• Informatization Policy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.3-25
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• 2022

The governance structure of public broadcasters is the hottest topic in domestic media policy. This study examines the flow of discussions by period by synthesizing the research literature on the governance structure of domestic public broadcasting since 2000. As a result, active discussion on the governance structure of public broadcasting was confirmed to have appeared following the conservative governments after 2008, derived from the "crisis theory of public broadcasting." In addition, the discussion was conducted centered on the public values of public broadcasting and direction of system improvement, political independence of public broadcasting, composition of the board of directors, and presidential election system. This study suggested that future discussions on the governance structure of public broadcasting should expand the existing discussion of political independence to encompass the values, responsibilities, and systems of public broadcasting that presuppose citizen participation.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

The Bethesda System (TBS) was first developed in 1988 for the need to enhance the communication of the cytopathologic findings to the referring physician in unambiguous diagnostic terms. The terminology used in this reporting system should reflect current understanding of the pathogenesis of cervical/vaginal disease so the framework of the reporting system should be flexible enough to accommodate advances in medicine including virology, molecular biology, and pathology. Three years after the Introduction of TBS, the second Bethesda workshop was held to set or amend diagnostic criteria for each categories of TBS. TBS 1991 is now widely used. The third Bethesda workshop, The Bethesda System 2001 Workshop, was held in National Cancer institute Bethesda, Maryland from April 30 to May 2, 2001. Again, the goals of this workshop were to promote effective communication and to clarify in reporting cervical cytopathology results to clinicians and to provide with the information to make appropriate decisions about diagnosis and treatment. Nine forum groups were made and there were Web-based bulletin board discussions between October, 2000 and the first week of April, 2001. On the basis of bulletin board comments and discussions, the forum moderators recommended revised terminologies in the Workshop. Hot discussions were followed after the presentation by forum moderators during the workshop. Terminologies confusing clinicians and providing no additional informations regarding patient management were deleted in the workshop to clarify the cervicovaginal cytology results. Any informations related to the patient management were encouraged to add. So 'Satisfactory for evaluation but limited by...' of 'Specimen Adequacy' catergory was deleted. Terminology of 'Unsatisfactory' was further specified as 'Specimen rejected' and 'Specimen processed and examined, but unsatisfactory'. Terminologies of 'Benign Cellular Change' and 'Within Normal Limits' were combined and terminology was changed to 'Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy'. In General categorization, category 'Other' was newly inserted and the presence of 'Endometrial cells' in women over 40 years old can be checked. Although the category 'Benign Cellular Change' was deleted, the organisms or reactive changes of this category can be listed in the descriptive diagnoses. Terminologies of ASCUS and AGUS were changed to atypical squamous cell and atypical glandular cell, respectively. Diagnostic term of 'Adenocarcinoma in situ', which is highly reproducible with reliable diagnostic criteria, was newly Inserted. The category of hormonal evaluation was deleted. Criteria for liquid-based specimen were discussed. Reporting by computer-assisted cytology was discussed and terminology for automated review was newly inserted. This is not the final edition of Bethesda 2001. The final document can be prepared before the ASCCP meeting in which Consensus Guidelines for the Management on Cytology Abnormalities and Cervical Precursors will develop in September 2001.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2018

In the fourth industrial revolution era triggered by the popularization of smart phones, Human daily life and all industrial sites are becoming software and intelligent. With the universal software education for all students nationwide from 2018, Demand is surging, and hardware is interlocked using software technology and Arduino. However, expensive control boards and dozens of different electronic components have to be prepared separately and problems are occurring. In addition, if the same training is repeated, Significantly many parts are lost or destroyed. Being prepared to start a new class is also becoming a very serious problem. In this study, we implement VR technology based on virtualization technology of Arduino board and various electronic parts. In addition, 3D graphics realistic Arduino kit and various electronic components are provided in API form. In this paper, we propose a method of interworking software and virtual hardware on virtualization base.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of different sensory information on the motor function which is resulted from visual stimuli. Particularly, it was focused on the effect of complementary color stimuli on reaction time. Twenty volunteers(10 men & 10 women), between the age of 20 and 25 yearn participated in this experiment. Experiments were carried out in a light & sound-attenuated chamber, and the overall system consisted of a PC. interface card. LEDs. key board switch, and display panel. Although many measurements of sensory-motor integration has been studied the quantitative analysis of sensory-motor integration has not been developed well. Quantitative analyses were performed to investigate the effect of the different sensory information on the arm motor system in the point of view sensory-motor integration. The result showed that the reaction time for visual stimuli of complementary colors was faster than that under same color environments : and, in same color environments and the reaction speed was varied inversely with respect to the magnitude of the light wavelength.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to figure out the preference features on design components of shop facade on the basis of the questionnaire survey on short-term memory and sensory memory of human right after an image experiment. As for a preceding research, this study examined the design features of facade into tangible elements and intangible elements, and also classified them into physical, aesthetical, marketing and symbolic components in detail. And, it extracted 5 representative elements in preceding studies including shape, material, pattern, color and sign, which is the standard of a questionnaire survey and preference analysis. The subjects of the experiment were 30 men and women who were over 20 years old majoring interior design. They were exposed to 20 images with 10 seconds respectively through a video, and were asked to respond the questionnaire promptly. The findings of preference analysis of design components of facade including shape, material, pattern, color and sign are as follows. Firstly, shape was the most interesting and attracting component, and designs applied with shape of objects such as 'web', 'drawer', 'wheel' and 'button' obtained high preference. Secondly, as for material, block, steel, exposed concrete board attracted higher preference as memorable materials than other materials. Material was affected by shape, pattern and color. Thirdly, pattern was the most lasting element. Designed pattern had higher preference than simple pattern. Fourthly, as for color, red and green with strong stimulation and attention attained priority having long lasting memory. Fifthly, when visiting a shop, sign out of 5 elements of shape, material, pattern, color and sign drew attention the most. As for the preference of location of sign, 'center top' was the most noticeable. The findings of this study could be utilized for facade design, and also could be used for commercialization considering highly preferred components, and top preference aspects of such elements. advised that to give an impression to customers is important to make a successful design for sales marketing, which, in turn, would lead customers to revisit the shop.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.453-464
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to gain some basic material for the improvement of dental clinics' homepages through a survey investigation, in which college students of Dental Hygiene Departments and Dental Hygienists in Kwangju and Cheollanamdo Province Methods : It conducted the self-reported questionnaire survey on the Recognition Degrees of the Dental Clinics' Homepages from May 26, 2010 to October 19 targeting 240 dental hygienists who are working for dental offices and 638 college students of Dental Hygiene Departments. Results : 1. It was asked whether they have visited dental homepages for the recent one year; 'yes' answers occupied 68.1%, double than 'no' answers. 2. It was asked how much they know services provided in dental homepages; The more respondents correctly answered that there exist all these services like general information service, visitor's book and bulletin board service, reservation service, dental information service, counseling service, and visual service. 3. All the respondents answered that the homepage of each dental clinic is closely related with the image of the clinic : freshmen showed 3.84, sophomore showed 4.03, juniors showed 4.03, and dental hygienists showed 3.88. 4. It was asked how much they know services provided in dental homepages; Are there the homepages for dental hygienists? Many of them answered that IT experts or businesses are managing the homepages in the technical respect(38.4%) and their use and general administration mainly belongs to dental hygienists(46.2%). Conclusions : It is necessary that through the studies of dental hygienists' interest and understanding on dental homepages we have to seek the development orientation of the technical management and the way of using them, and furthermore we have to know the thoughts of patients on dental homepages, who are users of the dental informations, and find the ways of improving medical services which the patients want.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.152-164
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the status and need for nutrition and dietary life education among nutrition teachers at schools. These characteristics were analyzed if they were different between elementary schools and middle-high schools. Methods: Subjects were 151 nutrition teachers from 70 elementary schools, 41 middle schools and 40 high schools in 17 cities nationwide selected by two-stage stratified cluster sampling process. Survey questionnaires included the items on general characteristics, status and need assessment for nutrition and dietary life education. Chi-square test or t-test was used for data analysis by school groups. Results: Nutrition education was implemented at 65.7% of elementary schools and 51.9% of middle-high schools. Nutrition education was mainly performed in 'discretionary activities extracurricular activities' at elementary school and through 'newsletters, school homepage, foodservice bulletin board' at middle-high school (p<0.001). The most needed topic for nutrition education in nutrition teachers was 'healthy dietary habits and table manners' and this was not significantly different by school groups. Responses on adequate frequency (p<0.01), methods used for nutrition education (p<001), materials for nutrition education (p<0.001), information sources for nutrition education (p<0.001) were significantly different by school groups. Major tasks for activating nutrition education included 'securing the time for implementing nutrition education by reducing work loads' and 'developing standardized nutrition education materials' in schools. Conclusions: Nutrition education at schools might be activated by improving working conditions of nutrition teachers and developing the practical programs that reflect the needs of nutrition teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the most effective feedback condition for static balance in elderly subjects. METHODS: Thirty-eight elderly subjects (12 men and 26 women with a mean age of 77.21 years) participated in this study. They each completed a questionnaire on their general characteristics, excluding personal identification codes. The static balance ability of the participants was evaluated using a Wii Balance Board and the Balancia program (version 2.0). The following three feedback conditions were considered: condition 1 (tactile feedback), condition 2 (visual feedback), and condition 3 (no feedback). One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for the comparisons according to sway length and sway velocity. The statistical significance level was set to α = .05 for all variables. RESULTS: Significant differences in the sway length and sway velocity were observed between the three conditions (p < .05). Significant differences in the sway length were noted in the order of conditions 1, 2, and 3 (p < .05), and significant differences in the sway velocity in the order of conditions 3, 2, and 1 (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Significant differences in static balance ability were observed between the three conditions. In this study, tactile feedback was found to be the most effective feedback for balance training. Owing to aging and impairment of the senses, such as that observed in the tactile receptors, visual receptors, and proprioceptors, it is recommended that elderly subjects participate in balance training.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to (1) identify the evaluation categories, areas, attributes, and criteria of the school food service program using both a qualitative and a quantitative analyses, (2) define the relative importance of the evaluation categories, areas, attributes, and criteria of the school food service program using analytic hierarchy process, (3) organize the evaluation system to improve quality of the school food service in Korea. A survey was conducted from August to October 2004 to collect data from 172 dietitians, 15 school food service officials at the educational board, 10 professionals of school food service. Statistical analyses were performed on the data utilizing the SPSS 12.0 for Windows and Excel, such as Descriptive statistics and analytic hierarchy process was performed. The result of the analytic hierarchy process indicated that relative importance of evaluation category was 0.4319 (food service manage ment), 0.2369 (nutrition education), 0.1455 (satisfaction) and 0.0912 (parent involvement program). 'Sanitation, safety and facility (0.1739)' was the most important area among the subcategories of food service management, followed by nutrition management (0.1581), procurement (0.1375), production (0.1345), organization and personnel management (0.0662), planning (0.0644), food service evaluation (0.0585), financial accountability (0.0555), and information management (0.0554). There existed a relative importance on the three areas of the nutrition program and satisfaction evaluation category: students (0.5281, 0.6221), parents (0.1812, 0.1491), and teachers (0.1838, 0.1618). In the parent involvement program evaluation category, relative importance of committee and monitoring management was 0.4658 and information communication was 0.3724. The quality of food and service to school children can be improved by the appropriate application of the developed evaluation tool for the school food service program.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.919-924
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• 2016

In this study, 20 men and women in their 20s were divided into a footboard passive stretching group and a manual passive stretching group. After stretching was applied to the soleus for 5 weeks, a comparative analysis was performed on the range of motion(ROM) of the ankle joint to determine changes in the flexibility of the soleus. Both the footboard stretching group and manual stretching group first performed stretching for 15 sec, followed by a 10-sec break. One set consisted of performing the above process twice consecutively, and each group had to perform five sets in total. A goniometer was used as a measuring instrument. The results of the experiment were analyzed using a nonparametric analysis, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Mann-Whitney test. SPSS WIN 18.0 was employed for the statistical analysis. In terms of the comparison of the flexibility before and after the experiment according to the different interventions, the application of footboard stretching to the soleus for 5 weeks resulted in $3.2^{\circ}$ right dorsiflexion (p=.009), $6.98^{\circ}$ right plantar flexion(p=.008), $4.14^{\circ}$ left dorsiflexion(p=.005), and $10.97^{\circ}$ left plantar flexion(p=.007), which were all statistically significant increases. The application of manual stretching led to $6.04^{\circ}$ right dorsiflexion(p=.005), $12.14^{\circ}$ right plantar flexion(p=.005), $7.00^{\circ}$ left dorsiflexion (p=.008), and $16.38^{\circ}$ left plantar flexion(p=.005). Therefore, both footboard stretching and manual stretching were effective in enhancing the flexibility of the soleus. However, statistically significant larger increases in the ROM of the ankle joint were observed in the manual stretching group.