• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2010

Watershed runoff and turbid water dynamics were simulated in the Youngju Dam, being constructed. The runoff flow and suspended solids were simulated and then thermal stratification and turbid water current in the reservoir were predicted by HSPF and CE-QUAL-W2 model, respectively. Considering selective withdrawal, we hypothesized 3 withdrawal types from the dam, i.e. surface layer, middle layer and the lowest layer. The maximum concentration of SS was 400mg/L in reservoir and it was decreased by the withdrawal. The inflowed turbid water fell to 30 NTU after 12 days regardless of the withdrawal types, but the surface layer withdrawal was a better type at turbid water discharge than the others. In current environmental impact assessment(EIA), we concluded that runoff and reservoir water quality predicted by HSPF and CE-QUAL-W2 was desirable, and appropriate parameters were selected by continous monitoring after EIA.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the relationship between aggression, self-esteem, and social withdrawal. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional survey. This study used the 5th-year data of the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) including 218 middle school students having delinquent behavior. The collected data was analyzed through $x^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression, using SPSS/Win (ver. 23.0). Results: Significant positive correlations were found between aggression and social withdrawal and between aggression and self-esteem. Higher aggression was associated with higher social withdrawal and lower self-esteem. The results of the 2-step regression are as follows. Aggression was negatively correlated with self-esteem, whereas self-esteem was positively correlated with social withdrawals. The hierarchical multiple regression showed that 21% of the variance of aggression was significantly accounted for by self-esteem and social withdrawal. The most significant factor influencing aggression was social withdrawal. Conclusion: These results suggest that earlier screening and intervention programs to increase self-esteem and decrease social withdrawal for early adolescents should be developed to prevent aggression.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of current study was to investigate nurses and physicians' attitudes towards withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (LST) and knowledge about withdrawal of LST guideline by Korean Medical Association. Methods: Data were collected from 345 nurses and 88 physicians using a self-report questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test or ${\chi}2$ test. Results: Participants' attitudes towards withdrawal of LST were positive and there was no significant difference between nurses and physicians. Nurses' knowledge of the guideline for withdrawal of LST was significantly higher than that of physicians, whereas physicians' knowledge of the purpose of the guideline was significantly higher than that of nurses. Conclusions: Nurses and physicians' knowledge of and attitudes toward withdrawal of LST may affect the quality of life of patients and their families. The result of this study may be helpful to design a program for improving the perception on LST of healthcare providers.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.653-666
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• 2010

현 퇴직연금제도는 퇴직후 연금 지급방식에 대한 규정이 없다. 이에 대한 대안으로 연금 선진국에서 보편적으로 적용되고 있는 'Programmed Withdrawal'을 고려할 수 있다. 'Programmed Withdrawal'은 출금액의 산출방법에 따라 대표적으로 정액 방식, 정률 방식, 최종연령 방식 그리고 기대여명 방식으로 구분되며, 각 산출방식에 따라 인출할 수 있는 금액이 달라진다. 따라서 현행 자본시장통합법에 근거하여 가입자의 위험성향에 따른 투자성과를 반영하기 위하여 국내 금융자산의 기대수익률 그리고 제 6회 경험생명표을 적용한 실증분석을 실행하였다. 그 결과, 연령별, 성별로 적합한 자산투자비율이 다소 달랐으며 이로 인해 지급방식별 부족리스크와 상속재원이 달라질 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.613-621
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• 2017

본 연구는 건조된 나무못이 유지력 특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보기 위해 실시했다. 실험블록은 두께가 15 mm인 소나무와 잣나무 목재 및 파티클보드로 제작했다. 직경이 6, 8 및 10 mm인 나무못은 밤나무, 잣나무 및 백합나무 목재로 각각 제작한 다음 전건시켜 사용했다. 연구결과 나무못 직경이 증가하면 유지력은 증가했지만, 유지력 강도는 감소했다. 건조된 나무못의 유지력은 일반적인 조건의 나무못의 유지력보다 잣나무목재 실험블록에 직경이 10 mm인 백합나무 목재로 만든 나무못을 제외하고 10% 이상 증가를 보였다. 유지력 강도는 모든 수종의 나무못 직경과 실험블록에서 10% 이상 증가를 보였다. 파티클보드 실험블록에 건조된 나무못의 유지력과 유지력 강도는 각각 6~14.2%와 6.2%~18.2% 증가를 보였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2015

L-thyroxine (LT4) withdrawal prior to radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation therapy is a commonly used method for successful treatment of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, a prolonged period of hypothyroidism induced by LT4 withdrawal is sometimes associated with impaired quality of life and cardiopulmonary dysfunction in PTC patients. Furthermore, LT4 withdrawal may have a trophic effect on residual cancer by means of increased thyrotropin. We report on 2 cases of metastatic PTC patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) whose disease showed rapid worsening after LT4 withdrawal and RAI therapy. The first case is a 65-year-old woman who had PTC with multiple distant metastases and MPE. During LT4 withdrawal for RAI therapy, MPE showed rapid worsening, and the patient required repetitive therapeutic thoracentesis. The second case is a 49-year-old woman with PTC who underwent 3 additional operations for cancer recurrence in the neck lymph nodes and 6 times of RAI treatments. While preparing for the $7^{th}$ RAI treatment by withdrawing LT4, she developed MPE which became progressively aggravated after RAI therapy. Both patients experienced increased pleural effusion during the LT4 withdrawal period and a rise in the thyroglobulin level was observed after RAI therapy. MPE was not controlled with therapeutic thoracentesis and pleurodesis. Eventually, both patients died of rapid disease progression after RAI therapy. In summary, LT4 withdrawal may have an adverse effect on metastatic PTC patients, particularly those with MPE.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2021

Screw-type fasteners are widely used to make connections between wood members or between wood and steel connectors because they can tolerate the applied loads by withdrawal or shearing. In this study, we evaluated the withdrawal resistances of the screw-type fasteners and analyzed the effects of the lead-hole size, relative grain direction (tangential, radial, and cross-sections) of the wood member, screw diameter, screw type, and species. Two wood species, including domestic larch and imported spruce, and three screw-type fasteners, including domestic lag screws (diameters of 9.46, 7.79, and 6.27 mm), domestic tapping screw (diameter, 6.3 mm), and imported Sherpa screw (diameter, 8.0 mm) were used. To assess the effect of lead-hole size, the lead holes with diameters corresponding to 68.7%, 70.8%, and 74.0% of the shank diameter of the lag screw were predrilled. The lead hole corresponding to 74% of the shank diameter was selected for this study because the smaller lead holes required higher rotational force for installation, which may cause damage in the screw neck, although there was no significant difference in the withdrawal resistance depending on the lead-hole sizes applied in this study. The lag screws installed on the tangential and radial surfaces showed similar withdrawal resistances to each other, which were greater than those installed on the cross-sectional surface. As the lag screw diameter increased from 6.27 mm to 9.46 mm, the withdrawal resistance also increased proportionally. The withdrawal resistance of the tapping screw having a diameter of 6.3 mm was almost 1.6 times higher than that of the lag screw having a similar diameter of 6.27 mm, while that of Sherpa screw having a diameter of 8.0 mm was around 1.4 times higher than that of the lag screw having a similar diameter of 7.79 mm.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2008

A 57-year-old man was transferred to our emergency department with decreased mental status after organophosphate intoxication. He had a four year history of benzodiazepine and hypnotic medication use for chronic insomnia and a depressive mood disorder. He had no previous history of seizures, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. By hospital day 5, the patient was noted to be awake and to have repetitive jerking movements involving the left upper extremity, and appeared apathetic, depressed and less responsive to external stimuli. A benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome was subsequently apparent when he developed several generalized tonic clonic seizures and status epilepticus. Using a continuous midazolam intravenous infusion, we successfully controlled the refractory seizure without complications. We present a rare case of status epilepticus from a benzodiazepine withdrawal that developed during the treatment for organophosphate intoxication.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 위드로월 (withdrawal) 가중형 SAW필터를 자동으로 최적화할 수 있는 설계도구의 개발 내용을 제시하였다. SAW 공진기에 위드로월 가중법이 적용될 경우, 향상된 대역폭 및 천이대역 특성을 구현할 수 있으며, 이러한 위드로월 가중효과를 이용하여 사다리형 위드로월 SAW필터의 최적화도구를 완성하였다. 본 설계방법의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 RF 대역 CDMA용 TX 및 RX SAW 필터를 본 설계도구를 이용하여 최적화하였으며 실제 실험 결과, 이론과 매우 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.193-207
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• 2007

The present study investigated the influence of withdrawal on children's best friendship including prevalence of best friendship, friendship quality, and friends' psychosocial characteristics. Subjects were 471 fifth and sixth graders recruited from two public schools. The peer nomination index was used to assess peer victimization, withdrawal, and prosocial behavior. Peer rejection and acceptance were also measured. Children reported on the quality of their friendships using the Friendship Quality Scale(Bukowsi et al., 1994). Results showed that compared to control group, withdrawn children had fewer best friends and perceived their friendship quality more negatively. Moreover, withdrawn children are similar with their best friends in respect with prosocial behavior, withdrawal, peer victimization, and peer rejection level.