• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.372-376
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• 2003

The efficacy of a medicinal herb tea (MHT) for assisting smoking cessation and for reducing withdrawal symptoms was evaluated by a placebo controlled subjective test in 100 male smokers. The MHT group experienced less craving for the taste of tobacco, and was more successful at quitting smoking. Among the subjects continuing to the final stage, 23 subjects (38.3 %) who took the MHT and 2 subjects (10.0 %) who took the placebo tea succeeded in quitting smoking. In the group taking MHT, urinary cotinine concentration increased during the first 2 weeks and then greatly decreased from weeks 2 to 4. The urinary cotinine concentration in the MHT group at week 0 was 38.6 mol/L but decreased to 24.5 mol/L by the end of week 4. MHT also reduced withdrawal symptoms, a frequent reason for failure in reducing or quitting smoking. The effects of the herbal tea on smoking cessation and withdrawal symptoms may be attributed to increased metabolism of nicotine and other effects of unidentified components of the herbal ingredients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.495-501
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• 2001

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome includes two or more of the following symptoms: autonomic hyperactivity, increased hand tremor, insomnia, nausea or vomiting, hallucinations of illusions, psychomotor agitation, anxiety, grand mal seizures. Symptoms are usually relieved by administering brain depressant. In oriental medicine, Ju sang correspond to alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Galhwahaesung-tang has been used for the treatment of Ju sang. The authors treated 2 cases of alcohol withdrawal syndome with Galhwahaesung-tang and symptoms are markedly improved. So, We report these case with a brief review of related literatures.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2017

목적: 경구 oxycodone/naloxone 복합제는 아편유사제에 의해 유발되는 변비를 완화시키거나 예방하는 목적으로 사용되고 있다. Naloxone에 의해 oxycodone의 진통 효과가 상쇄되거나 금단증상이 나타난다는 보고는 거의 없었으나 저자는 실제 임상에서 몇몇 금단증상 예를 경험하였기에 이 환자들에 대한 조사 연구를 수행하였다. 방법: 2012년 1월 1일부터 2016년 12월 31일까지 경남 지역 암센터에 방문했던 진행성 암환자들로 oxycodone/naloxone extended-release tablets를 투약 받고 마약 금단증상이 나타났던 환자들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 연구 기간 중 경구 oxycodone/naloxone을 처방 받은 1,641명의 암 환자 중, 총 10예(0.6%) 에서 마약 금단 증상을 겪었다. 금단증상 관련 통증 강도의 변화는 oxycodone/naloxone 투여 전 NRS 3에서 평균 NRS 6점으로 증가하였다. 금단증상 중 오한이 10예 중 7예에서 나타나 가장 많이 나타난 증상이었으며 그 외에 식은땀, 전신 쇠약감, 근육경련, 복부경련(각 5예), 불안(4예), 열, 어지럼증, 의식혼란, 하품(각 2예)의 순으로 빈번하게 관찰되었다. 결론: Oxycodone/naloxone extended-release 복합제에 의한 마약 금단증상은 흔하지는 않아도 적은 수의 환자에서라도 나타날 수 있다. 향후 이에 대한 다기관, 전향적 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38C권3호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 스마트폰의 중독에 따른 금단 현상을 정량적으로 제시하고자 20대 남성을 대상으로 음성 분석을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 20대 남성 20명을 대상으로 일정 시간 스마트폰을 회수하고 실험 기간 전과 후의 음성을 수집하여 이를 기반으로 스마트폰 중독에 따른 금단 현상을 연구하였다. 스마트폰 중독에 의한 금단 현상에 따른 음성 분석 연구에 적용한 기술 요소로는 정신적 불안감을 분석하는데 사용하는 음성 분석 요소인 피치 및 강도를 측정하는 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 피실험자 중 90%가 피치 분석값이 증가하였으며 95%가 강도 분석값이 감소하는 결과를 나타냈다. 끝으로 통계 분석을 통해 추출된 실험 결과 자료들의 통계적 유의성을 분석하였다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.219-226
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• 1999

Objectives : The aims of this study were to evaluate changes in plasma superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in alcohol depedence, to find out variables to influence on the SOD activities, and finally to identify the correlation of SOD activities with the alcohol-associated cognitive disorders. Methods : For 24 male alcoholics and 21 healthy male controls, plasma SOD activities were measured by spectrophotometry on 1-2 wks after alcohol withdrawal. Structured interviews and laboratory tests were also performed. Results : 1) Upon comparing SOD activities between controls and alcoholics, the SOD activities were significantly(p<0.01) lower in alcoholics($0.308{\pm}0.140$ units/mL) than in healthy controls($0.313{\pm}0.086$ units/mL). 2) Upon comparing SOD activities according to the presence of alcohol-related cognitive disorders, the SOD activities were significantly(p<0.05) lower in alcoholics with cognitive disorders($0.247{\pm}0.049$ units/mL) than in alcoholics without cognitive disorders($0.317{\pm}0.148$ units/mL). 3) Upon comparing SOD activities according to the presence of alcoholic polyneuropathy or alcohol withdrawal seizure, the SOD activities showed no significant differences between alcoholics with polyneuropathy or epilepsy and those without. 4) Upon analyzing variables influencing on the SOD activities in alcoholics, the SOD activities had the negative correlation with hemoglobin(${\gamma}=-0.433$) and severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms(${\gamma}=-0.375$). 5) Upon comparing variables according to the presence of alcohol-related cognitive disorders, the occurrence of alcoholic polyneuropathy(p<0.05) and blood phosphorus concentrations(p<0.01) were significantly higher in alcoholics with cognitive disorders than those without. 6) Upon analyzing an association between SOD activities and variables in alcoholics with cognitive disorders, the SOD activities were positively correlated with the onset age(${\gamma}=0.995$), and negatively correlated with the severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms(${\gamma}=-0.996$). Conclusions : Lower SOD activities in alcohol dependence suggested alcohol-associated cognitive disorders and alcohol withdrawal symptoms might be caused by oxidative stress.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 1995

N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor has been well known as an important mediator of several forms of neural and behavioral plasticity. But different results were reported about the effect of MK-801 or dextromethorphan on opioid dependence. The present studies examined whether NMDA receptor antagonists can alter the opioid dependence and tolerance in rodents. Naloxone precipitated withdrawal symptoms and changes of locomotor activities were observed in MK-801 or dextromethorphan pretreated morphine-dependent rats. Tail-flick assay was used for morphine analgesia and tolerance was found after 4 day's consecutive injections (10 mg/kg, s.c., twice/day) of morphine in mice. Locomotor activity was increased and the withdrawal symptoms were decreased by the pretreatment of MK-801 in morphine-dependent rats. But 0.3 mg/kg i.p. of MK-801 intensified the body weight loss and produced severe ataxia and rotation although some withdrawal signs were attenuated. Morphine induced analgesic tolerance was inhibited by the pretreatment of MK-801 and dextromethorphan. Dextromethorphan was more potent than MK-801 in inhibiting the development of the analgesic tolerance in mice. These results suggest that NMDA system may be involved in opioid withdrawal and analgesic tolerance but appropriate caution should be requested when MK-801 is used in combination with opioid because of untoward neurologic signs.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.180-188
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• 2019

본 연구는 청소년의 우울과 관련한 다양한 요인을 파악하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 2016년 한국아동 청소년패널조사를 이용하여 중학교 1학년 1,881명의 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인을 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구분석 결과, 청소년이 지각하는 주의집중 문제, 공격성, 신체 증상, 사회적 위축이 우울에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 그중 신체 증상이 우울에 가장 큰 영향요인으로 확인되었다. 청소년의 주의집중 문제, 공격성, 신체 증상, 사회적 위축이 높을수록 우울 증상이 증가하는 것으로 청소년의 우울을 54.1% 설명하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 청소년들의 정신건강을 증진하기 위한 교육적 지원 및 실천적인 개입에 도움을 제공하고자 한다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2023

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but fatal condition, with a high mortality rate. NMS is characterized by altered mental status, fever, myoclonus, autonomic dysfunctions, and elevated creatinine phosphokinase. The clinical manifestations may be confused with alcohol-related symptoms, trauma, sepsis, postoperative agitation, or malignant hyperthermia. A 69-year-old male patient with alcohol withdrawal was admitted to the operating theatre to rule out septic shock due to mesenteric injury after multiple trauma. He was suspected NMS with abrupt increase body temperature to 41.7℃ after haloperidol administration. Active cooling and rapid fluid infusion was done during anesthesia. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of NMS lead to catastrophic result. Therefore, if the patient's past medical history is unknown or clinical symptoms develop that are suggestive of NMS, early treatment must be considered.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2005

Benzodiazepines are widely used for a variety of conditions in psychiatric field. In this article, the author reviewed the indications, the effects on anxiety and sleep disorders, the side effects, the drug-drug interactions, and the tapering strategies. Benzodiazepines were relatively safe and useful for the treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders. However, used clinically, benzodiazepines can induce many adverse effects (e. g. over-sedation, cognitive impairments, paradoxical effects, dependence and withdrawal symptoms, and so on). Currently available informations about their effects on the developing fetus is controversial. For this reason, pregnant women and nursing mother should be cautioned against the use of benzodiazepines. Drug-drug interactions have to be considered in combination treatments. For the tapering issues, gradual tapering was important to prevent the withdrawal symptoms. Especially, the tapering schedules have to be individualized for the each long-term benzodiapzepine users.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

Purpose : This study investigates pediatric nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding iatrogenic narcotic analgesic withdrawal symptoms management (INAWSM). Methods : In this cross-sectional study, 253 pediatric nurses working at a tertiary hospital in Seoul participated. Instruments were the inventory consisting questionnaires on 35 items knowledge and 12 items attitude for INAWSM. Further, descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the nurses' knowledge and attitudes. Results : The correct answers rate of knowledge toward INAWSM was 44.9%. With respect to the pediatric nurses' attitudes, the participants scored an average value of $2.83{\pm}0.25$ out of 4 points. The factor related to the knowledge and attitude level was age, pediatric nursing experience, educational experience, and educational needs. Conclusions : Results revealed that pediatric nurses had inadequate knowledge and attitude on INAWSM despite a compulsory education. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient INAWSM educational program.