• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.283-309
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• 1992

This study examines work and family life of married women employed in a manufacturing industry. Data were gathered from the use of fact-to-face interview method from a sample of 230 married working women. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : (1) With high rates of change of job, most of the respondents remain unstable in their working situation. It was shown that the important factors influencing job satisfaction of married women are women's life cycle, degree of contribution of wife's income toward total family income, and husband's attitude toward wife's empolyment. The degree of job satisfaction is also strongly influenced by labor structural factors such as pay, work environment and fringe benefits. (2) The amount of household labor time was limited by job-related factors rather than by family-related factors, because among these working women employment itself is necessarily for their subsistance. (3) It was shown that wives participated more actively in their marital communications than their husbands. Most of the respondents showed the syncratic type of the decision making patterns, but this results does not necessarily mean wives exercised an equal power with their husbands. The economic factors and the emotional instability of the husband are the ones mostly influencing marital conflicts of the employed women. It was found that the respondents easily revealed marital conflicts related to personal problems of their husbands(such as extramarital affairs, gambling and alchoholism). However, they tried to overcome the structural conflicts related to authoritarian attitudes of their husbands or economic problems without any complaints. (4) Mothers have difficulty in controlling their adolescent children, due to the weakening of parental authority. Although most of the respondents perceived their employment as having negative impacts on their children, they still have high expectations toward their children. Inspite of low degree of father role expectations and facther role performance of their husbands, most of the respondents anticipated expressive roles as well as traditionally instrumental role from their husbands. Finally, these findings would help us determine family welfare policies in Korea. Improvements in paid and household labor structure of married women should be accomplished at the national level. Also, the acting programs for parent education, marital councelling services, and law enforcement for equal employment between men and women should be provided in our society.

• 지역연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2016

본 연구는 서울 지역노동시장권에서 여성장애인 임금근로자가 이중차별적 임금차별을 경험하고 있는지, 그리고 그 정도가 어떠한지를 실증적으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 선행연구 고찰을 바탕으로 지역노동시장에서 여성장애인이 겪는 이중차별 메커니즘을 파악하고, Oaxaca-Blinder 모형과 Juhn-Murphy-Pierce 모형을 이용하여 여성장애인이 겪는 임금격차를 보다 엄밀하게 분석하고자 하였다. 분석자료로는 1차(2008년)와 5차(2012년)의 장애인고용패널조사 자료와 11차(2008년)와 15차(2012년)의 한국노동패널조사 자료를 사용하였다. 임금격차 분해 결과에 따르면, 서울 지역노동시장권 내 여성장애인들은 장애와 여성이라는 조건으로 인해 이중적으로 임금차별을 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 여성장애인이 가진 특성과 관측되지 않은 임금결정요소들의 시간에 따른 변화는 장애와 성별에 기인한 임금격차 수준을 전반적으로 감소시켰다. 여성장애인이 가진 특성변화에 따른 임금보상수준 및 관측되지 않은 노동시장 내의 임금불평등도 변화로 인해 성별임금격차는 감소했지만 장애임금격차는 오히려 증가한 것으로 나타났다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.499-507
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to explore nursing needs during labor pain that had been suffered by women who have given birth. It is essential to identify the nursing needs in order to solve nursing problems and to provide better care for the parturients. The sample consisted of 20 women of primiparas and 17 women of multiparas. They underwent normal labor and delivered a healthy baby at term. The data had been collected through the unstructured interviews conducted 1-2 days after delivery in the admission room from March 1998 to March 1999. On average, the interviews lasted for about 30 minutes. Interviews were taken with the consent of the subjects. The data are categorized according to the similarities of their contents. Seventeen subordinate categories and six superordinate categories have been identified. Six superordinate categories are 1) physical nursing needs 2) nursing needs of medical behavior 3) emotional nursing needs 4) informational and teaching nursing needs 5) nursing needs of pain control 6) nursing needs of respect(personality). Seventeen subordinate categories include: comfortable posture, touch, professional knowledge and techniques, duty execution, support, company and talk, stable surroundings, reassurance, information on delivery, explanation of medical behavior, information on surroundings, instruction on the case of pain, arbitrary adjustment, artificial adjustment, respect, interest and reflection of opinions. The result of this research is the same as that of foreign research and the items of the questionnaire in Korea are the same as the foreign one. Despite the same result, however, this dissertation is significant in that the research identifies the parturients nursing needs and classified the data and thus the basis has been formed to develop the tools to assess the nursing needs of the Korean parturients. The findings can be used as the guide for nursing intervention of parturients.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.538-549
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• 2002

This study was designed to test the effects of a full body massage on uterine contraction, length of labor, type of delivery, and drug intervention for primipara during labor. Data were collected using a quasi-experiment method (nonequivalent control group, pre-post test design) from November 1, 2001 to July 31, 2002. The subjects of this experiment consisted of 28 women in the experimental group and 29 in the control group, out of 57 primipara hospitalized at the U OB & GYN hospital in Inchon. The experimental group was given a 20 minute full body massage for each of the three delivery phases (latent, active, and transition). The control group was given conventional delivery care. Three (3) parameters were analyzed in this experiment. (1) The interval, duration, and strength of uterine contraction, using an electric tocodynamometer (2) The elapsed time for stage 1 and stage 2 labor. (3) The types of deliveries and drug interventions, using postpartum medical records The data collected were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and $x^2$ test of the SPSS program. The results of the experiment are as follows: 1) Uterine contraction interval was significantly reduced (F=3.210, p=.050). Duration of uterine contraction showed significant increase only during the transition phase (t=-2.319, p=.023). Strength of uterine contraction showed no significant difference. 2) Total length of labor was significantly shortened (t=-5.245, p=.000). The length of 1st stage labor was significantly shortened (t=-5.164, p=.000), with latent phase showing (t=-4.709, p=.000), active phase (t=-2.973, p=.005), and transition phase (t=-2.031, p=.047). The length of 2nd stage labor showed no significant difference. 3) The number of natural deliveries were significantly increased ($x^2$=13.127, p=.004). 4) The number of drug interventions were significantly fewer ($x^2$= 4.493, p=.034). In conclusion, this study shows that a full body massage has a significantly positive effect on uterine contraction interval, length of labor, type of delivery, and drug intervention. Therefore, this study suggests that a full body massage be used clinically to help primipara during labor.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.95-128
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• 2018

본 연구는 우리나라 기혼여성들의 시간제, 전일제 등 근로형태가 오래 지속되는지 아니면 근로형태간 이동이 활발한지를 상태의존성(state dependence) 추정을 통하여 살펴보고, 최근의 변화를 분석하였다. 동태적 다항로짓모형(dynamic multinomial logit model) 추정결과 시간제와 전일제 상호간 이동성이 최근 낮아지면서 각 근로형태의 상태의존성은 강화되는 모습을 보였다. 따라서 시간제일자리는 전일제와 미취업 사이에서 근로형태간 이동을 활발하게 하는 디딤돌 또는 쉼터의 역할이 약화되고 전일제 외에 노동시장 참여 옵션을 제공하는, 전일제와는 구분된 추가적 일자리형태로 기능하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.188-202
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effect of one-to-one labor support on labor pain, labor stress response, childbirth experience and neonatal status for primipara by a quasi experiment (nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from April 30, 1999 to February 20, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of eighty two primipara with single gestation, full term, uncomplicated pregnancies. Forty one were in the experimental group and forty one in the control group. Their mean age was 25.95 years, their mean gestation period was 39.9 weeks. A caring package of one-to-one labor support had three components. Physical support consisted of massage, back pressure, touch. Emotional support was provided by a continuous nurse's presence, acceptance and encouragement. Informational support involved teaching breathing skills, relaxation skills and knowledge about the labor process. Data assessed labor pain, pulse rate and blood pressure to measure labor stress response. Also, in measuring the value of labor stress response, plasma epinephrine, plasma norepinephrine and serum cortisol were measured. In the 24 hours after birth, the data for the postpartum mother's childbirth experiences was collected. Umbilical cord arterial blood pH, one minute and five minute Apgar score were measured after birth. Data was analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA with SAS Program. The results were as follows; 1. Labor pain was significantly low in the experimental group(P=.016). 2. No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, serum cortisol, pulse rate and blood pressure. 3. The childbirth experience of the experimental group was significantly more positive than the control group (P = .005). 4. The umbilical cord arterial blood pH of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P=.014). There was no significant difference between the two groups in neonatal one minute and five minute Apgar scores. In conclusion, these findings indicate that one-to-one labor support could be effective in decreasing labor pain, and increasing positive childbirth experiences, also increasing the neonatal umbilical cord arterial blood pH for primipara. So, one-to-one labor support could be applied as an effective nursing treatment for primipara.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.534-548
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• 2012

This study investigates the emotional labor of fast fashion sales personnel using the qualitative research method. The research was performed through an in-depth interview with 10 sales personnel (managers, coordinators, head cashiers, and sales associates) who experienced fast fashion brands from July to October in 2011. The results of this study provide that fast fashion brands do have specific feeling rules and display behavior. Even though the sales personnel spend an extremely short time (about 1 minute) to serve customers, most of them experience exhaustion, fatigue, burnout and self-alienation because of emotional dissonance. Sales personnel do deep-acting and surface acting simultaneously and interviewees who have longer and more sales experience express less emotional dissonance. To reduce the negative results of emotional labor, the company plays an important role through the organizational culture; in addition, deep-acting could be recommended for a beginner until they are comfortable with sales. The results of this study provide the elements of emotional labor in a fast fashion and practical suggestions for store operation and sales personnel training.

• 수완나부미
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-88
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• 2020

Two utilitarian and symbolic objects associated with womanhood in Cambodian culture are the stove and the pot. The pot is a symbol of both the womb and female sexuality; the stove is a symbol of gendered feminine labor. This article argues that the sexist representations of the Khmer female body by modern Cambodian male artists demonstrate an inherited legacy of Orientalist stereotypes. These images were formed : under French colonialism and often depict Khmer women as erotic/exotic native Others. Starting in the 1970s, however, if not earlier, Cambodian women began to question the gendering of social roles that confined them to domestic space and labor. This form of social questioning was especially present in pop songs. In recent years, contemporary Cambodian woman artists such as Neak Sophal and Tith Kanitha have made use of rice pots and stoves in their art as freighted symbols of femininity. Neak created an installation of rice pots from different households in their village, while Tith rebelled against this gendered role by destroying cooking stoves as an act of defiance against patriarchy in her performance art.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2018

Pregnancy and delivery pose a high risk of developing metabolic decompensation in women with defects of ketone body metabolism. In this review, the available reported cases in pregnancy are summarized. It is very important to properly manage women with defects of ketone body metabolism during pregnancy, especially nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy, and during labor and delivery. Pregnant women with deficiencies of HMG-CoA lyase or succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) often experience metabolic decompensations with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, often requiring hospitalization. For successful delivery and to reduce stresses, vaginal delivery with epidural anesthesia or elective cesarean delivery with epidural or spinal anesthesia are recommended for women with HMG-CoA lyase and SCOT deficiency. In beta-ketothiolase deficiency, four pregnancies in three patients had favorable outcomes without severe metabolic problems.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.33-48
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to suggest some ways to utilize effectively the labor forces of employed women. For this purpose, this stud\ulcorner examined the family’s attitudes toward the work of married women and the effects of determinants including personal characteristics, household related variables, work related variables and family’s attitudes toward the work of married women on the employment status of married women. KLFI(1995)’s National data were used and one Logistic model and one Calmed model were employed to analyze the efficients of the independent variables. The resets of this study were as follows. The family’s attitudes toward the work of married women among the employed women was highly positive and the one toward the unemployment among the unemployed women was positive too. The variables having significant effects on the husbands’attitudes and the parents(parents in law)’attitudes toward the work of married women were different. The family’s altitudes had a very significant effect on the employment status of married women. Also, the financial situation of the household and some difficulties to find proper house keepers or child care types were important variables to predict the employment status of married women.