muscles of control group had no significant difference. These results showed that hamstring lengthening effects was produced when wearing high-heel shoes because the external knee extension moment was increased. In the short term, high-heel shoes effect on the increase of the biceps femoris activities by spindle reflex, but in the long term, the normal amplitude of the same muscle activities by Golgi tendon organ reflex.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.55-70
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• 2009

This study aims at analyzing the formativeness of women fashion shoes shown in the high fashion since 2000 along with the necessity of study for such purposes. Fashion shoes designed for the perfection of high fashion have been positioned as an important item to increase the value of fashion. Subsequently, three formative images through the research method under the literature study could be analyzed as follows. First, the Fetishism image appeared from 18th century and the shoe heel has the erotic internal beauty while attracting the erotic nature from the perspective of 'feet confinement'. The high heel came to have an absolute relationship with the feminine beauty, and the feet and shoes are accepted for the erotic symbol regardless of anyone in the East or West. Second, the fashion shoes in the Maximalism image to pursue for the dream and excitement at the same time have been shown at the same time by using various ornaments in an exaggerated manner for the use of ornaments to clothes through designs by shoe designers. Third, the Aristocratism image in the fashion shoes was remarkably highlighted with the use of materials from processing natural materials with the best quality, which was expressed in an exotic manner with roughness and comfort despite the nature of refinement balanced with the simple reactionary tendency and technical senses of handicrafts. It can be perceived that the inner emotions of human beings are expressed by intentionally dismantling the functions of shoes in terms of functionality even in the fashion shoes in completing the ideal images after which are pursued by people.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.175-191
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the body mass index(BMI) and foot characteristics of senior-generation women and to use those values to develop a standard shoe last for producing shoes that best fit the foot of senior-generation women. In order to develop a standard shoe last that reflects the BMI and foot characteristics of senior-generation women, I analyzed the morphometric characteristics of feet by conducting descriptive statistics for each item. The foot characteristics based on BMI were analyzed by conducting ANOVA and Duncan's tests via the foot's measured values. Subsequently, I developed a standard shoe last reflecting the BMI and the foot characteristics of senior-generation women by applying all those values. Senior-generation women showed significant differences among three groups based on BMI-normal weight, overweight, and obese-in all the items except for medial ball width and toe 5 angle. Through these values, I realized that as the value of the BMI becomes higher, the size of the foot becomes larger. This suggests that as a woman's weight increases or decreases, her shoes need to be replaced as well as her clothes. Deviations in the toe-side parts of the shoe could cause deformation of the foot. If someone keeps wearing shoes produced using a shoe last with a large deviation, she risks developing foot conditions like hallux valgus. This situation points to the need for shoe manufacture that utilizes a standard shoe last that reflects the BMI and foot characteristics of the senior generation.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.455-467
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is reviewing and researching the symbolic meaning and classifying the types of the style of the Costume in classical novel 'Shimchungjun' focusing on the woman's costume through the antique records and tombs bequests. Titled ladies for royal family put on 'Wooimkyoryong' and 'Sungun' as a petticoat when the ladies of Song period rode on horses. The underskirt played a part to swell a skirt for ladies. 'Bakjueui' and 'Hwangsangi' were ordinary clothes ranging from ladies of loyal family to women. The red color was limited to royal family. The ordinary clothes of women were white ramie clothes commonly and floral patterned clothes were prohibited to the ordinary clothes for women. 'Ko', a breast-tie (breast ribbon) of a Korean coat, was made of silk and women wear as an outer garment. The common people will wear 'Ko' of white ramie clothes which was very active items. The ladies of royal family and women put on shoes made of white ramie clothes, but the full dress of queen wore blue boots made of leather. The noble women wore 'Suk'(boots) made of deer skin and common people wore straw shoes regardless of gender and age. Sometimes they wore 'Woopihye' made of cowhide. In the first of Koryo era, the styles of dress were consisted of 'Monso', 'Eui', 'Po', 'Dae', 'Koh', 'Sang', 'Sungkun' and 'Kangnang'. The structure of costume for women made little difference and there was a great difference with decoration.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.975-987
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• 2008

The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a thorough research on shoes of 2000s, understand the changes and analyze the differences and the characteristics of the shoe designs of the past and present in order to predict and indicate the future direction of the women shoe designs. The shoes of the millennium not only kept the old fashioned shapes but also showed futuristic shapes. With the increasing importance of shoes in fashion, shoes with various images were created. As far as the materials are concerned, natural materials and artificial materials were both used. The colors were vivid and the futuristic colors. On the other hand, pastel toned colors and romantic colors were used in many different designs and shapes regardlees of the seasons. Straps and hills differed from the oldies. Heavy decorations were added to strap shoes to form a whole new design and hills show geometrical platforms or the avantgarde like heights. Feminine images overwhelmed the shoe designs of the millennium. To elaborate, Pumps displayed feminine images the most for it showed a high frequency number regardless of the seasons. Shoes are presented in aesthetical perspective rather then functional or practical perspectives that are based on human nature. Cultural, social, environmental and some part religious factors had a great influence on the evolution on the shoes. Especially in the 2000s, future oriented concepts were implemented on shoe designs, resulting a wider range of expressiveness and in the end leading to a more creative shoe designing. Changes in shoe designs could be pointed out in many ways according to the shapes materials, colors, modeling of decorations or also with the diverting trends.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.125-132
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide foot classification on young men and women by factor analysis. The sample for this work was chosen from data which were collected and measured by Size Korea during two years ($2003{\sim}2004$). In order to analyze and compare features of the foot of young men and women, analysis was performed about 911 subjects (male: 467, female: 444) on 24 parts such as height (8 parts), width (5 parts), thickness (1 part), circumference (3 parts), length (3 parts) and angle (4 parts). The result of this study can be applied in manufacturing and design of shoes and socks. Also, it will enable us to have fruitful information on considerable items during manufacturing and design of shoes and socks.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of forefoot rocker shoes equipped with a metatarsal bar on lower extremity muscle activity and plantar pressure distribution. Ten healthy women in the age of twenties were participated in this study as the subjects. All subjects walked on a treadmill(Gait Trainer, BIODEX, USA) wearing normal shoes and metatarsal bar shoes, during which the plantar pressure distribution and muscle activity were measured. Using Pedar-X system(Novel Gmbh, Germany), the plantar pressure was measured for six regions of the foot: forefoot, midfoot, rearfoot, 1st metatarsal, 2-3th metatarsal, and 4-5th metatarsal, and for each sub-region, 4 features such as maximum force, contact area, peak pressure, and mean pressure were analyzed based on the plantar pressure. EMG(Electromyography) activity was measured by attaching surface electrodes to the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius medial head, and magnitude of muscle contraction was analyzed in IEMG(Integrated EMG) value. The results show that the maximum force, contact area, peak pressure, and mean pressure in the midfoot all increased while maximum force, peak pressure, contact area, mean pressure in the 1st metatarsal and 2-3th metatarsal all decreased when wearing functional shoes. Also, muscle activities in the four muscles were all decreased when wearing the functional shoes. This paper suggests that forfoot rocker shoes equipped with a metatarsal bar can help disperse the high pressure and absorb the shock to the foot as well as give positive influence on gait pattern and postural stability by reducing muscle fatigue during walking.