• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.117-130
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• 2018

As women wear shoes for a long time due to aesthetic elements and working environment, many women experience discomfort and deformation in their feet due to their shoes and the production of comfortable shoes is becoming an important issue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the grip of shoes by foot type, shoe design, and wearing attitude of shoes. Through this, we suggest solutions for foot discomfort due to wearing shoes and help to prevent foot related diseases. The study results are as follows; first, a wide foot, square-type, and high or low arch (hollow foot or flat foot) among foot shapes influenced the fatigue and pain of feet, and big feet over 250mm-long, wide feet, square-type feet, and high-arch feet (hollow foot) had an influence on distortion and side effects. Second, among the characteristics of wearing shoes influencing foot discomfort, the higher the shoe heels were, the narrower the surface covering the feet was (pumps and mule), and the shoes with high front heels and narrow back heel area, the shoe wearer had a higher possibility of experiencing fatigue and pain and even had not only fatigue and pain but also side effects when she wore pointed shoes. Third, a shoe wearer experiences fatigue and pain if she wears shoes for a shorter period of time, stay stood while wearing shoes for a short time, and wears shoes that are bigger or smaller than the actual shoe size. Fourth, fatigue and pain experiencers and distortion and side effects experiencers all responded that they change into other shoes to deal with foot discomfort and that they directly massage their feet.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.78-89
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• 2004

With 100 collegians residing in Busan, a shoes wearing survey was held. Out of the subjects, 50 women collegians showing some interest in fashion sneakers were chosen to reveal the effects of shoes size changes on walking patterns and wearing sense. This study focused on the fitness of sneakers produced the following results: 1. Survey Results of Shoes Wearing The subjects had some room in wearing sneakers or athletic shoes, including $20{\sim}30mm$ (33%). Just 25% of the subjects reported about the experience of falling, and 67.6% had difficulty walking on downhills. 50% felt feet fatigue difference when wearing fitting and unfitting shoes. 2. Analysis of Walking Patterns & Survey Results of Wearing Sense No significance was found among shoes sizes in left and right step angles. Step width measurement revealed no significance among shoes sizes. Significance ($p{\le}.05$) existed among shoes sizes in steps and strides. Significance ($p{\le}.001$) was noticed among shoes sizes in wearing sense.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.231-241
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• 2002

This study is for research of relationship between shoes wearing by adult woman and foot type. The research was made through questionnaire sheets of general matters (age, body weight, height & occupation) and shoes wearing status (hill height, toe shape, wearing time) of 216 adult women reside in the metropolitan zone and the foot type was classified from foot measurement and the relationship between shoes wearing and foot type was analyzed. According to the result of analysis it is as follows : 1) In the shoes type prefer for they prefer for lower hill as more ages and were preferring shoes with higher hill as the taller women. 2) The instep height is lower and medial foot angle was increased as their ages are more. Majority of foot type was appeared with standard type and the broad type was indicated more by age of 20s. The classification by toe the square type was indicated by majority and in the age of 30-40s the egyptian type was more 3) As the age and weight get increased he height of arch become lower and indicated to transit to flat-foot. That is to say they prefer for round toe in case of fiat-foot, and for square toe in case of normal and, choice of shoe toe shape it indicated by more impact by the height of arch rather than toe length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.8
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• pp.95-109
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• 2015

The purpose of this Study is to understand Supsin (shoes for dead) in late Chosun dynasty through records and excavated relics. The research records in this study were two types which one was official records as The Annals of The Chosean Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄), Dairy of the Royal Secretariat(承政院日記) ets and the other was private records as Korean literary collections of confucian scholars in classical chinese(文集) ect. as for relics use two types of materials that one is the excavated supsins and the other is Research Reports of Excavated Costumes published from museums. Through the Collections, we can notice that shoes were several types which Wunhae(雲鞋), Danghae(唐鞋) Onhae(溫鞋) Wunli(雲履), Taesahae(太史鞋) in Chosun dynasty. these were worn in different ways according to wearer's gender, the social status, daily life or rituals, inside or outside in palace. Wunhae and Wunli was the most ceremonial shoes for man and Onhae was the most ceremonial shoes for woman. the dead man worn the Wunhae or Wunli for Supsin and the dead woman worn Onhae. we could see they use the most ceremonial shoes for supsin. through the records, we could see the change that Women's Supsin was written for the first time in 18th Saraepyenram(四禮便覽). men's Supsin was recorded as '履', while Women's Supsin was recorded as '鞋' in Saraepyenram. the reason for making difference between man and woman in costumes(男女有別). and the excavated Supsin showed that the dead worn more ceremonial shoes than records. these changes mean one of the results for making korean style rituals from chinese style(國俗化).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1361-1373
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• 2009

This study analyzed female motives and psychological experiences related with high-heeled shoes. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with seven females having more than forty pairs of high-heeled shoes. Exploratory data are classified into physical aspects and mental aspects, and the meaning of wearing high-heeled shoes were derived and discussed. First, with high-heeled shoes, the participants tried to make an ideal physical appearance, 1) to make an aesthetic illusion of a longer, more slender body 2) to make a more glamorous bodyline and toned legs. Second, the psychological experiences were as follows: 1) Wearing high-heeled shoes, they felt self-confidence in appearance and had feelings of satisfaction, fulfillment, and superiority. 2) High-heeled shoes gave wearers an increased sexual appearance in addition to a feminine attitude and independent mind. Accordingly, wearers thought they could make males compliant with a better sexual look in private and public life. 3) Through buying or putting on high-heeled shoes, women could change their mood, have mental stability, and channel sexual desires. 4) Some women made the secret self with the collected high-heeled shoes for sexual fantasies. 5) They thought that painful bodies or feet were not cumbersome. In addition, some wearers thought high-heeled shoes were a natural extension of their bodies.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was conducted to identify the effects of high heel shoes on surface electromyography(EMG) activities fo tibialis anterior(TA), soles(S), and gastrocnemius(G) in 12 healthy women. Methods : Subjects were composed of three group(sports shoes, 5cm heel height shoes, and 9cm heel height shoes). The muscle activity of the TA, G, S in the lower leg were measured using a surface EMG. Results : Results of one way repeated measures ANOVA of the after waling 30minutes standing task duration among the sport shoes, 5cm, and 9cm heel height conditions. The comparison of the muscular activities showed significant differences in the G muscles among the high heel shoes. Conclusion : Wearing high heel shoes for hours will bring inappropriate alignment of the lower limbs and cause postural changes or abnormal sensation and several other problems in the body, resulting in exposure to ankle sprain or fall injuries.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare kinematics and kinetics on the knee joint between stair gait with unstable shoes and barefoot in healthy adult women. Methods: Seventeen healthy adult women were recruited for this study. The subjects performed stair ascent and descent with unstable shoes and barefoot. The experiment was repeated three times for each stair gait with unstable shoes and barefoot. Measurement and analysis of the movements of the knee joint were performed using a three-dimensional analysis system. Results: Statistically significant differences in the knee muscle force of semimembranosus, biceps femoris-long head, biceps femoris-short head and sartorius, patellar ligament, medial gastrocnemius, and lateral gastrocnemius were observed between unstable shoes and barefoot gait during stair ascent. Statistically significant differences in the knee muscle force of sartorius, rectus femoris, medial gastrocnemius, and lateral gastrocnemius were observed between unstable shoes and barefoot gait during stair descent. Statistically significant differences in the knee flexor moment of semitendinosus, biceps femoris-long head, biceps femoris-short head, sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus intermedialis, medial gastrocnemius, and lateral gastrocnemius were observed between unstable shoes and barefoot gait during stair ascent. Conclusion: Therefore, wearing unstable shoes during stair gait in daily life is considered to influence knee joint kinematics and kinetics due to the unstable shoes, and thus suggest the possibility that reducing the risks of pain, and knee osteoarthritis, stabilizing the knee joint caused by changes in the loading of the knee joint.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2000

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the amount of changes in the foot size on weight bearing in adult women, which might help in choosing an appropriate size of the shoes. Materials and Methods: The authors measured the length and width of the feet of 200 healthy women on weight bearing and non-weight bearing, and the size of the shoes they wore. Results: Foot length and width differences between right and left sides were 2.53 mm and 2.16 mm respectively on non-weight bearing, and 2.47 mm and 1.77 mm respectively on weight bearing. Foot length and width increased by 2.89% and 7.50% respectively on weight bearing than those on non-weight bearing. Shoe width was 6.82% longer and 9.54% narrower than the weight bearing foot size. There were 25 women who had shoe-related foot pain, all of them wore shoes that were 13.01 % or more narrower than the weight bearing foot width. Foot pain was significantly correlated with the shoe-foot width difference(p=0.0001). Conclusion: The foot size was increased by 2.89% in length and 7.50% in width with weight bearing. The width of their shoes was narrower. than the weight bearing foot width. Shoe-related foot pain was correlated with the foot-shoe width difference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.81-86
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide foot classification on 30 generation young men and women by factor analysis and cluster analysis. The sample for this work was chosen from data which were collected and measured by Size Korea during two years($2003{\sim}2004$). In order to analyze and compare features of the foot of men and women, analysis was performed about 871 subjects(male: 422, female: 449) on 24 body parts including height, width, thickness, circumference, length and angle. According to the result of factor analysis about measured data, there were seven factors and six factors for men and women respectively. After cluster analysis, data for men and women were commonly divided by three types for utilization of research results. Type 1 and type 3 had wide distribution about men. Type 2 had wide distribution about women. The results of this study can be applied in manufacturing and design of comfortable shoes and socks.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 2021

This study examines the impact of perceived risks for smart shoes based on purchase intention by type of smart shoes as well as how they are mediated by fashion innovativeness and technology innovativeness. It also compares the differences between awareness, interest and perceived risk of smart shoes by gender and age. This study was conducted based on men and women in their 20s to 50s who provided 246 samples for data analysis using SPSS 25.0. The results show significant differences in the awareness, interests and perceived economic risk of smart shoes by gender and age. The perceived performance risk had a positive effect on the purchase intention of smart shoes for GPS. Perceived aesthetic-psychological risk had a negative effect on all types of smart shoes. Perceived economic risk had a negative effect on the purchase intention of smart shoes for entertainment; in comparison, perceived social risk had a positive effect on the purchase intention of smart shoes for GPS and entertainment. Fashion innovativeness and technology innovativeness also mediated the relationship between perceived economic risk as well as the purchase intention of smart shoes for healthcare, GPS and entertainment.