• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.3 s.86
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• pp.369-379
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to investigate the periodontal response according to the timing of orthodontic force application after bone graft into the angular bony defect. Nine dogs were divided into three groups, 2, 4, and 6 weeks, according to the timing of orthodontic force application after bone graft. Periodontal angular bony defects were created surgically at the distal aspect of both maxillary third incisors. Two weeks later, flap operation was performed to eliminate inflammation and reference notch was made on the root surface at the level of the bottom of each defect. Demineralized freeze-dried bone was implanted on the left side whereas only debridement was done on the other side. Experimental tooth movement was executed during 8 weeks on both graft and non-graft sides. After 2 weeks of retention period, animals were sacrificed for histologic specimens. The results were obtained as follows 1 New bone formation was more pronounced in the graft side than in the non-grad side in all experimental animals. 2. In the 6-week group, new bone and cementum formation was observed in more than half from the notch to the cemento-enamel junction, and the zone of connective tissue attachment was found without apical migration of junctional epithelium. 3. In the 4-week group, the amount of new bone formation was smaller than in the 6-week group whereas the overall remodeling pattern was similar. 4. New bone formation was confined to around the notch and the junctional epithelium migrated apically to the level of the notch with no connective tissue attachment and cementum formation in the 2-week group. The results of the present study suggest that periodontal response may be influenced by the timing of orthodontic force application after bone graft into angular bony defect.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2005

Objective: For Posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF) various cages or iliac bone dowels are used with or without pedicle screw fixation(PSF). To evaluate and compare the clinical and radiological results of different fusion methods, we intend to verify the effect of added PSF on PLIF, the effect of bone cages and several factors which are thought to be related with the postoperative prognosis. Methods: One hundred and ninety seven patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and instability or spondylolisthesis underwent various fusion operations from May 1993 to May 2003. The patients were divided into five groups, group A (PLIF with autologous bone dowels, N=24), group B (PLIF with bone cages, N=13), group C (PLIF with bone dowels and PSF, N=37), group D (PLIF with bone cages and PSF, N=30) and group E (PSF with intertransverse bone graft, N=93) for comparison and analyzed for the outcome and fusion rate. Results: Outcome was not significantly different among the five groups. In intervertebral height (IVH) changes between pre- and post-operation, Group B ($2.42{\pm}2.20mm$) was better than Group A ($-1.33{\pm}2.05mm$). But in the Group C, D and E, the IVH changes were not different statistically. Fusion rate of group C, D was higher than that of Group A and B. But the intervertebral height(IVH) increased significantly in group B($2.42{\pm}2.20mm$). Fusion rate of group C and D were higher than that of group A and D. Conclusion: Intervertebral cages are superior to autologous iliac bone dowels for maintaining intervertebral height in PLIF. The additional pedicle screw fixation seems to stabilize the graft and improve fusion rates.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 1996

This study was performed to estimate the effects of cultured bone cell inoculated on porous type hydroxyaptite for the regeneration of the artificial alveolar bone defect. In this experiment 3 beagle dogs were used, and each of them were divided into right and left mandible. Every surgical intervention were performed under the general anesthesia by using with intravenous injection of Pentobarbital sodium(30mg/Kg). To reduce the gingival bleeding during surgery, operative site was injected with Lidocaine hydrochloride(l:80,000 Epinephrine) as local anesthesia. After surgery experimental animal were feeded with soft dietl Mighty dog, Frisies Co., U.S.A.) for 1 weeks to avoid irritaion to soft tissue by food. 2 months before surgery both side of mandibular 1st premolar were extracted and bone chips from mandibular body were obtained from all animals. Bone cells were cultured from bone chips obtained from mandible with Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium contained with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum under the conventional conditions. Porous type hydroxyapatite were immerse into the high concentrated cell suspension solution, and put 4 hours for attachin the cells on the surface of hydroxyapatite. Graft material were inserted on the artificial bone defect after 3 days of culture. Before insertion of cellinoculated graft material, scanning electronic microscopic observation were performed to confirm the attachment and spreading of cell on the hydroxyapatite surface. 3 artificial bone defects were made with bone trephine drill on the both side of mandible of the experimental animal. First defect was designed without insertion of graft material as negative control, second was filled with porous replamineform hydroxyapatite inoculated with cultured bone marrow cells as expermiental site, and third was filled with graft materials only as positive control. The size of every artificial bone defect was 3mm in diameter and 3mm in depth. After the every surgical intervention of animals, oral hygiene program were performed with 1.0% chlorhexidine digluconate. All of the animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 weeks after surgery. For obtaining histological section, tissus were fixed in 10% Buffered formalin and decalcified with Planko - Rycho Solution for 72hr. Tissue embeding was performed in paraffin and cut parallel to the surface of mandibular body. Section in 8um thickness of tissue was done and stained with Hematoxylin - Eosin. All the specimens were observed under the light microscopy. The following results were obtained : 1. In the case of control site which has no graft material, less inflammatory cell infiltration and rapid new bone forming tendency were revealed compared with experimental groups. But bone surface were observed depression pattern on defect area because of soft tissue invasion into the artificial bone defect during the experimental period. 2. In the porous hydroxyapatite only group, inflammatory cell infiltration was prominet and dense connective tissue were encapsulated around grafted materials. osteoblastic activity in the early stage after surgery was low to compared with grafted with bone cells. 3. In the case of porous hydroxyapatite inoculated with bone cell, less inflammatory cell infiltration and rapid new bone formation activity was revealed than hydroxyapatite only group. Active new bone formation were observed in the early stage of control group. 4. The origin of new bone forming was revealed not from the center of defected area but from the surface of preexisting bony wall on every specimen. 5. In this experiment, osteoclastic cell was not found around grafted materials, and fibrovascular invasion into regions with no noticeable foreign body reaction. Conclusively, the cultured bone cell inoculated onto the porous hydroxyapatite may have an important role of regeneration of artificial bone defects of alveolar bone.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.170-174
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• 2024

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare, asymptomatic, slow-growing benign tumor that can be divided into three variants: follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. By treating AOT using an enucleation and curettage approach, recurrence can be avoided. We report a case of a 24-year-old female who presented with a lump in the right mandibular premolar area along with diastema between displaced teeth #43 and #44 and was diagnosed with extrafollicular AOT. The patient was managed with enucleation-curettage surgery without additional bone graft procedure along with routine follow-up. A successful outcome without recurrence was achieved, and diastema closure with repositioning of the displaced teeth did not require orthodontic treatment. AOT should be managed via enucleation and curettage to obtain successful outcomes without recurrence. Spontaneous bone regeneration following enucleation can be achieved without guided bone regeneration. Also, diastema closure and repositioning of displaced teeth can occur without orthodontic interventions through physiologic drift.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.417-421
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• 2012

We present a case of a near total amputation at the distal tibial level, in which the patient emphatically wanted to save the leg. The anterior and posterior tibial nerves were intact, indicating a high possibility of sensory recovery after revascularization. The patient had open fractures at the tibia and fibula, but no bone shortening was performed. The posterior tibial vessels were reconstructed with an interposition saphenous vein graft from the contralateral side and a usable anterior tibial artery graft from the undamaged ipsilateral distal portions. The skin and soft tissue defects were covered using a subatmospheric pressure system for demarcating the wound, and a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap for definite coverage of the wound. At 6 months after surgery, the patient was ambulatory without requiring additional procedures. Replantation without bone shortening, with use of vessel grafts and temporary coverage of the wound with subatmospheric pressure dressings before definite coverage, can shorten recovery time.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

Purpose: In this study the bone healing ability of autogenous tooth bone graft material as a substitute material was evaluated in a mini-pig cranial defect model through histologic examinations and osteonectin reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) quantitative analysis. Materials and Methods: A defect was generated in the cranium of mini-pigs and those without a defect were used as controls. In the experimental group, teeth extracted from the mini-pig were manufactured into autogenous tooth bone graft material and grafted to the defect. The mini-pigs were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks to histologically evaluate bone healing ability and observe the osteonectin gene expression pattern with RT-PCR. Result: At 4 weeks, the inside of the bur hole showed fibrosis and there was no sign of bone formation in the control group. On the other hand, bone formation surrounding the tooth powder granule was observed at 4 weeks in the experimental group where the bur hole was filled with tooth powder. Osteonectin gene expression; there was nearly no osteonectin expression in the control group while active osteonectin expression was observed from 4 to 12 weeks in the experimental group. Conclusion: We believe this material will show better results when applied in a clinical setting.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 2008

To repair bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial field, bone grafts including autografts, allografts, and artificial bone are used in clinical dentistry despite several disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate new bone formation and healing in rat calvarial bone defects using hydroxyapatite (HA, $Ca_{10}[PO_4]_6[OH]_2,\;Bongros^{(R)}$, Bio@ Co., KOREA) and tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}-TCP,\;Ca_3[PO_4]_2$, Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA) mixed at various ratios. Additionally, this study evaluated the effects of type I collagen (Rat tail, BD Biosciences Co., Sweden) as a basement membrane organic matrix. A total of twenty, 8-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300g, were divided equally into a control group (n=2) and nine experimental groups (n=2, each). Bilateral, standardized transosseous circular calvarial defects, 5.0 mm in diameter, were created. In each experimental group, the defect was filled with HA and TCP at a ratio of 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, and 0:100 with or without type I collagen. Rats were sacrificed 4 and 8 weeks post-operation for radiographic (standardized plain film, Kodak Co., USA), histomorphologic (H&E [Hematoxylin and Eosin], MT [Masson Trichrome]), immunohistochemical staining (for BMP-2, -4, VEGF, and vWF), and elementary analysis (Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer AAnalyst $100^{(R)}$). As the HA proportion increased, denser radiopacity was seen in most groups at 4 and 8 weeks. In general radiopacity in type I collagen groups was greater than the non-collagen groups, especially in the 100% HA group at 8 weeks. No new bone formation was seen in calvarial defects in any group at 4 weeks. Bridging bone formation from the defect margin was marked at 8 weeks in most type I collagen groups. Although immunohistochemical findings with BMP-2, -4, and VEGF were not significantly different, marked vWF immunoreactivity was present. vWF staining was especially strong in endothelial cells in newly formed bone margins in the 100:0, 80:20, and 70:30 ratio type I collagen groups at 8 weeks. The calcium compositions from the elementary analysis were not statistically significant. Many types of artificial bone have been used as bone graft materials, but most of them can only be applied as an inorganic material. This study confirmed improved bony regeneration by adding organic type I collagen to inorganic HA and TCP mixtures. Therefore, these new artificial bone graft materials, which are under strict storage and distribution systems, will be suggested to be available to clinical dentistry demands.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.489-499
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• 2001

Bone graft and guided tissue regeneration have been used for the regeneration of periodontal tissue which is the ultimate goal of periodontal treatment. Recently, it was reported that some kind of growth factors were used for regeneration. Platelet rich plasma was researched that it could increase the density of bone and the rate of bone regeneration. For that, 25 patients which have pocket depth more than 5mm at any of 6 surfaces, of healthy patient without any systemic disease were treated. $Biogran^{?}$ Were grafted into 14 infrabony pockets as controls, and $Biogran^{(R)}$ with PRP were inserted into 31 infrabony pockets. And then, follwing evaluations were made at the end of 1, 3 and 6 months. 1. There was no statistical difference between control and experimental group in pocket depth, gingival recession, minimum probing attachment level and maximum probing attachment level at preoperation(p>0.05). 2. Decrease in probing pocket depth were reduced to 3.32mm for experimental group and 2.71mm for control group. The decrease was evident at the end of 1 month, they were 2.97mm and 2.29mm,and it was statistically difference(p<0.05). 3. Gingival recession was increased by 0.55mm in experimental group and 0.50mm in control group, it was evident at the end of 1 month. And it was statistically difference(p<0.05). 4. Minimum probing attachment level was increased by 0.35mm in experimental group and 0.36mm in control group, it was statistically difference(p<0.05). 5. Maximum probing attachment level was decreased by 3.19mm in experimental group and 2.93mm in control group, it was statistically difference(p<0.05). 6. There was no statistical difference between control and experimental group in pocket depth, gingival recession, minimum probing attachment level and maximum probing attachment level(p>0.05). There was statistical difference in decrease of pocket depth between pre-operation and 1 month after post-operation(p<0.05). In conclusion, bone graft using $Biogran^{?}$ and bone graft using $Biogran^{?}$ With platelet rich plasma were both effective in treatment of infrabony pocket, bone graft using $Biogran^{?}$ With platelet rich plasma was more effective in early soft tissue healing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.157-169
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on histologic outcomes when implant placement and lateral sinus floor elevation are performed simultaneously. Methods: Three bimaxillary premolars (P2, P3, and P4) were extracted from 4 beagle dogs 2 months before lateral sinus floor elevation. After lateral elevation of the sinus membrane, each sinus was allocated to either the test or control group. Sinuses underwent either 1) collagenated synthetic bone graft with PDRN following lateral sinus floor elevation (test group) or 2) collagenated synthetic bone graft without PDRN after lateral sinus floor elevation (control group). Eight weeks after the surgical procedure, all animals were euthanised for a histologic and histomorphometric assessment. Augmented height (AH), protruding height (PH), and bone-to-implant contact in pristine (BIC_p) and augmented (BIC_a) bone were measured. The composition of the augmented area, which was divided into 3 areas of interest located in coronal, middle and apical areas (AOI_C, AOI_M, and AOI_A), was calculated with 3 parameters: the area percentage of new bone (pNB), residual bone graft particle (pRBP), and fibrovascular connective tissue (pFVT). Results: AH, PH, BIC_p, BIC_a total, BIC_a coronal, and BIC_a middle values were not significantly different between sinuses in the control and test groups (all P>0.05). The BIC_a apical of sinuses in the test group (76.7%±9.3%) showed statistically higher values than those of sinuses in the control group (55.6%±22.1%) (P=0.038). pNB, pRBP, and pFVT showed statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in AOI_A (P=0.038, P=0.028, and P=0.007, respectively). pNB, pRBP, and pFVT in AOI_C and AOI_M were not significantly different between samples in the control and test groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The histologic findings revealed that lateral sinus floor elevation with PDRN might improve early new bone formation and enable higher bone-to-implant contact.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

Between Sep. 1986 and Mar. 1996, twenty four patients with recurrent giant cell tumor of their long bones were treated and followed up for more than two years. We applied three different modalities for treatment: curettage with bone graft, curettage and packing with polymethylmethacrylate, wide excision with or without reconstruction. During the average 51.5 months after operation(24-97 months), two of three patients who underwent curettage with bone graft showed recurrence. Patients who underwent wide excision showed no recurrence. Five of fifteen patients who underwent curettage and packing with polymethylmethacrylate showed recurrence. Four of seven who showed recurrence were treated with reapplication of curettage and packing with polymethylmethacrylate. All four patients showed no recurrence, and two of them have been followed up for more than two years. We suggest that the curettage and packing with polymethylmethacrylate is an effective treatment modality of the recurrent giant cell tumor.