• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.783-801
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to grasp the influencing factors on the labor market entry of disabled women, and to suggest policy alternatives to support the labor market entry of them. This article utilized the survey data of the 3rd to the 7th Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled in 2010-2014(by PSED), which is a longitudinal survey for the disabled in Korea. I analyzed the pattern changes of the labor market entry of them with the passage of years, and the influencing factors on that by the event history analysis. The major findings are as follows: First, according to the life table analysis involved in change of the labor market entry, 90% of them continued to remain the longest period of unemployment for four years and the labor market entry rate was only 10% of them. Second, the result of Cox regression analysis shows that public benefit recipient or not, the degree of disability and discrimination experience at the job market were factors to affect the labor market entry. With these results, this study suggested the practical alternatives to improve the labor market entry of disabled women.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.215-245
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide policy implications on the settlement of regional labor market of young women through detailed study on the experience of regional labor market in Jeollanam-do Province. For this purpose, this study analyzed the labor mobility experience in the regional labor market of young women, which lacked specific case studies. In this study, we have identified the causes of job changes by dividing the labor mobility of young women into intra-career moves and inter-career moves. For the causes of labor mobility we divided into two aspects: problems in preparation for employment and employment conditions. The inter-career moves included more diverse factors than intra-career moves. In the inter-career moves, problems in preparation for employment were highlighted as the causes of job changes. In the case of moving within the career, young women would leave because of the employment conditions such as the expiration of the employment period, but the turnover appears to be the way of retaining their previous career. On the other hand, in the case of intra-career moves, the strong desire to maintain the career was shown, and at the same time, the possibility of leaving the region was also high. Based on the case study, this study proposed systematic career counseling for career match, and construction of career management system to support continuous career development.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 1973

It is a general trend in the world that female workers are drastically increasing due to the facts that highly developed capitalism requires women's job, women are inspired to work, housewives can shorten their working hours for house-keeping and save their energy from their routine works, educational expenses of their children become larger, large among of modities has stimulated purchasing desire. Since the International Treaty on Prohibition of Female's Night Labor was agreed at the Bern's Conference in 1906, the International Labor Organization (I.L.O.) established after the World War II, has adopted innumerable international labor treaties. According to the laws of the advanced countries, the first priority of their protection has been placed on juvenile and female workers. The legal protection of female workers and equal treatments such as wage and promotion between men and women have become important world problems. In this thesis, the great principle of the Labor Standard Law, protection regarding working house, risk and harm in performance of jobs, protection of mother-workers, protection of women workers in advanced countries and the present status of welfare facilities for women workers in our country will be studied. The most important points this thesis has placed stress and appealed, are as follows : 1. The scope and variety of women workers' jobs should be broadened. 2. Opportunity for promotion should be guaranteed for women workers based upon the ability and capacity of individual woman worker. 3. Equal wage principle between men and women workers, should be established based upon the idea that men and women should be equal. 4. The age limit or marriage limit of employment applied only to female workers, should be abrogated. 5. The ability of middle and old aged women workers should be developed and utilized to the maximum extent. 6. Welfare facilities for women workers, should be urgently secured and guaranteed.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2006

Purpose: This study purposed on investigating how the emotional labor affects the physical uncomfortable feeling of the workers in the department store. Method: The method of data collection was used of questionnaire for 574 workers of one department store located in Seoul. The period of data collection was done from November 1, 2004 to November 30 for about one month. The working career of the participants was over one month at that department. Result: The degree of emotional labor for participants, men were $3.21{\pm}0.53$ for the total point of 5.0 point, and the degree of the physical uncomfortable feeling was $3.07{\pm}0.48$ for total of 5.0 point. The degree of emotional labor for participants, women were $3.22{\pm}0.42$ for the total point of 5.0 point, and the degree of the physical uncomfortable feeling was $3.13{\pm}0.42$ for total of 5.0 point. In order to analyze the factors that affected the emotional labor and physical uncomfortable feeling, the multi-level reflecting analysis was used. As a result, men were insecurity of job influenced the emotional labor feeling in remarkable degree, women were the responsibility of job influenced the emotional labor. Men were insecurity and responsibility of job influenced physical uncomfortable feeling in remarkable degree, women were responsibility of job and emotional labor influenced the physical uncomfortable feeling in remarkable degree. Conclusion: The results of this study show that various strategies to remove the factors of job insecurity in order to reduce the level of emotional labor of the workers at the department store should be devised. In addition, the special way to minimize the physical insecurity should be contrived and carried out. Since the workers of the department stores had higher emotional labor, the factors of stress need to be analyzed and should be removed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.218-229
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and examine the validity and reliability of a self-efficacy scale for preventive health management related to premature labor (PHMSE-PL) for women of childbearing age. Methods: Instrument development and validation were undertaken in three steps: conceptualization through a literature review and in-depth interviews, item generation and evaluation of content validity, and evaluation of construct validity and reliability. The content validity, factorial structure validity, and internal consistency reliability of the PHMSE-PL were evaluated, and cognitive interviewing was undertaken. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's α, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The content validity was assessed by experts and was strengthened through cognitive interviews with women of childbearing age. The PHMSE-PL comprised 34 items across five factors. The construct validity of the PHMSE-PL was supported. Cronbach's α for the total scale was .97 (95% CI=.96-.97). Conclusion: An evaluation of the psychometric properties of the PHMSE-PL scale found it to be a valid and reliable tool for women of childbearing age. The scale appears to be useful for women of childbearing age to self-assess their preventive health management self-efficacy related to premature labor and for health professionals to evaluate and promote women's preventive health management.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 1996

This study was conducted to identify the educational need of pregnant women, and to evaluate the effect of the 2-hour childbirth class provided by researchers. The subjects were composed of 183 pregnant women who participated voluntarily in the 2-hour childbirth class, and the data were collected by self reporting structured questionnaire designed by researchers. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired t test, and McNemar test by SPSS pc program. The results were as follows ; 1. Mean age of th subjects was 27 and most subjects graduated from the high school and the college. 80.3% of the subjects had nuclear family. 82.5% of the subjects were full time housewives. 2. 85.8% of the subjects were ipara. Though 71.6% of the subjects might have antepartal care in the clinic, 67.2% of the subjects had no chance to participate in the childbirth class before this study. 3. Subject's health and lifestyle, especially related to eating habits, were changed in the antepartum period. We found that the pregnancy affected positively on health and lifestyle of the women. Over 75% of the subjects became to understand the progress of labor, breath methods during the labor, and perineal exercise. Most subjects changed to think that they could control their body more actively and positively during the labor after participating in the childbirth class. 93.4% answered that 'childbirth class was necessary and important'. Most subjects wanted to be taught the contents, such as postpartum care, breast feeding, and infant care in the childbirth class. In conclusion, pregnant women to attend the childbirth educational program with their husband, and the 2-hour childbirth class provided by the researchers very effective in many aspects. Therefore we anticipated that the childbirth class on basis of pregnant women's needs will contribute to improvement of pregnant women's health and well-being during the labor.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.247-261
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• 1991

This Study is designed to present the concret data on the contents of the economic role and their change in the recent decade among women in a Korean Village. The Case Study method was used and the data was obtained through the participant observation. This Study is composed of the three parts. The first part deals with the effect of the agricultural mechanization upon the agricultural labor pattern of women. The second part examines how the introduction of a golf course and the textile factory in the vinicity affects the labor pattern among village women. The last part tries to demonstrate that the increasing contribution of women to the village economy has not yet produced any positive effect to their social status in the village. This is seen through the detailed description of two important village activities, one social(Tae dong-Gae) and the other ritual (Mokshinjae). The Results of the Study can be summarized as fallows. Firstly, the mechanization of farming is responsible for the increasing marginalization of women's labor in farming. This is particularly true for rice cultivation. Horticulture is still cultivated by women. As the mechanization progresses further, this trend will be more articulated. Secondly, it is found that women are actively utilizing the new external economic opportunities. In fact they are found to prefer those non-farming works to the traditional farming work. The former offers them less burdened work, less working hours, and more income than the letter. Lastly, women are found to be completely excluded from the process of the two important village activities. Only men are participants in them, and women only provides the labor for preparation of food and the necessary chores.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.331-347
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects on labor pain and duration of delivery time for primipara women treated by Hob-Gog (LI-4) pressure. 1. The proposed hypothesis was that 'the score of labor pain could be lower in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the control group'. 1-1. The sub hypothesis was that the score of subjective labor pain would be lower in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the group which did not have LI-4 pressure applied. 1-2. Another sub hypothesis was that the score of objective labor pain would be lower in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the group which did not have LI-4 pressure applied. 2. The proposed hypothesis was that 'the score of duration of delivery time could be shorter in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied than in the control group'. The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized post test only design to verify the effect on labor pain for primipara women treated by LI-4 pressure and to evaluate the benefits of using LI-4 pressure on some women and judging the degree of their labor pains in comparison with other primipara women not treated with LI-4 pressure. The subjects included 63 primipara women who underwent vaginal delivery, who were between 38-41 weeks intra uterine pregnancy; who did not have any complications; and who were under pitocin augmentation or induction. They were recruited with informed consent; 34 were in the control group and 29 were in the experimental group. The study was measured with a structured questionnaire consisting of general characteristics, knowledge related to delivery, subjective (Johnson, 1974) and objective(McLachlan, 1974) labor pain scale, data collection was done by research during the period from April, 2000 to July, 2000 and data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, and t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The scores of total labor pain in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied were lower($347.62{\pm}49.84$) than in the group($411.02{\pm}55.79$) which did not have LI-4 pressure applied; And these differences were statistically significant(t=4.7193, p=.000). 1-1. The scores of subjective labor pain in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied were lower($203.44${\pm}33.88$)$ than in the group ($$233.82{\pm}31.31$$) which did not have LI-4 pressure applied(t=3.6953, p=.000). 1-2. The scores of objective pain in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied were lower ($144.18{\pm}29.12$) than in the group which did not have LI-4 pressure applied($177.20{\pm}35.01$). but there were no statistically significant differences found in regard to the scores of objective pain(t=4.0271, p=.000). 3. The duration of delivery time in the group which had LI-4 pressure applied was shorter ($390.51min{\pm}111.91$) than in the group ($460.44min{\pm}190.78$)which did not have LI-4 pressure applied and the duration of delivery time in the experimental group was statistically more significant than that in the control group. therefore this thesis was adapted(t=1.734, p=.0879). It could be concluded that LI-4 pressure is effective in relation to labor pain and duration of delivery time for primipara women. Therefore it is necessary to increase the number of subjects to generalize this result.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 1998

We analysed the determinants of part-timer labor demand and supply in Kwangju. The findings of the paper are as follows; First, firms employ part-timer workers in the unskilled or skilled jobs not demanding much training cost. There are two reasons for firms to employ part-time workers: labor cost cut and flexible employment adjustment. Estimated wage differential is 40% not including fringe benefits differential. Second, we find lots of married women to want part-time jobs. The more probably married women choose part-time work, the younger and the less educated they are, and the less kids and the less other income they have.

• Issues in Feminism
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-83
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• 2011

This article explores the characteristics of care and care labor which is core keyword of the welfare state and the way of institutionalization of care labor, focusing specially on differences among women. Caring is defined by the expression of morality and labor accompanied by concrete action. But, care labor in the welfare state is defined by "activities involved in caring for the ill, elderly, handicapped and dependent", and I think, that definition is more useful than the narrow one for policy institutionalization. But the latter definition intentionally separates the domestic work from care work. Care labor is considered to be different from the market labor in terms of motivations, but there are some limits in standardization and commercialization of the traits of emotional and moral engagement. Thus, requiring of emotional motivation as one of the job descriptions is not realistic. Welfare state is institutionalizing women's unpaid care work in family through de-familization, and its policy tools are cash benefits and services for care-related, which influence to the female wage worker and fulltime housewife, care receiver and care giver, and polarization of women's class in a very different way. Cash benefits enhances the division of gender labor, polarizes the care laborer and weakens of expansion the care as decent job. The movement of feminist welfare state have a vision of universal service expansion and need the policy list for de-gendering of care labor.